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# Fype
**F**or **Y**our **P**rogram **E**xecution — a lightweight scripting language.
## Synopsis
```sh
fype script.fy # Run a .fy file
fype -e "say 1 + 2;" # Run inline code
fype -h # Show help
fype -v # Show version
```
## About
Fype is a single-pass, simultaneous-parse-and-interpret scripting language. There is no AST; the scanner produces a flat token list which the interpreter consumes directly.
Fype is developed under the BSD license.
## Building
```sh
make # Build the fype binary
make install # Install to /usr/local/bin
make clean # Remove build artifacts
```
## Data Types
Fype uses automatic type conversion between these types:
- **integer** — whole numbers
- **double** — floating-point numbers
- **string** — text strings
Explicit conversion: `integer`, `double`, `string`.
## Syntax
### Comments
```fy
# Single-line comment
#* Block comment *#
#* Multi-line
block comment *#
say 1 #* inline *# + 1;
```
### Variables
```fy
my foo = 1 + 2; # declare and assign
my bar = 4, baz = 5; # multiple declarations
my bay; # defaults to 0
```
### Arithmetic
```fy
say 10 + 3; # 13
say 10 - 3; # 7
say 10 * 3; # 30
say 10 / 3; # 3 (integer division)
say neg 5; # -5
incr x; # x = x + 1
decr x; # x = x - 1
```
### Comparison
```fy
5 == 5 # equal
5 != 4 # not equal
5 < 10 # less than
5 <= 5 # less or equal
5 > 3 # greater than
5 >= 5 # greater or equal
not 0 # logical not (returns 1)
```
### Bitwise
```fy
5 and 3 # bitwise AND
5 or 2 # bitwise OR
5 xor 3 # bitwise XOR
2 :< 2 # left shift (2 << 2 = 8)
8 :> 2 # right shift (8 >> 2 = 2)
```
### Conditionals
```fy
if 1 { say "true"; }
ifnot 0 { say "false"; }
```
### Loops
```fy
while x < 10 { incr x; }
until x == 10 { incr x; }
loop {
if x == 5 { break; }
incr x;
}
do { incr x; } while x < 10;
do { incr x; } until x == 10;
```
`break` exits the loop; `next` skips to the next iteration.
### Procedures
Procedures share the caller's scope:
```fy
proc greet {
say "Hello";
my local_var = 42; # visible to caller
}
greet;
```
### Functions
Functions have local scope and support parameters and return values:
```fy
# Zero-arg function
fun answer() { ret 42; }
say answer();
# With parameters
fun add(a, b) { ret a + b; }
say add(3, 5);
# Multiple return values
fun minmax(a, b) {
if a < b { ret a, b; }
ret b, a;
}
say minmax(3, 7); # prints 3 then 7
```
### Arrays
```fy
my nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
say len nums; # 5
say nums[0]; # 10
say nums[1 + 1]; # 30 (expression index)
nums[2] = 99; # element assignment
# Slices (half-open ranges)
my sub = nums[1:4]; # [20, 30, 40]
my head = nums[:2]; # [10, 20]
my tail = nums[3:]; # [40, 50]
my copy = nums[:]; # full shallow copy
```
### Scoping
```fy
my outer = 1;
{
my inner = 2;
say defined inner; # 1
}
say defined inner; # 0
```
### Synonyms (Aliases)
```fy
my foo = 42;
my bar = \foo; # bar is an alias for foo
foo = 99;
say bar; # 99 (reflects change)
say syms foo; # 2 (two symbols point to same value)
undef foo;
say defined bar; # 1 (alias keeps value alive)
```
### Built-in Functions
| Function | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| `put x` | Print without newline |
| `say x` | Print with newline |
| `ln` | Print newline |
| `len arr` | Array length |
| `defined id` | 1 if defined, else 0 |
| `undef id` | Undefine a symbol |
| `syms id` | Count synonyms |
| `assert cond` | Assert condition is true |
| `exit n` | Exit with code n |
| `fork` | Fork a subprocess |
| `gc` | Run garbage collector |
| `scope` | Print visible symbols |
## Examples
See the `examples/` directory for complete demonstrations:
- `variables.fy` — variable declarations
- `expressions.fy` — arithmetic expressions
- `conditionals.fy` — if/ifnot
- `control.fy` — while/until loops
- `loop_do.fy` — loop, break, next, do-while, do-until
- `functions.fy` — functions and nesting
- `func_args_ret.fy` — function arguments and return values
- `procedures.fy` — procedures
- `slices.fy` — array slicing
- `synonyms.fy` — aliases
- `scopeing.fy` — lexical scoping
- `bitwise.fy` — bitwise operators
- `types.fy` — type conversion
- `io.fy` — I/O operations
- `fork.fy` — process forking
- `comments.fy` — comment syntax
- `break_next.fy` — loop control
- `uber.fy` — comprehensive example exercising all features
## Author
Paul C. Buetow (https://buetow.org)
## Website
https://codeberg.org/snonux/fype
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