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| author | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-08 18:17:20 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-08 18:17:20 +0200 |
| commit | 8a78337ea4dcb0b154bd1c754218ca01c8f9015d (patch) | |
| tree | 2501c4ab66bffff5bc443553e769bedd9f035b33 /gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html | |
| parent | a37a644c48e824796989d532cefa564e7a3c89c1 (diff) | |
Update content for html
Diffstat (limited to 'gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html | 184 |
1 files changed, 95 insertions, 89 deletions
diff --git a/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html b/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html index 7fc14e02..52440e1a 100644 --- a/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html +++ b/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.html @@ -2,12 +2,17 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Standard ML and Haskell</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/gif" href="/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../style.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style-override.css" /> </head> -<body> +<body class="rfx-boot"> +<div class="rfx-overlay-grid"></div> +<div class="rfx-overlay-scanlines"></div> +<div id="rfx-stars"></div> +<div class="rfx-vignette"></div> <p class="header"> <a href="https://foo.zone">Home</a> | <a href="https://codeberg.org/snonux/foo.zone/src/branch/content-md/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.md">Markdown</a> | <a href="gemini://foo.zone/gemfeed/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.gmi">Gemini</a> </p> @@ -40,10 +45,10 @@ by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">datatype</font></u></b> ’a multi - = EMPTY - | ELEM <b><u><font color="#000000">of</font></u></b> ’a - | UNION <b><u><font color="#000000">of</font></u></b> ’a multi * ’a multi +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">datatype</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> ’a multi</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> EMPTY</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> ELEM </font><b><font color="#ffffff">of</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> ’a</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><b><font color="#ffffff">of</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> ’a multi </font><font color="#F3E651">*</font><font color="#ff0000"> ’a multi</font> </pre> <br /> <span>Haskell:</span><br /> @@ -52,11 +57,11 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">data</font></u></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Eq</font></b> a) => <b><font color="#000000">Multi</font></b> a - = <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> - | <b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> a - | <b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Multi</font></b> a) (<b><font color="#000000">Multi</font></b> a) - <b><u><font color="#000000">deriving</font></u></b> <b><font color="#000000">Show</font></b> +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">data</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Eq</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> a</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=></font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Multi</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> a</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> a</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Multi</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> a</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Multi</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> a</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">deriving</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Show</font></b> </pre> <br /> <h2 style='display: inline' id='processing-a-multi'>Processing a multi</h2><br /> @@ -67,12 +72,12 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> number (EMPTY) _ = <font color="#000000">0</font> - | number (ELEM x) w = <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x = w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> <font color="#000000">1</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <font color="#000000">0</font> - | number (UNION (x,y)) w = (number x w) + (number y w) -<b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> test_number w = number (UNION (EMPTY, \ - UNION (ELEM <font color="#000000">4</font>, UNION (ELEM <font color="#000000">6</font>, \ - UNION (UNION (ELEM <font color="#000000">4</font>, ELEM <font color="#000000">4</font>), EMPTY))))) w +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">EMPTY</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> _ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">0</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">1</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">0</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000">y</font><font color="#F3E651">))</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">number x w</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">+</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">number y w</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> test_number w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">EMPTY</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">\</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM </font><font color="#bb00ff">6</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">\</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> ELEM </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">),</font><font color="#ff0000"> EMPTY</font><font color="#F3E651">)))))</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font> </pre> <br /> <span>Haskell:</span><br /> @@ -81,11 +86,11 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre>number <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">_</font></u></b> = <font color="#000000">0</font> -number (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> x) w = <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x == w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> <font color="#000000">1</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <font color="#000000">0</font> -test_number w = number (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> \ - (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> <font color="#000000">4</font>) (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> <font color="#000000">6</font>) \ - (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> <font color="#000000">4</font>) (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> <font color="#000000">4</font>)) <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b>)))) w +<pre><font color="#ff0000">number </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">_</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">0</font> +<font color="#ff0000">number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">==</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">1</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">0</font> +<font color="#ff0000">test_number w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> number </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">\</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">6</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">\</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#bb00ff">4</font><font color="#F3E651">))</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#F3E651">))))</font><font color="#ff0000"> w</font> </pre> <br /> <h2 style='display: inline' id='simplify-function'>Simplify function</h2><br /> @@ -96,19 +101,19 @@ test_number w = number (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> <b><font color by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> simplify (UNION (x,y)) = - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> is_empty (EMPTY) = true | is_empty _ = false - <b><u><font color="#000000">val</font></u></b> x’ = simplify x - <b><u><font color="#000000">val</font></u></b> y’ = simplify y - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> (is_empty x’) <b><u><font color="#000000">andalso</font></u></b> (is_empty y’) - <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> EMPTY - <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> (is_empty x’) - <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> y’ - <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> (is_empty y’) - <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> x’ - <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> UNION (x’, y’) - <b><u><font color="#000000">end</font></u></b> - | simplify x = x +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> simplify </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000">y</font><font color="#F3E651">))</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> is_empty </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">EMPTY</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> true </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> is_empty _ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> false</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">val</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">val</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> y’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify y</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">is_empty x’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">andalso</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">is_empty y’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> EMPTY</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">is_empty x’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> y’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">is_empty y’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> y’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">end</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> x</font> </pre> <br /> <span>Haskell:</span><br /> @@ -117,17 +122,17 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre>simplify (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x y) - | (isEmpty x’) && (isEmpty y’) = <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> - | isEmpty x’ = y’ - | isEmpty y’ = x’ - | otherwise = <b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x’ y’ - <b><u><font color="#000000">where</font></u></b> - isEmpty <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> = <b><font color="#000000">True</font></b> - isEmpty <b><u><font color="#000000">_</font></u></b> = <b><font color="#000000">False</font></b> - x’ = simplify x - y’ = simplify y -simplify x = x +<pre><font color="#ff0000">simplify </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x y</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">isEmpty x’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">&&</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">isEmpty y’</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> isEmpty x’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> y’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> isEmpty y’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> x’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> otherwise </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x’ y’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">where</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> isEmpty </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">True</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> isEmpty </font><b><font color="#ffffff">_</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">False</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> x’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> y’ </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify y</font> +<font color="#ff0000">simplify x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> x</font> </pre> <br /> <h2 style='display: inline' id='delete-all'>Delete all</h2><br /> @@ -138,12 +143,12 @@ simplify x = x by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> delete_all m w = - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> delete_all’ (ELEM x) = <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x = w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> EMPTY <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> ELEM x - | delete_all’ (UNION (x,y)) = UNION (delete_all’ x, delete_all’ y) - | delete_all’ x = x - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> simplify (delete_all’ m) - <b><u><font color="#000000">end</font></u></b> +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> delete_all m w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> EMPTY </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> ELEM x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000">y</font><font color="#F3E651">))</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">delete_all’ x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ y</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> simplify </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">delete_all’ m</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">end</font></b> </pre> <br /> <span>Haskell:</span><br /> @@ -152,11 +157,11 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre>delete_all m w = simplify (delete_all’ m) - <b><u><font color="#000000">where</font></u></b> - delete_all’ (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> x) = <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x == w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> <b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> x - delete_all’ (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x y) = <b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> (delete_all’ x) (delete_all’ y) - delete_all’ x = x +<pre><font color="#ff0000">delete_all m w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> simplify </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">delete_all’ m</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">where</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">==</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x y</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">delete_all’ x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">delete_all’ y</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_all’ x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> x</font> </pre> <br /> <h2 style='display: inline' id='delete-one'>Delete one</h2><br /> @@ -167,21 +172,21 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> delete_one m w = - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">fun</font></u></b> delete_one’ (UNION (x,y)) = - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">val</font></u></b> (x’, deleted) = delete_one’ x - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> deleted - <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> (UNION (x’, y), deleted) - <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">val</font></u></b> (y’, deleted) = delete_one’ y - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> (UNION (x, y’), deleted) - <b><u><font color="#000000">end</font></u></b> - <b><u><font color="#000000">end</font></u></b> - | delete_one’ (ELEM x) = - <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x = w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> (EMPTY, true) <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> (ELEM x, false) - | delete_one’ x = (x, false) - <b><u><font color="#000000">val</font></u></b> (m’, _) = delete_one’ m - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> simplify m’ - <b><u><font color="#000000">end</font></u></b> +<pre><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one m w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">fun</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000">y</font><font color="#F3E651">))</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">val</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> y</font><font color="#F3E651">),</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">val</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">y’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ y</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">UNION </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> y’</font><font color="#F3E651">),</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">end</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">end</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">EMPTY</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> true</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">ELEM x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> false</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">|</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> false</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">val</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">m’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> _</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ m</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> simplify m’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">end</font></b> </pre> <br /> <span>Haskell:</span><br /> @@ -190,19 +195,19 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre>delete_one m w = <b><u><font color="#000000">do</font></u></b> - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> (m’, <b><u><font color="#000000">_</font></u></b>) = delete_one’ m - simplify m’ - <b><u><font color="#000000">where</font></u></b> - delete_one’ (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x y) = - <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> (x’, deleted) = delete_one’ x - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> deleted - <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x’ y, deleted) - <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">let</font></u></b> (y’, deleted) = delete_one’ y - <b><u><font color="#000000">in</font></u></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Union</font></b> x y’, deleted) - delete_one’ (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> x) = - <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> x == w <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Empty</font></b>, <b><font color="#000000">True</font></b>) <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> (<b><font color="#000000">Elem</font></b> x, <b><font color="#000000">False</font></b>) - delete_one’ x = (x, <b><font color="#000000">False</font></b>) +<pre><font color="#ff0000">delete_one m w </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">do</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">m’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">_</font></b><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ m</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> simplify m’</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">where</font></b> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x y</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ x</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x’ y</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">let</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">y’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ y</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">in</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Union</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x y’</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> deleted</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x</font><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">if</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x </font><font color="#F3E651">==</font><font color="#ff0000"> w </font><b><font color="#ffffff">then</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Empty</font></b><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">True</font></b><font color="#F3E651">)</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#ffffff">else</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><b><font color="#F35E1E">Elem</font></b><font color="#ff0000"> x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">False</font></b><font color="#F3E651">)</font> +<font color="#ff0000"> delete_one’ x </font><font color="#F3E651">=</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#F3E651">(</font><font color="#ff0000">x</font><font color="#F3E651">,</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><b><font color="#F35E1E">False</font></b><font color="#F3E651">)</font> </pre> <br /> <h2 style='display: inline' id='higher-order-functions'>Higher-order functions</h2><br /> @@ -227,11 +232,12 @@ my_filter f l = foldr (make_filter_fn f) [] l <br /> <a class='textlink' href='../'>Back to the main site</a><br /> <p class="footer"> - 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