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| author | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-27 17:49:06 +0200 |
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| committer | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-27 17:49:06 +0200 |
| commit | b694c0423a7dfbdee1f957e8d2b06b5601e26a40 (patch) | |
| tree | 240de9f75c0b7b083d08cb806f348ff4931ba2a0 | |
| parent | 5f6a785425fc34c09df8b4b19705c9c5c26a4c83 (diff) | |
Update content for md
45 files changed, 6579 insertions, 715 deletions
diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/dtail.gmi.4ec10c59b1af9f5aaf429e592d74fccff5aaead34e58f1846171512126774f9a b/about/.rcmbackup/dtail.gmi.4ec10c59b1af9f5aaf429e592d74fccff5aaead34e58f1846171512126774f9a new file mode 100644 index 00000000..986b63d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/dtail.gmi.4ec10c59b1af9f5aaf429e592d74fccff5aaead34e58f1846171512126774f9a @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# DTail + +=> https://github.com/mimecast/dtail github.com/mimecast/dtail - At Mimecast +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail codeberg.org/snonux/dtail - On my personal Codeberg + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.bb1a163b952ceebda52fa84be5f09da136ac5fa9c24cd03f629683ba9d91c60f b/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.bb1a163b952ceebda52fa84be5f09da136ac5fa9c24cd03f629683ba9d91c60f new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e02bb15f --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.bb1a163b952ceebda52fa84be5f09da136ac5fa9c24cd03f629683ba9d91c60f @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# About + +* Name: Paul Buetow +* Father, husband, computer tinkerer, yogi, science fiction lover, cat owner +* Born in: Germany, currently living in: Sofia, Bulgaria +* Profession: Computerist - Solving problems with computers that we wouldn't have without them +* Current job: Site Reliability Engineer +* Education: Diplom-Informatiker (FH) (Diploma from a German University of Applied Sciences, before they had international Bachelor's and Master's programs) +* E-Mail: `paul@nospam.buetow.org` + +=> ./paul.jpg Paul Buetow + +## My sites + +=> ../ My blog here at foo.zone +=> https://irregular.ninja irregular.ninja - My street photography site (warning: multiple MBs, it's photos after all) + +## Show me the code + +=> ./showcase.gmi Project showcase +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux codeberg.org/snonux - My Codeberg page +=> https://github.com/snonux github.com/snonux - My GitHub page (it's just a mirror of Codeberg, really) + +## Social Media and Communities + +=> https://fosstodon.org/@snonux @snonux@fosstodon.org - Me on Mastodon +=> https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-buetow-b4857270/ My LinkedIn profile + +## Books I've read + +=> ./resources.gmi Resources, technical books, podcasts, courses, and guides I recommend +=> ./novels.gmi Novels I've read + +That's all for now... + +=> ../ Back to the main site
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.ee1e23e53492a4a5ca20597b378da2ccef98c0a28e07a6038f259f5790c55b57 b/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.ee1e23e53492a4a5ca20597b378da2ccef98c0a28e07a6038f259f5790c55b57 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d171834 --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/index.gmi.ee1e23e53492a4a5ca20597b378da2ccef98c0a28e07a6038f259f5790c55b57 @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# About + +* Name: Paul Buetow +* Father, Husband, Computer tinkerer, Yogi, Science fiction lover, cat owner +* Born in: Germany, currently living in: Sofia, Bulgaria +* Profession: Computerist - Solving problems with computers that we wouldn't have without them +* Current job: Site Reliability Engineer +* Education: Diplom-Informatiker (FH) (Diploma from a German University of Applied Sciences, before they had international Bachelor and Masters programs) +* E-Mail: `paul@nospam.buetow.org` + +=> ./paul.jpg Paul Buetow + +## My sites + +=> ../ My blog here at foo.zone +=> https://irregular.ninja irregular.ninja - My street photography site (warn: multiple MBs, it's photos after all) + +## Show me the code + +=> ./showcase.gmi Project showcase +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux codeberg.org/snonux - My Codeberg page +=> https://github.com/snonux github.com/snonux - My GitHub page (it's just a mirror of Codeberg, really) + +## Social Media and Communities + +=> https://fosstodon.org/@snonux @snonux@fosstodon.org - Me at Mastodon +=> https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-buetow-b4857270/ My LinkedIn profile + +## Books I've read + +=> ./resources.gmi Resources, Technical Books, Podcasts, Courses and Guides I recommend +=> ./novels.gmi Novels I've read + +That's all for now... + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/novels.gmi.tpl.c1c4cb6bc73dbb3da253807acd4bdf976b384bc531ebc65fda55e029ae07a15e b/about/.rcmbackup/novels.gmi.tpl.c1c4cb6bc73dbb3da253807acd4bdf976b384bc531ebc65fda55e029ae07a15e new file mode 100644 index 00000000..72258e6b --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/novels.gmi.tpl.c1c4cb6bc73dbb3da253807acd4bdf976b384bc531ebc65fda55e029ae07a15e @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +# Novels + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Introduction + +This site lists my favourite novels I have read. I prefer to read them in German though. You will notice that these are mostly Science Fiction novels. Where possible, this page shows both English and German titles. + +Some were read as paperback, others as eBooks, and some were listened to (Audiobook). For a graphical representation you can also have a look here: + +=> https://f3s.buetow.org/scifi f3s.buetow.org/scifi +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/scifi codeberg.org/snonux/scifi - Script used to generate the site above + +``` + . . ' . + ' . . ' . + + ` ' . ' + . ,'`. . + . .." _.-;' `. . + _.-"`.##%"_.--" ,' `. "#" ___,,od000 + ,'"-_ _.-.--"\ ,' `-_ '%#%',,/////00000HH + ,' |_.' )`/- __..--""`-_`-._ J L/////00000HHHHM + . + ,' _.-" / / _-"" `-._`-_/___\///0000HHHHMMM + .'_.-"" ' :_/_.-' _,`-/__V__\0000HHHHHMMMM + . _-"" . ' _,////\ | /000HHHHHMMMMM +_-" . ' + . . ,//////0\ | /00HHHHHHHMMMMM + ` ,//////000\|/00HHHHHHHMMMMMM +. ' . ' . . ' ,//////00000|00HHHHHHHHMMMMMM + . . . ' ,//////000000|00HHHHHHHMMMMMMM + . ' . . ,///////000000|0HHHHHHHHMMMMMMM + ' ' . ' ///////000000000HHHHHHHHMMMMMMM + + . . ' . ,///////000000000HHHHHHHMMMMMMMM + ' . ' . ///////000000000HHHHHHHHMMMMMMMM + ' . ' ///////000000000HHHHHHHHMMMMMMMM + . ' ,///////000000000HHHHHHHHMMMMMMMM +``` + +## Read + +### Alastair Reynolds + +Revelation Space Universe: + +* 2000 - Revelation Space (english) / Unendlichkeit (german), Paperback +* 2001 - Chasm City, Paperback +* 2002 - Redemption Ark (english) / Die Arche (german), Paperback +* 2003 - Absolution Gap (english) / Offenbarung (german), Paperback +* 2005 - Diamond Dogs, Turquoise Days (english) / Träume von Unendlichkeit (german), Paperback +* 2006 - Galactic North, Audiobook (Libro.fm) +* 2021 - Inhibitor Phase, Audiobook (Libro.fm) + +Poseidons Children Series: + +* 2016 - Blue Remembered Earth - Poseidons Children (english) / Okular - Poseidons Kinder (german), eBook +* 2017 - On the Steel Breeze - Poseidons Children (english) / Duplikat - Poseidons Kinder (german), eBook + +### Arthur C. Clarke + +* 1973 - Rendezvous with Rama (english), Audiobook +* 1989 - Rama II (english), Audiobook +* 1991 - The Garden of Rama (english), Audiobook +* 1993 - Rama Revealed (english), Audiobook + +### Andreas Brandhorst (german) + +* 2004 - Diamant (german) - Diamant-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2004 - Der Metamorph (german) - Diamant-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2005 - Der Zeitkrieg (german) - Diamant-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2006 - Feuervögel (german) - Graken-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2007 - Feuerstürme (german) - Graken-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2008 - Feuerträume (german) - Graken-Trilogie, Paperback +* 2010 - Kinder der Ewigkeit (german), Paperback +* 2012 - Das Artefakt (german), Paperback +* 2013 - Der letzte Regent (german), Paperback +* 2014 - Das Kosmotop (german), Paperback +* 2015 - Ikarus (german), Paperback +* 2015 - Das Schiff (german), Paperback +* 2016 - Omni (german) - Omniversum, Paperback +* 2017 - Das Arkonadia-Rätsel (german) - Omniversum, Paperback +* 2017 - Das Erwachen (german) - Maschinenintelligenz-Trilogie, eBook +* 2018 - Ewiges Leben (german), Paperback +* 2019 - Das Netz der Sterne (german), Audiobook +* 2019 - Seelenfänger (german), Audiobook +* 2020 - Die Eskalation (german) - Maschinenintelligenz-Trilogie, eBook +* 2021 - Mars Discovery (german) - Maschinenintelligenz-Trilogie, eBook +* 2021 - Die Tiefe der Zeit (german), Paperback +* 2022 - Eklipse (german), eBook +* 2022 - Ruf der Unendlichkeit (german), Audiobook +* 2023 - Oxygen: Welt ohne Sauerstoff (german), Audiobook +* 2024 - Zeta (german), Audiobook +* 2024 - Infinitia (german), Audiobook +* 2024 - Der Riss (german), eBook + +### David Reimer (german) + +* 2022 - Die Anomalie in der Finsternis - Die Wächter des Wissens - Band 1 (german), Audiobook +* 2022 - Der dunkle Reisende - Die Wächter des Wissens - Band 2 (german), Audiobook +* 2022 - Das Signal der Schöpfer - Die Wächter des Wissens - Band 3 (german), Audiobook +* 2022 - Das Ende des Universums - Die Wächter des Wissens - Band 4 (german), Audiobook + +### Ian Banks + +* 1987 - Consider Pheblas (english) / Bedenke Pheblas (german) - Culture Book 1, Audiobook +* 1988 - The Player of Games (english) - Culture Book 2, Audiobook + +### Dan Simmons + +* 1989 - Hyperion, Audiobook +* 1990 - The fall of Hyperion, Audiobook + +### Other authors + +* 1949 - 1984, George Orwell, Audiobook +* 1979 - The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy (english) / Per Anhalter durch die Galaxis (german), Adam Douglas - All books of the series, Paperback +* 2009 - Quest, Andreas Eschbach, Paperback +* 2010 - The Icarus Hunt (english) / Jagt auf Ikarus (german), Timothy Zahn, Paperback +* 2010 - Der Astronaut (german), Andy Weir, Audiobook +* 2015 - The Three-Body Problem, Liu Cixin, Audiobook +* 2019 - Die Unvollkommenen (german), Theresa Hannig, Audiobook +* 2022 - Mickey 7 - Der letzte Klon (german), Edward Ashton, Audiobook + +Do you recommend a good Science Fiction Novel? E-Mail at paul at buetow dot org! :-) + +=> ./ Go back diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/resources.gmi.tpl.858f4de9007cae4a9462f8f4d8cca0a3f35da02b975dfe03a4d5efb5ad38aa05 b/about/.rcmbackup/resources.gmi.tpl.858f4de9007cae4a9462f8f4d8cca0a3f35da02b975dfe03a4d5efb5ad38aa05 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e154f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/resources.gmi.tpl.858f4de9007cae4a9462f8f4d8cca0a3f35da02b975dfe03a4d5efb5ad38aa05 @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + Resources + +This site contains a list of resources I find and found helpful. I am not an expert in all of these topics, but all the resources listed here impacted me. I read some of the books quite a long time ago, so there might be newer editions out there already, and I might need to refresh some of the knowledge. + +The list may not be exhaustive, but I will be adding more in the future. I firmly believe that educating yourself further is one of the most important things to advance. The lists are in random order and reshuffled every time (via *sort -R*) when updates are made. + +You won't find any links on this site because, over time, the links will break. Please use your favourite search engine when you are interested in one of the resources... + +``` + .--. .---. .-. + .---|--| .-. | A | .---. |~| .--. +.--|===|Go|---|_|--.__| S |--|:::| |~|-==-|==|---. +|%%|Lin|la|===| |~~|%%| C |--| |_|~|Perl| |___|-. +| |ux |ng|===| |==| | I | |k8s|=| | 7 |Ra|---|=| +| | | | |_|__| | I |__| | | | |ku|___| | +|~~|===|--|===|~|~~|%%|~~~|--|:::|=|~|----|==|---|=| +^--^---'--^---^-^--^--^---'--^---^-^-^-==-^--^---^-'hjw +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Technical books + +In random order: + +<< sort -R technical-books.txt + +## Technical references + +I didn't read them from the beginning to the end, but I am using them to look up things. The books are in random order: + +<< sort -R technical-references.txt + +## Self-development and soft-skills books + +In random order: + +<< sort -R self-skills.txt + +=> ../notes/index.gmi Here are notes of mine for some of the books + +## Technical video lectures and courses + +Some of these were in-person with exams; others were online learning lectures only. In random order: + +<< sort -R technical-courses.txt + +## Technical guides + +These are not whole books, but guides (smaller or larger) which I found very useful. in random order: + +<< sort -R technical-guides.txt + +## Podcasts + +### Podcasts I like + +In random order: + +<< sort -R podcasts.txt + +### Podcasts I liked + +I liked them but am not listening to them anymore. The podcasts have either "finished" (no more episodes) or I stopped listening to them due to time constraints or a shift in my interests. + +<< sort -R old-podcasts.txt + +## Newsletters I like + +This is a mix of tech and non-tech newsletters I am subscribed to. In random order: + +<< sort -R newsletters.txt + +## Magazines I like(d) + +This is a mix of tech I like(d). I may not be a current subscriber, but now and then, I buy an issue. In random order: + +<< sort -R magazines.txt + +## YouTube channels + +* Jo Van Eyck - A lot about AI in Software Engineering +* The Linux Experiment - Nice to watch to relax and learn about Linux news + +# Formal education + +I have met many self-taught IT professionals I highly respect. In my own opinion, a formal degree does not automatically qualify a person for a particular job. It is more about how you educate yourself further *after* formal education. The pragmatic way of thinking and getting things done do not require a college or university degree. + +However, I still believe a degree in Computer Science helps to understand all the theories involved that you would have never learned otherwise. Isn't it cool to understand how compilers work under the hood (automata theory) even if you are not required to hack the compiler in your current position? You could apply the same theory for other things too. This was just *one* example. + +* One year Student exchange program in OH, USA +* German School Majors (Abitur), focus areas: German and Mathematics +* Half-year internship as a C/C++ programmer in Sofia, Bulgaria +* Graduated from University as Diplom-Inform. (FH) at the Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany + +My diploma thesis, "Object-oriented development of a GUI based tool for event-based simulation of distributed systems," can be found at: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/vs-sim + +I was one of the last students handed out an "old fashioned" German Diploma degree before the University switched to the international Bachelor and Master versions. To give you an idea: The "Diplom-Inform. (FH)" means translated "Diploma in Informatics from a University of Applied Sciences (FH: Fachhochschule)". Going after the international student credit score, it can be seen as an equivalent to a "Master in Computer Science" degree. + +Colleges and Universities are costly in many countries. Come to Germany, the first college degree is for free (if you finish within a certain deadline!) + +=> ./ Go back diff --git a/about/.rcmbackup/showcase.gmi.tpl.e8706aaaac0dd7ad59148a5c17ede052f8252c5db8ad77f74d5c4218051a6ec6 b/about/.rcmbackup/showcase.gmi.tpl.e8706aaaac0dd7ad59148a5c17ede052f8252c5db8ad77f74d5c4218051a6ec6 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b71aec63 --- /dev/null +++ b/about/.rcmbackup/showcase.gmi.tpl.e8706aaaac0dd7ad59148a5c17ede052f8252c5db8ad77f74d5c4218051a6ec6 @@ -0,0 +1,1417 @@ +# Project Showcase + +Generated on: 2026-03-12 + +This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project does, its technical implementation, and key metrics. Each project summary includes information about the programming languages used, development activity, releases, and licensing. The projects are ranked by score, which combines recent activity, project size, tag history, and whether the project has shipped a release. + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Overall Statistics + +* 📦 Total Projects: 64 +* 📊 Total Commits: 13,595 +* 📈 Total Lines of Code: 334,197 +* 📄 Total Lines of Documentation: 46,922 +* 💻 Languages: Go (53.7%), Java (12.3%), C (5.8%), CSS (5.3%), YAML (4.7%), Perl (4.3%), HTML (2.9%), Shell (2.6%), Python (2.1%), C/C++ (1.3%), JSON (1.1%), Config (1.0%), Ruby (0.9%), HCL (0.8%), Make (0.4%), XML (0.2%), Haskell (0.2%), JavaScript (0.1%), Raku (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (74.1%), Text (24.7%), LaTeX (1.2%) +* 🚀 Release Status: 42 released, 22 experimental (65.6% with releases, 34.4% experimental) + +## Projects + +### 1. ior 1←1 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (88.9%), C (10.6%), JSON (0.3%), C/C++ (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (85.8%), Text (14.2%) +* 📊 Commits: 732 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 55808 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3394 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-01-18 to 2026-03-11 +* 🏆 Score: 111.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +=> showcase/ior/image-1.png ior screenshot + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ior View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/ior View on GitHub + +--- + +### 2. timesamurai 2 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.2%), Shell (0.6%), YAML (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 91 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 9493 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 112 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 59.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.7.0 (2026-03-05) + + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/timesamurai View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/timesamurai View on GitHub + +--- + +### 3. hexai 3↙2 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 377 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 31218 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 4089 +* 🏷️ Tags: 50 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-08-01 to 2026-03-10 +* 🏆 Score: 50.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.21.0 (2026-02-12) + + +=> showcase/hexai/image-1.png hexai screenshot + +Hexai, the AI addition for your Helix Editor (https://helix-editor.com) .. Other editors should work but weren't tested. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/hexai View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/hexai View on GitHub + +--- + +### 4. dotfiles 4↙3 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (66.6%), CSS (10.9%), Config (10.1%), TOML (10.0%), JSON (1.1%), Ruby (1.0%), INI (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 845 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 2990 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 5386 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-07-30 to 2026-03-10 +* 🏆 Score: 35.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workstation as well as remotely on any server. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dotfiles View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/dotfiles View on GitHub + +--- + +### 5. loadbars 5↖47 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (92.8%), Shell (7.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 577 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 6595 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 328 +* 🏷️ Tags: 47 +* 📅 Development Period: 2010-11-05 to 2026-03-02 +* 🏆 Score: 25.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.11.1 (2026-02-17) + + +=> showcase/loadbars/image-1.gif loadbars screenshot + +Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote servers at once in real time. It connects with SSH (using SSH public/private key auth) to several servers at once and vizualizes all server CPUs and memory statistics right next each other (either summarized or each core separately). Loadbars is not a tool for collecting CPU loads and drawing graphs for later analysis. However, since such tools require a significant amount of time before producing results, Loadbars lets you observe the current state immediately. Loadbars does not remember or record any load information. It just shows the current CPU usages like top or vmstat does. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/loadbars View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/loadbars View on GitHub + +--- + +### 6. foostore 6↖7 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (98.4%), Shell (1.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 110 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 7020 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 250 +* 🏷️ Tags: 9 +* 📅 Development Period: 2018-05-26 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 17.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.5.3 (2026-03-02) + + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in active early development, unstable, and intended for personal use. Expect bugs, breaking changes, missing safeguards, and possible data loss. Backward compatibility and upgrade paths are not guaranteed. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/foostore View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/foostore View on GitHub + +--- + +### 7. epimetheus 7↙4 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (85.2%), Shell (14.8%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 5199 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 1736 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-02-07 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 14.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +=> showcase/epimetheus/image-1.png epimetheus screenshot + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/epimetheus View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/epimetheus View on GitHub + +--- + +### 8. conf 8↙5 + +* 💻 Languages: YAML (80.7%), Perl (9.9%), Shell (6.0%), Python (2.3%), Docker (0.7%), Config (0.2%), HTML (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (97.1%), Text (2.9%) +* 📊 Commits: 791 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 19132 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 6572 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2021-12-28 to 2026-02-15 +* 🏆 Score: 11.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +This is my personal config repository. Including... + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/conf View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/conf View on GitHub + +--- + +### 9. scifi 9↙8 + +* 💻 Languages: JSON (35.9%), CSS (30.6%), JavaScript (29.6%), HTML (3.8%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 23 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1664 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 853 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-25 to 2026-01-27 +* 🏆 Score: 7.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +A static HTML page showcasing a science fiction book collection. Works fully offline with all assets stored locally. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/scifi View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/scifi View on GitHub + +--- + +### 10. gitsyncer 10↖15 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (93.4%), Shell (6.3%), JSON (0.3%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 132 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 11821 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 2456 +* 🏷️ Tags: 34 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-23 to 2026-03-11 +* 🏆 Score: 5.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: BSD-2-Clause +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.15.4 (2026-03-11) + + +GitSyncer is a tool for synchronizing git repositories between multiple organizations (e.g., GitHub and Codeberg). It automatically keeps all branches in sync across different git hosting platforms. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gitsyncer View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gitsyncer View on GitHub + +--- + +### 11. log4jbench 11↙9 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (78.9%), XML (21.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 774 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 119 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-09 to 2026-01-09 +* 🏆 Score: 5.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +A minimal Java tool to benchmark Log4j2 logging throughput with configurable concurrent threads and various logging configurations. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/log4jbench View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/log4jbench View on GitHub + +--- + +### 12. rcm 12↙10 + +* 💻 Languages: Ruby (99.6%), TOML (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 109 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1719 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 778 +* 🏷️ Tags: 3 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-12-05 to 2026-03-02 +* 🏆 Score: 5.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1.1 (2026-03-01) + + +=> showcase/rcm/image-1.png rcm screenshot + +A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, designed for personal use. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/rcm View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/rcm View on GitHub + +--- + +### 13. yoga 13↙12 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (69.1%), HTML (30.9%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 17 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 6498 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 196 +* 🏷️ Tags: 9 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-10-01 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 4.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.4.0 (2026-01-28) + + +=> showcase/yoga/image-1.png yoga screenshot + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/yoga View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/yoga View on GitHub + +--- + +### 14. gogios 14↙11 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (98.9%), JSON (0.6%), YAML (0.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (94.9%), Text (5.1%) +* 📊 Commits: 109 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 3875 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 394 +* 🏷️ Tags: 10 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-04-17 to 2026-02-16 +* 🏆 Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.4.1 (2026-02-16) + + +=> showcase/gogios/image-1.png gogios screenshot + +Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large-scale monitoring. It is ideal for monitoring self-hosted servers on a tiny scale, such as only a handful of servers or virtual machines (e.g. my personal infrastructure). If you have limited resources to monitor and require a simple yet effective solution, Gogios is an excellent choice. However, for larger environments with more complex monitoring requirements, it might be necessary to consider other monitoring solutions better suited for managing and scaling with increased monitoring demands. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gogios View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gogios View on GitHub + +--- + +### 15. totalrecall 15↙14 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.0%), Shell (0.5%), YAML (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (99.5%), Text (0.5%) +* 📊 Commits: 109 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 13424 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 377 +* 🏷️ Tags: 18 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-07-14 to 2026-03-08 +* 🏆 Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.8.3 (2026-03-08) + + +=> showcase/totalrecall/image-1.png totalrecall screenshot + +`totalrecall` is a versatile tool for generating Anki flashcard materials from Bulgarian words. It offers both a command-line interface (CLI) and a graphical user interface (GUI) for creating audio pronunciation files and AI-generated images. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/totalrecall View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/totalrecall View on GitHub + +--- + +### 16. perc 16↙13 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 7 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 452 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 80 +* 🏷️ Tags: 3 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-11-25 to 2025-11-25 +* 🏆 Score: 4.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1.0 (2025-11-25) + + +A simple vibe-coded command-line percentage calculator written in Go. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perc View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/perc View on GitHub + +--- + +### 17. tasksamurai 17↙16 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.8%), YAML (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 235 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 6567 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 251 +* 🏷️ Tags: 10 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-19 to 2026-03-05 +* 🏆 Score: 3.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: BSD-2-Clause +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.11.4 (2026-03-05) + + +=> showcase/tasksamurai/image-1.png tasksamurai screenshot + +Task Samurai invokes the `task` command to read and modify tasks. The tasks are displayed in a Bubble Tea table where each row represents a task. Hotkeys trigger Taskwarrior commands such as starting, completing or annotating tasks. The UI refreshes automatically after each action so the table is always up to date. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/tasksamurai View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/tasksamurai View on GitHub + +--- + +### 18. gos 18←18 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.5%), Shell (0.2%), JSON (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 402 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 4143 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 477 +* 🏷️ Tags: 13 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-05-04 to 2026-02-28 +* 🏆 Score: 2.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.2.4 (2026-02-17) + + +=> showcase/gos/image-1.png gos screenshot + +Gos is a Go-based replacement for Buffer.com, providing the ability to schedule and manage social media posts from the command line. It can be run, for example, every time you open a new shell or only once every N hours when you open a new shell. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gos View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gos View on GitHub + +--- + +### 19. foostats 19↙17 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (54.6%), Text (45.4%) +* 📊 Commits: 98 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1902 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 423 +* 🏷️ Tags: 2 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-01-02 to 2025-11-01 +* 🏆 Score: 2.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.2.0 (2025-10-21) + + +A privacy-respecting web analytics tool for OpenBSD that processes HTTP/HTTPS and Gemini protocol logs to generate anonymous site statistics. Designed for the foo.zone ecosystem and similar sites, it provides comprehensive traffic analysis while preserving visitor privacy through SHA3-512 IP hashing. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/foostats View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/foostats View on GitHub + +--- + +### 20. timr 20↙19 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (96.0%), Shell (4.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 32 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1538 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 99 +* 🏷️ Tags: 5 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-01-02 +* 🏆 Score: 2.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.3.0 (2026-01-02) + + +A simple command-line tool to track time spent on tasks. It has been primarily coded using Google Gemini CLI and Claude Code CLI. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/timr View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/timr View on GitHub + +--- + +### 21. dtail 21↙20 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (93.9%), JSON (2.8%), C (2.0%), Make (0.5%), C/C++ (0.3%), Config (0.2%), Shell (0.2%), Docker (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (79.4%), Markdown (20.6%) +* 📊 Commits: 1104 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 20091 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 5674 +* 🏷️ Tags: 27 +* 📅 Development Period: 2020-01-09 to 2025-06-20 +* 🏆 Score: 2.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v4.3.3 (2024-08-23) + + +=> showcase/dtail/image-1.png dtail screenshot + +DTail (a distributed tail program) is a DevOps tool for engineers programmed in Google Go for following (tailing), catting and grepping (including gzip and zstd decompression support) log files on many machines concurrently. An advanced feature of DTail is to execute distributed MapReduce aggregations across many devices. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/dtail View on GitHub + +--- + +### 22. wireguardmeshgenerator 22↖23 + +* 💻 Languages: Ruby (65.4%), YAML (34.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 36 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 563 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 24 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-04-18 to 2026-01-20 +* 🏆 Score: 1.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2025-05-11) + + +Have a look at the `wireguardmeshgenerator.yaml` + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/wireguardmeshgenerator View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/wireguardmeshgenerator View on GitHub + +--- + +### 23. gemtexter 23↙22 + +* 💻 Languages: CSS (55.3%), Python (16.1%), HTML (15.3%), JSON (6.6%), Shell (5.3%), Config (1.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (70.2%), Markdown (29.8%) +* 📊 Commits: 480 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 30319 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 1280 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2025-06-22 +* 🏆 Score: 1.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: GPL-3.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 3.0.0 (2024-10-01) + + +This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All content is written in Gemini Gemtext format, but the script `gemtexter` generates multiple other static output formats (with zero JavaScript) from it. You can reach the site(s)... + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gemtexter View on GitHub + +--- + +### 24. goprecords 24←24 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 118 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 2855 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 489 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-08 +* 🏆 Score: 1.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.2.1 (2026-02-20) + + +`goprecords` is a Go command-line program that generates uptime reports for hosts based on the input record files from `uptimed`. It supports importing records into SQLite and querying for reports, or reporting directly from a stats directory. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/goprecords View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/goprecords View on GitHub + +--- + +### 25. ds-sim 25↙21 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (98.9%), Shell (0.6%), CSS (0.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (98.7%), Text (1.3%) +* 📊 Commits: 438 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 25762 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3101 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2025-06-27 +* 🏆 Score: 1.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +=> showcase/ds-sim/image-1.png ds-sim screenshot + +DS-Sim is a open-source simulator for distributed systems, written in Java. It provides a powerful environment for simulating and learning about distributed systems concepts. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/ds-sim View on GitHub + +--- + +### 26. quicklogger 26↙25 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (96.4%), XML (1.8%), Shell (1.1%), TOML (0.7%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 36 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1220 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 78 +* 🏷️ Tags: 5 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-01-20 to 2026-03-01 +* 🏆 Score: 0.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1.0 (2026-03-01) + + +=> showcase/quicklogger/image-1.png quicklogger screenshot + +This is a tiny GUI app written in Go using the Fyne framework to quickly log a message to a file. Read on my blog more about this: https://foo.zone/gemfeed/2024-03-03-a-fine-fyne-android-app-for-quickly-logging-ideas-programmed-in-golang.html + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/quicklogger View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/quicklogger View on GitHub + +--- + +### 27. sillybench 27←27 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (90.9%), Shell (9.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 5 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 33 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-04-03 to 2025-04-03 +* 🏆 Score: 0.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +To compare how fast this runs on FreeBSD vs a Linux Bhyve VM + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/sillybench View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/sillybench View on GitHub + +--- + +### 28. terraform 28↙26 + +* 💻 Languages: HCL (96.6%), Make (1.9%), YAML (1.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 125 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 2851 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 52 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-08-27 to 2025-08-08 +* 🏆 Score: 0.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +Go to AWS Secrets manager manually and create it! + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/terraform View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/terraform View on GitHub + +--- + +### 29. guprecords 29←29 + +* 💻 Languages: Raku (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 97 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 383 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 425 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2023-04-29) + + +guprecords: source code repository. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/guprecords View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/guprecords View on GitHub + +--- + +### 30. geheim 30←30 + +* 💻 Languages: Ruby (86.7%), Shell (13.3%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 75 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 822 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 108 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2018-05-26 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.3.1 (2025-11-01) + + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. I have switched to another solution and will not be doing any further work on this project. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/geheim View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/geheim View on GitHub + +--- + +### 31. gorum 31↙28 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (91.3%), JSON (6.4%), YAML (2.3%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 83 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1525 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 17 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-04-17 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +Gogios is a minimalistic quorum manager. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gorum View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gorum View on GitHub + +--- + +### 32. docker-radicale-server 32↙31 + +* 💻 Languages: Make (57.5%), Docker (42.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 5 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 40 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-12-31 to 2025-08-11 +* 🏆 Score: 0.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +For the Radicale server https://radicale.org + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/docker-radicale-server View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/docker-radicale-server View on GitHub + +--- + +### 33. photoalbum 33↖34 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (80.1%), Make (12.3%), Config (7.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 153 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 342 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 39 +* 🏷️ Tags: 15 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-11-19 to 2022-04-02 +* 🏆 Score: 0.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.5.0 (2022-02-21) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +photoalbum is a minimal Bash script for Unix like operating systems (such as Linux) to generate static web photo albums. +The resulting static photo album is pure HTML+CSS (without any JavaScript!). + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/photoalbum View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/photoalbum View on GitHub + +--- + +### 34. randomjournalpage 34↙33 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (94.1%), Make (5.9%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 8 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 51 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 26 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2022-06-02 to 2024-04-20 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +This is a quick and dirty script which I use personally to grab a random PDF file (a scanned version of one of my bullet journals) and to extract a random set of pages from it in order to reflect/read what was happening in the past. This also includes various notes of books I have read and random ideas I wrote down and my want to reconsider. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/randomjournalpage View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/randomjournalpage View on GitHub + +--- + +### 35. ioriot 35←35 + +* 💻 Languages: C (55.5%), C/C++ (24.0%), Config (19.6%), Make (1.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 50 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 12420 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 610 +* 🏷️ Tags: 8 +* 📅 Development Period: 2018-03-01 to 2020-01-22 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.5.1 (2019-01-04) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +=> showcase/ioriot/image-1.png ioriot screenshot + +...is an I/O benchmarking tool for Linux based operating systems which captures I/O operations on a (possibly production) server in order to replay the exact same I/O operations on a load test machine. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ioriot View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/ioriot View on GitHub + +--- + +### 36. algorithms 36↙32 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.2%), Make (0.8%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 82 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1728 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 18 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2020-07-12 to 2023-04-09 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +This includes exercises from the Algorithms lecture. Well, this is just a refresher exercise. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/algorithms View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/algorithms View on GitHub + +--- + +### 37. ipv6test 37↙36 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (65.8%), Docker (34.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 22 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 149 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 21 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-07-09 to 2026-02-17 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +This is a quick and dirty Perl-based IPv6 test website. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ipv6test View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/ipv6test View on GitHub + +--- + +### 38. staticfarm-apache-handlers 38↖40 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (96.4%), Make (3.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 919 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 16 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-01-02 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.1.3 (2015-01-02) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/staticfarm-apache-handlers View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/staticfarm-apache-handlers View on GitHub + +--- + +### 39. sway-autorotate 39↙38 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 8 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 41 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 17 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2020-01-30 to 2025-04-30 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: GPL-3.0 +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +This is a fork of https://github.com/tedk0n/autorotate_sway_script + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/sway-autorotate View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/sway-autorotate View on GitHub + +--- + +### 40. mon 40↙39 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (96.5%), Shell (1.8%), Make (1.2%), Config (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 8 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 5360 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 793 +* 🏷️ Tags: 2 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-01-02 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.0.1 (2015-01-02) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/mon View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/mon View on GitHub + +--- + +### 41. fapi 41↖44 + +* 💻 Languages: Python (96.6%), Make (3.1%), Config (0.3%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (98.3%), Markdown (1.7%) +* 📊 Commits: 222 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1681 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 543 +* 🏷️ Tags: 32 +* 📅 Development Period: 2014-03-10 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.0.2 (2014-11-17) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/fapi View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/fapi View on GitHub + +--- + +### 42. pingdomfetch 42↙41 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (97.3%), Make (2.7%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 10 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1839 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 416 +* 🏷️ Tags: 3 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-01-02 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.0.2 (2015-01-02) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/pingdomfetch View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/pingdomfetch View on GitHub + +--- + +### 43. fype 43↙37 + +* 💻 Languages: C (77.3%), C/C++ (13.1%), HTML (7.5%), Make (2.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (65.8%), LaTeX (20.5%), Markdown (13.7%) +* 📊 Commits: 120 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 7904 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 2774 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2026-02-28 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +**F**or **Y**our **P**rogram **E**xecution — a lightweight scripting language. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/fype View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/fype View on GitHub + +--- + +### 44. pwgrep 44↖50 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (85.0%), Make (15.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (75.0%), Markdown (25.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 143 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 493 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 28 +* 🏷️ Tags: 33 +* 📅 Development Period: 2009-09-27 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.9.3 (2014-06-14) + + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/pwgrep View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/pwgrep View on GitHub + +--- + +### 45. xerl 45↙42 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (98.3%), Config (1.2%), Make (0.5%) +* 📊 Commits: 671 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1675 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-03-06 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2018-12-22) + + +Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/xerl View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/xerl View on GitHub + +--- + +### 46. awksite 46↖61 + +* 💻 Languages: AWK (72.1%), HTML (16.4%), Config (11.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (50.0%), Markdown (50.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 122 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 12 +* 🏷️ Tags: 2 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-01-27 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.2 (2011-01-27) + + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/awksite View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/awksite View on GitHub + +--- + +### 47. gotop 47↖48 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (98.0%), Make (2.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (60.0%), Text (40.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 58 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 499 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 10 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-05-24 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.1 (2015-06-01) + + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gotop View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gotop View on GitHub + +--- + +### 48. japi 48↖53 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (78.3%), Make (21.7%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 42 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 286 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 148 +* 🏷️ Tags: 12 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.4.3 (2014-06-16) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/japi View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/japi View on GitHub + +--- + +### 49. perldaemon 49↖51 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (72.7%), Shell (23.9%), Config (3.4%) +* 📊 Commits: 111 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 611 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-02-05 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.4 (2022-04-29) + + +PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other UNIX a like operating system +programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/perldaemon View on GitHub + +--- + +### 50. rubyfy 50↙49 + +* 💻 Languages: Ruby (98.5%), JSON (1.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 35 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 273 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 34 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-09-29 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0 (2015-10-26) + + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/rubyfy View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/rubyfy View on GitHub + +--- + +### 51. perl-c-fibonacci 51↙45 + +* 💻 Languages: C (80.4%), Make (19.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 51 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 69 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2014-03-24 to 2022-04-23 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +perl-c-fibonacci: source code repository. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perl-c-fibonacci View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/perl-c-fibonacci View on GitHub + +--- + +### 52. netdiff 52↖56 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (52.2%), Make (46.3%), Config (1.5%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 43 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 134 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 110 +* 🏷️ Tags: 10 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.1.5 (2014-06-22) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/netdiff View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/netdiff View on GitHub + +--- + +### 53. jsmstrade 53↙52 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (76.0%), Shell (15.4%), XML (8.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 21 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 720 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 8 +* 🏷️ Tags: 3 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-06-21 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.3 (2009-02-08) + + +=> showcase/jsmstrade/image-1.png jsmstrade screenshot + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/jsmstrade View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/jsmstrade View on GitHub + +--- + +### 54. muttdelay 54↖55 + +* 💻 Languages: Make (47.1%), Shell (46.3%), Vim Script (5.9%), Config (0.7%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 42 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 136 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 100 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.2.0 (2014-07-05) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/muttdelay View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/muttdelay View on GitHub + +--- + +### 55. netcalendar 55↙46 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (83.0%), HTML (12.9%), XML (3.0%), CSS (0.8%), Make (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (89.5%), Markdown (10.5%) +* 📊 Commits: 51 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 17380 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 949 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2009-02-07 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: GPL-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1 (2009-02-08) + + +=> showcase/netcalendar/image-1.png netcalendar screenshot + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/netcalendar View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/netcalendar View on GitHub + +--- + +### 56. cpuinfo 56↖59 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (53.2%), Make (46.8%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 28 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 124 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 75 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2010-11-05 to 2021-11-05 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.0.2 (2014-06-22) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +cpuinfo - A small and humble tool to print out CPU data + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/cpuinfo View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/cpuinfo View on GitHub + +--- + +### 57. template 57↖60 + +* 💻 Languages: Make (89.2%), Shell (10.8%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 23 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 65 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 232 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.0.0.0 (2013-03-22) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/template View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/template View on GitHub + +--- + +### 58. dyndns 58↖62 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 18 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 53 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2014-03-24 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +DEPRECATED + This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or + feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dyndns View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/dyndns View on GitHub + +--- + +### 59. debroid 59↙57 + +* 💻 Languages: Shell (92.0%), Make (8.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 17 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 88 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 150 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2015-06-18 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +=> showcase/debroid/image-1.png debroid screenshot + +> **⚠️ DEPRECATED:** This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/debroid View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/debroid View on GitHub + +--- + +### 60. perl-poetry 60↙54 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 2 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 191 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 8 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2014-03-24 to 2014-03-24 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +Here you find some Poetry written in Perl. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perl-poetry View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/perl-poetry View on GitHub + +--- + +### 61. hsbot 61↙58 + +* 💻 Languages: Haskell (98.5%), Make (1.5%) +* 📊 Commits: 81 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 601 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2009-11-22 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +This project is no longer maintained. No further updates, bug fixes, or +feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/hsbot View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/hsbot View on GitHub + +--- + +### 62. ychat 62↙43 + +* 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 67 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 0 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 9 +* 🏷️ Tags: 34 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2013-12-15 +* 🏆 Score: 0.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: yhttpd-0.7.2 (2013-04-06) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +ychat: source code repository. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ychat View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/ychat View on GitHub + +--- + +### 63. vs-sim 63←63 + +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 412 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 0 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 7 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2015-05-23 +* 🏆 Score: 0.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0 (2008-08-24) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +VS-Sim is an open source simulator programmed in Java for distributed systems. VS-Sim stands for "Verteilte Systeme Simulator" which is the german translation for "Distributed Sytstems Simulator". + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/vs-sim View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/vs-sim View on GitHub + +--- + +### 64. foo.zone 64↙6 + +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 3643 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 0 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 23 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2022-04-02 +* 🏆 Score: 0.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +Each format is in it's own branch in this repository. E.g.: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/foo.zone View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/foo.zone View on GitHub diff --git a/about/index.gmi.new b/about/index.gmi.new new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b --- /dev/null +++ b/about/index.gmi.new diff --git a/about/resources.md b/about/resources.md index cb050796..3b54233c 100644 --- a/about/resources.md +++ b/about/resources.md @@ -36,110 +36,110 @@ You won't find any links on this site because, over time, the links will break. In random order: -* Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI-C; Axel-Tobias Schreiner -* Terraform Cookbook; Mikael Krief; Packt Publishing -* Pro Puppet; James Turnbull, Jeffrey McCune; Apress * Programming Perl aka "The Camel Book"; Tom Christiansen, brian d foy, Larry Wall & Jon Orwant; O'Reilly -* Amazon Web Services in Action; Michael Wittig and Andreas Wittig; Manning Publications -* Concurrency in Go; Katherine Cox-Buday; O'Reilly -* Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale; David N. Blank-Edelman; eBook -* C++ Programming Language; Bjarne Stroustrup; -* Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms; Andrew S. Tanenbaum; Pearson -* Raku Fundamentals; Moritz Lenz; Apress -* The Kubernetes Book; Nigel Poulton; Unabridged Audiobook -* Tmux 2: Productive Mouse-free Development; Brain P. Hogan; The Pragmatic Programmers * Higher Order Perl; Mark Dominus; Morgan Kaufmann -* Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!; Miran Lipovaca; No Starch Press -* Learn You Some Erlang for Great Good; Fred Herbert; No Starch Press -* Modern Perl; Chromatic ; Onyx Neon Press +* Hands-on Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus; Joel Bastos, Pedro Araujo; Packt +* The Docker Book; James Turnbull; Kindle +* Effective awk programming; Arnold Robbins; O'Reilly +* Programming Ruby 3.3 (5th Edition); Noel Rappin, with Dave Thomas; The Pragmatic Bookshelf +* DNS and BIND; Cricket Liu; O'Reilly * DevOps And Site Reliability Engineering Handbook; Stephen Fleming; Audible -* Chaos Engineering - System Resiliency in Practice; Casey Rosenthal and Nora Jones; eBook -* Funktionale Programmierung; Peter Pepper; Springer -* 21st Century C: C Tips from the New School; Ben Klemens; O'Reilly * Java ist auch eine Insel; Christian Ullenboom; -* Think Raku (aka Think Perl 6); Laurent Rosenfeld, Allen B. Downey; O'Reilly -* The DevOps Handbook; Gene Kim, Jez Humble, Patrick Debois, John Willis; Audible -* Hands-on Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus; Joel Bastos, Pedro Araujo; Packt +* Concurrency in Go; Katherine Cox-Buday; O'Reilly * Perl New Features; Joshua McAdams, brian d foy; Perl School -* Site Reliability Engineering; How Google runs production systems; O'Reilly +* C++ Programming Language; Bjarne Stroustrup; +* 21st Century C: C Tips from the New School; Ben Klemens; O'Reilly +* Leanring eBPF; Liz Rice; O'Reilly +* 100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them; Teiva Harsanyi; Manning Publications +* Amazon Web Services in Action; Michael Wittig and Andreas Wittig; Manning Publications * Go Brain Teasers - Exercise Your Mind; Miki Tebeka; The Pragmatic Programmers -* Data Science at the Command Line; Jeroen Janssens; O'Reilly -* Programming Ruby 3.3 (5th Edition); Noel Rappin, with Dave Thomas; The Pragmatic Bookshelf -* Effective awk programming; Arnold Robbins; O'Reilly +* Tmux 2: Productive Mouse-free Development; Brain P. Hogan; The Pragmatic Programmers +* Systemprogrammierung in Go; Frank Müller; dpunkt +* The Go Programming Language; Alan A. A. Donovan; Addison-Wesley Professional * Raku Recipes; J.J. Merelo; Apress -* 100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them; Teiva Harsanyi; Manning Publications -* DNS and BIND; Cricket Liu; O'Reilly -* The Docker Book; James Turnbull; Kindle -* Leanring eBPF; Liz Rice; O'Reilly +* Raku Fundamentals; Moritz Lenz; Apress +* Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI-C; Axel-Tobias Schreiner +* The DevOps Handbook; Gene Kim, Jez Humble, Patrick Debois, John Willis; Audible +* The Pragmatic Programmer; David Thomas; Addison-Wesley +* The Kubernetes Book; Nigel Poulton; Unabridged Audiobook * Ultimate Go Notebook; Bill Kennedy -* Systems Performance Tuning; Gian-Paolo D. Musumeci and others...; O'Reilly -* The Go Programming Language; Alan A. A. Donovan; Addison-Wesley Professional +* Pro Puppet; James Turnbull, Jeffrey McCune; Apress +* Clusterbau mit Linux-HA; Michael Schwartzkopff; O'Reilly +* Site Reliability Engineering; How Google runs production systems; O'Reilly +* Think Raku (aka Think Perl 6); Laurent Rosenfeld, Allen B. Downey; O'Reilly * The KCNA (Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate) Book; Nigel Poulton -* Developing Games in Java; David Brackeen and others...; New Riders +* Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms; Andrew S. Tanenbaum; Pearson +* Learn You Some Erlang for Great Good; Fred Herbert; No Starch Press +* Polished Ruby Programming; Jeremy Evans; Packt Publishing +* Chaos Engineering - System Resiliency in Practice; Casey Rosenthal and Nora Jones; eBook +* Modern Perl; Chromatic ; Onyx Neon Press * Effective Java; Joshua Bloch; Addison-Wesley Professional -* Clusterbau mit Linux-HA; Michael Schwartzkopff; O'Reilly -* The Practise of System and Network Administration; Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christina J. Hogan, Strata R. Chalup; Addison-Wesley Professional Pro Git; Scott Chacon, Ben Straub; Apress +* Funktionale Programmierung; Peter Pepper; Springer * Kubernetes Cookbook; Sameer Naik, Sébastien Goasguen, Jonathan Michaux; O'Reilly -* The Pragmatic Programmer; David Thomas; Addison-Wesley * 97 things every SRE should know; Emil Stolarsky, Jaime Woo; O'Reilly -* Polished Ruby Programming; Jeremy Evans; Packt Publishing -* Systemprogrammierung in Go; Frank Müller; dpunkt +* Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!; Miran Lipovaca; No Starch Press +* The Practise of System and Network Administration; Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christina J. Hogan, Strata R. Chalup; Addison-Wesley Professional Pro Git; Scott Chacon, Ben Straub; Apress +* Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale; David N. Blank-Edelman; eBook +* Developing Games in Java; David Brackeen and others...; New Riders +* Systems Performance Tuning; Gian-Paolo D. Musumeci and others...; O'Reilly +* Terraform Cookbook; Mikael Krief; Packt Publishing +* Data Science at the Command Line; Jeroen Janssens; O'Reilly ## Technical references I didn't read them from the beginning to the end, but I am using them to look up things. The books are in random order: -* Groovy Kurz & Gut; Joerg Staudemeier; O'Reilly * Implementing Service Level Objectives; Alex Hidalgo; O'Reilly * Algorithms; Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne; Addison Wesley +* The Linux Programming Interface; Michael Kerrisk; No Starch Press +* Groovy Kurz & Gut; Joerg Staudemeier; O'Reilly * Relayd and Httpd Mastery; Michael W Lucas * Go: Design Patterns for Real-World Projects; Mat Ryer; Packt -* BPF Performance Tools - Linux System and Application Observability, Brendan Gregg; Addison Wesley -* The Linux Programming Interface; Michael Kerrisk; No Starch Press * Understanding the Linux Kernel; Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati; O'Reilly +* BPF Performance Tools - Linux System and Application Observability, Brendan Gregg; Addison Wesley ## Self-development and soft-skills books In random order: -* The Bullet Journal Method; Ryder Carroll; Fourth Estate -* Coders at Work - Reflections on the craft of programming, Peter Seibel and Mitchell Dorian et al., Audiobook -* So Good They Can't Ignore You; Cal Newport; Business Plus -* The Joy of Missing Out; Christina Crook; New Society Publishers -* Deep Work; Cal Newport; Piatkus -* Search Inside Yourself - The Unexpected path to Achieving Success, Happiness (and World Peace); Chade-Meng Tan, Daniel Goleman, Jon Kabat-Zinn; HarperOne -* Staff Engineer: Leadership beyond the management track; Will Larson; Audiobook -* The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People; Stephen R. Covey; Simon & Schuster UK -* Buddah and Einstein walk into a Bar; Guy Joseph Ale, Claire Bloom; Blackstone Publishing -* Getting Things Done; David Allen -* The Obstacle Is The Way; Ryan Holiday; Profile Books Ltd -* Solve for Happy; Mo Gawdat (RE-READ 1ST TIME) -* The Software Engineer's Guidebook: Navigating senior, tech lead, and staff engineer positions at tech companies and startups; Gergely Orosz; Audiobook -* Never Split the Difference; Chris Voss, Tahl Raz; Random House Business -* Psycho-Cybernetics; Maxwell Maltz; Perigee Books +* Slow Productivity; Cal Newport; Penguin Random House +* The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide; John Sonmez; Unabridged Audiobook +* The Phoenix Project - A Novel About IT, DevOps, and Helping your Business Win; Gene Kim and Kevin Behr; Trade Select +* Eat That Frog; Brian Tracy * Meditation for Mortals, Oliver Burkeman, Audiobook -* Influence without Authority; A. Cohen, D. Bradford; Wiley -* Atomic Habits; James Clear; Random House Business -* Soft Skills; John Sommez; Manning Publications +* 101 Essays that change the way you think; Brianna Wiest; Audiobook +* Psycho-Cybernetics; Maxwell Maltz; Perigee Books +* Buddah and Einstein walk into a Bar; Guy Joseph Ale, Claire Bloom; Blackstone Publishing * Consciousness: A Very Short Introduction; Susan Blackmore; Oxford Uiversity Press -* The Good Enough Job; Simone Stolzoff; Ebury Edge -* Stop starting, start finishing; Arne Roock; Lean-Kanban University +* The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People; Stephen R. Covey; Simon & Schuster UK * Ultralearning; Anna Laurent; Self-published via Amazon -* Eat That Frog; Brian Tracy -* The Daily Stoic; Ryan Holiday, Stephen Hanselman; Profile Books -* Ultralearning; Scott Young; Thorsons -* Time Management for System Administrators; Thomas A. Limoncelli; O'Reilly -* Slow Productivity; Cal Newport; Penguin Random House -* The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide; John Sonmez; Unabridged Audiobook +* The Software Engineer's Guidebook: Navigating senior, tech lead, and staff engineer positions at tech companies and startups; Gergely Orosz; Audiobook +* The Courage to Be Disliked; Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koga; Audiobook +* So Good They Can't Ignore You; Cal Newport; Business Plus * Eat That Frog!; Brian Tracy; Hodder Paperbacks +* Stop starting, start finishing; Arne Roock; Lean-Kanban University +* Never Split the Difference; Chris Voss, Tahl Raz; Random House Business * The Off Switch; Mark Cropley; Virgin Books (RE-READ 1ST TIME) -* The Courage to Be Disliked; Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koga; Audiobook -* The Phoenix Project - A Novel About IT, DevOps, and Helping your Business Win; Gene Kim and Kevin Behr; Trade Select +* Time Management for System Administrators; Thomas A. Limoncelli; O'Reilly * The Power of Now; Eckhard Tolle; Yellow Kite -* Digital Minimalism; Cal Newport; Portofolio Penguin -* 101 Essays that change the way you think; Brianna Wiest; Audiobook -* 97 Things Every Engineering Manager Should Know; Camille Fournier; Audiobook +* Deep Work; Cal Newport; Piatkus +* Coders at Work - Reflections on the craft of programming, Peter Seibel and Mitchell Dorian et al., Audiobook +* The Daily Stoic; Ryan Holiday, Stephen Hanselman; Profile Books +* Staff Engineer: Leadership beyond the management track; Will Larson; Audiobook +* Soft Skills; John Sommez; Manning Publications +* The Obstacle Is The Way; Ryan Holiday; Profile Books Ltd +* Getting Things Done; David Allen +* The Good Enough Job; Simone Stolzoff; Ebury Edge +* Atomic Habits; James Clear; Random House Business +* The Bullet Journal Method; Ryder Carroll; Fourth Estate +* The Joy of Missing Out; Christina Crook; New Society Publishers +* Solve for Happy; Mo Gawdat (RE-READ 1ST TIME) * Who Moved My Cheese?; Dr. Spencer Johnson; Vermilion +* 97 Things Every Engineering Manager Should Know; Camille Fournier; Audiobook +* Influence without Authority; A. Cohen, D. Bradford; Wiley +* Digital Minimalism; Cal Newport; Portofolio Penguin +* Search Inside Yourself - The Unexpected path to Achieving Success, Happiness (and World Peace); Chade-Meng Tan, Daniel Goleman, Jon Kabat-Zinn; HarperOne +* Ultralearning; Scott Young; Thorsons [Here are notes of mine for some of the books](../notes/index.md) @@ -147,22 +147,22 @@ In random order: Some of these were in-person with exams; others were online learning lectures only. In random order: -* The Ultimate Kubernetes Bootcamp; School of Devops; O'Reilly Online -* Red Hat Certified System Administrator; Course + certification (Although I had the option, I decided not to take the next course as it is more effective to self learn what I need) -* Protocol buffers; O'Reilly Online -* Scripting Vim; Damian Conway; O'Reilly Online * Cloud Operations on AWS - Learn how to configure, deploy, maintain, and troubleshoot your AWS environments; 3-day online live training with labs; Amazon +* Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Harold Abelson and more...; +* MySQL Deep Dive Workshop; 2-day on-site training +* F5 Loadbalancers Training; 2-day on-site training; F5, Inc. +* Scripting Vim; Damian Conway; O'Reilly Online * Functional programming lecture; Remote University of Hagen -* Linux Security and Isolation APIs Training; Michael Kerrisk; 3-day on-site training -* Ultimate Go Programming; Bill Kennedy; O'Reilly Online * Apache Tomcat Best Practises; 3-day on-site training +* The Ultimate Kubernetes Bootcamp; School of Devops; O'Reilly Online +* Protocol buffers; O'Reilly Online +* Red Hat Certified System Administrator; Course + certification (Although I had the option, I decided not to take the next course as it is more effective to self learn what I need) +* AWS Immersion Day; Amazon; 1-day interactive online training +* Linux Security and Isolation APIs Training; Michael Kerrisk; 3-day on-site training * Developing IaC with Terraform (with Live Lessons); O'Reilly Online -* Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Harold Abelson and more...; * Algorithms Video Lectures; Robert Sedgewick; O'Reilly Online -* AWS Immersion Day; Amazon; 1-day interactive online training +* Ultimate Go Programming; Bill Kennedy; O'Reilly Online * The Well-Grounded Rubyist Video Edition; David. A. Black; O'Reilly Online -* F5 Loadbalancers Training; 2-day on-site training; F5, Inc. -* MySQL Deep Dive Workshop; 2-day on-site training ## Technical guides @@ -178,58 +178,58 @@ These are not whole books, but guides (smaller or larger) which I found very use In random order: +* BSD Now [BSD] * Cup o' Go [Golang] -* Modern Mentor -* The ProdCast (Google SRE Podcast) +* Fallthrough [Golang] +* Backend Banter * Dev Interrupted -* Deep Questions with Cal Newport -* BSD Now [BSD] +* Hidden Brain * The Pragmatic Engineer Podcast +* Pratical AI +* Deep Questions with Cal Newport +* The ProdCast (Google SRE Podcast) * Wednesday Wisdom * The Changelog Podcast(s) -* Fork Around And Find Out +* Modern Mentor * Maintainable -* Pratical AI -* Hidden Brain -* Fallthrough [Golang] -* Backend Banter +* Fork Around And Find Out ### Podcasts I liked I liked them but am not listening to them anymore. The podcasts have either "finished" (no more episodes) or I stopped listening to them due to time constraints or a shift in my interests. -* Modern Mentor -* Ship It (predecessor of Fork Around And Find Out) -* FLOSS weekly -* Java Pub House * Go Time (predecessor of fallthrough) +* FLOSS weekly +* Ship It (predecessor of Fork Around And Find Out) +* Modern Mentor * CRE: Chaosradio Express [german] +* Java Pub House ## Newsletters I like This is a mix of tech and non-tech newsletters I am subscribed to. In random order: -* Applied Go Weekly Newsletter -* The Pragmatic Engineer -* The Valuable Dev +* The Imperfectionist * Monospace Mentor -* Register Spill * Golang Weekly -* The Imperfectionist -* Changelog News * VK Newsletter +* The Pragmatic Engineer +* byteSizeGo +* Register Spill * Andreas Brandhorst Newsletter (Sci-Fi author) +* The Valuable Dev * Ruby Weekly -* byteSizeGo +* Changelog News +* Applied Go Weekly Newsletter ## Magazines I like(d) This is a mix of tech I like(d). I may not be a current subscriber, but now and then, I buy an issue. In random order: -* LWN (online only) -* Linux Magazine * freeX (not published anymore) +* LWN (online only) * Linux User +* Linux Magazine ## YouTube channels diff --git a/about/showcase.md b/about/showcase.md index 3741fe84..295d5677 100644 --- a/about/showcase.md +++ b/about/showcase.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Project Showcase -Generated on: 2026-03-12 +Generated on: 2026-03-27 This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project does, its technical implementation, and key metrics. Each project summary includes information about the programming languages used, development activity, releases, and licensing. The projects are ranked by score, which combines recent activity, project size, tag history, and whether the project has shipped a release. @@ -9,160 +9,165 @@ This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project * [⇢ Project Showcase](#project-showcase) * [⇢ ⇢ Overall Statistics](#overall-statistics) * [⇢ ⇢ Projects](#projects) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 1. ior 1←1](#1-ior-11) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 2. timesamurai 2](#2-timesamurai-2) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 3. hexai 3↙2](#3-hexai-32) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 4. dotfiles 4↙3](#4-dotfiles-43) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 5. loadbars 5↖47](#5-loadbars-547) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 6. foostore 6↖7](#6-foostore-67) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 7. epimetheus 7↙4](#7-epimetheus-74) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 8. conf 8↙5](#8-conf-85) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 9. scifi 9↙8](#9-scifi-98) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 10. gitsyncer 10↖15](#10-gitsyncer-1015) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 11. log4jbench 11↙9](#11-log4jbench-119) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 12. rcm 12↙10](#12-rcm-1210) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 13. yoga 13↙12](#13-yoga-1312) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 14. gogios 14↙11](#14-gogios-1411) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 15. totalrecall 15↙14](#15-totalrecall-1514) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 16. perc 16↙13](#16-perc-1613) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 17. tasksamurai 17↙16](#17-tasksamurai-1716) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 18. gos 18←18](#18-gos-1818) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 19. foostats 19↙17](#19-foostats-1917) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 20. timr 20↙19](#20-timr-2019) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 21. dtail 21↙20](#21-dtail-2120) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 22. wireguardmeshgenerator 22↖23](#22-wireguardmeshgenerator-2223) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 23. gemtexter 23↙22](#23-gemtexter-2322) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 24. goprecords 24←24](#24-goprecords-2424) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 25. ds-sim 25↙21](#25-ds-sim-2521) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 26. quicklogger 26↙25](#26-quicklogger-2625) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 27. sillybench 27←27](#27-sillybench-2727) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 28. terraform 28↙26](#28-terraform-2826) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 29. guprecords 29←29](#29-guprecords-2929) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 30. geheim 30←30](#30-geheim-3030) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 31. gorum 31↙28](#31-gorum-3128) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 32. docker-radicale-server 32↙31](#32-docker-radicale-server-3231) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 33. photoalbum 33↖34](#33-photoalbum-3334) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 34. randomjournalpage 34↙33](#34-randomjournalpage-3433) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 35. ioriot 35←35](#35-ioriot-3535) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 36. algorithms 36↙32](#36-algorithms-3632) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 37. ipv6test 37↙36](#37-ipv6test-3736) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 38. staticfarm-apache-handlers 38↖40](#38-staticfarm-apache-handlers-3840) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 39. sway-autorotate 39↙38](#39-sway-autorotate-3938) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 40. mon 40↙39](#40-mon-4039) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 41. fapi 41↖44](#41-fapi-4144) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 42. pingdomfetch 42↙41](#42-pingdomfetch-4241) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 43. fype 43↙37](#43-fype-4337) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 44. pwgrep 44↖50](#44-pwgrep-4450) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 45. xerl 45↙42](#45-xerl-4542) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 46. awksite 46↖61](#46-awksite-4661) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 47. gotop 47↖48](#47-gotop-4748) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 48. japi 48↖53](#48-japi-4853) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 49. perldaemon 49↖51](#49-perldaemon-4951) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 50. rubyfy 50↙49](#50-rubyfy-5049) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 51. perl-c-fibonacci 51↙45](#51-perl-c-fibonacci-5145) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 52. netdiff 52↖56](#52-netdiff-5256) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 53. jsmstrade 53↙52](#53-jsmstrade-5352) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 54. muttdelay 54↖55](#54-muttdelay-5455) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 55. netcalendar 55↙46](#55-netcalendar-5546) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 56. cpuinfo 56↖59](#56-cpuinfo-5659) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 57. template 57↖60](#57-template-5760) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 58. dyndns 58↖62](#58-dyndns-5862) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 59. debroid 59↙57](#59-debroid-5957) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 60. perl-poetry 60↙54](#60-perl-poetry-6054) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 61. hsbot 61↙58](#61-hsbot-6158) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 62. ychat 62↙43](#62-ychat-6243) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 63. vs-sim 63←63](#63-vs-sim-6363) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 64. foo.zone 64↙6](#64-foozone-646) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 1. hexai 1←1↖3↙2](#1-hexai-1132) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 2. gt 2](#2-gt-2) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 3. hypr 3](#3-hypr-3) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 4. dotfiles 4↙3↖4↙3](#4-dotfiles-4343) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 5. snonux 5](#5-snonux-5) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 6. dtail 6↙2↖21↙20](#6-dtail-622120) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 7. conf 7↖9↙8↙5](#7-conf-7985) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 8. ior 8↙4↙1←1](#8-ior-8411) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 9. timesamurai 9↙5↙2](#9-timesamurai-952) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 10. loadbars 10↙6↙5↖47](#10-loadbars-106547) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 11. foostore 11↙7↙6↖7](#11-foostore-11767) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 12. ds-sim 12↖25←25↙21](#12-ds-sim-12252521) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 13. epimetheus 13↙8↙7↙4](#13-epimetheus-13874) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 14. gitsyncer 14↙11↙10↖15](#14-gitsyncer-14111015) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 15. scifi 15↙10↙9↙8](#15-scifi-151098) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 16. rcm 16↙12←12↙10](#16-rcm-16121210) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 17. yoga 17↙13←13↙12](#17-yoga-17131312) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 18. totalrecall 18↙15←15↙14](#18-totalrecall-18151514) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 19. gogios 19↙16↙14↙11](#19-gogios-19161411) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 20. log4jbench 20↙14↙11↙9](#20-log4jbench-2014119) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 21. perc 21↙17↙16↙13](#21-perc-21171613) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 22. tasksamurai 22↙18↙17↙16](#22-tasksamurai-22181716) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 23. gos 23↙19↙18←18](#23-gos-23191818) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 24. foostats 24↙20↙19↙17](#24-foostats-24201917) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 25. timr 25↙21↙20↙19](#25-timr-25212019) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 26. gemtexter 26↙22↖23↙22](#26-gemtexter-26222322) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 27. wireguardmeshgenerator 27↙23↙22↖23](#27-wireguardmeshgenerator-27232223) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 28. goprecords 28↙24←24←24](#28-goprecords-28242424) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 29. ioriot 29↖34↖35←35](#29-ioriot-29343535) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 30. quicklogger 30↙26←26↙25](#30-quicklogger-30262625) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 31. sillybench 31↙27←27←27](#31-sillybench-31272727) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 32. terraform 32↙28←28↙26](#32-terraform-32282826) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 33. geheim 33↙29↖30←30](#33-geheim-33293030) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 34. gorum 34↙30↖31↙28](#34-gorum-34303128) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 35. docker-radicale-server 35↙31↖32↙31](#35-docker-radicale-server-35313231) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 36. photoalbum 36↙32↖33↖34](#36-photoalbum-36323334) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 37. randomjournalpage 37↙33↖34↙33](#37-randomjournalpage-37333433) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 38. algorithms 38↙35↖36↙32](#38-algorithms-38353632) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 39. ipv6test 39↙36↖37↙36](#39-ipv6test-39363736) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 40. staticfarm-apache-handlers 40↙37↖38↖40](#40-staticfarm-apache-handlers-40373840) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 41. sway-autorotate 41↙38↖39↙38](#41-sway-autorotate-41383938) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 42. guprecords 42↙39↙29←29](#42-guprecords-42392929) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 43. mon 43↙40←40↙39](#43-mon-43404039) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 44. fapi 44↙41←41↖44](#44-fapi-44414144) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 45. pingdomfetch 45↙42←42↙41](#45-pingdomfetch-45424241) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 46. fype 46↙43←43↙37](#46-fype-46434337) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 47. pwgrep 47↙44←44↖50](#47-pwgrep-47444450) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 48. xerl 48↙45←45↙42](#48-xerl-48454542) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 49. awksite 49↙46←46↖61](#49-awksite-49464661) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 50. gotop 50↙47←47↖48](#50-gotop-50474748) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 51. japi 51↙48←48↖53](#51-japi-51484853) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 52. rubyfy 52↙49↖50↙49](#52-rubyfy-52495049) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 53. perl-c-fibonacci 53↙50↖51↙45](#53-perl-c-fibonacci-53505145) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 54. netdiff 54↙51↖52↖56](#54-netdiff-54515256) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 55. perldaemon 55↙52↙49↖51](#55-perldaemon-55524951) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 56. jsmstrade 56↙53←53↙52](#56-jsmstrade-56535352) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 57. muttdelay 57↙54←54↖55](#57-muttdelay-57545455) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 58. netcalendar 58↙55←55↙46](#58-netcalendar-58555546) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 59. vs-sim 59↙56↖63←63](#59-vs-sim-59566363) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 60. cpuinfo 60↙57↙56↖59](#60-cpuinfo-60575659) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 61. template 61↙58↙57↖60](#61-template-61585760) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 62. dyndns 62↙59↙58↖62](#62-dyndns-62595862) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 63. debroid 63↙60↙59↙57](#63-debroid-63605957) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 64. perl-poetry 64↙61↙60↙54](#64-perl-poetry-64616054) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 65. hsbot 65↙62↙61↙58](#65-hsbot-65626158) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 66. ychat 66↙63↙62↙43](#66-ychat-66636243) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 67. snonux.foo 67](#67-snonuxfoo-67) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ 68. foo.zone 68↙64←64↙6](#68-foozone-6864646) ## Overall Statistics -* 📦 Total Projects: 64 -* 📊 Total Commits: 13,595 -* 📈 Total Lines of Code: 334,197 -* 📄 Total Lines of Documentation: 46,922 -* 💻 Languages: Go (53.7%), Java (12.3%), C (5.8%), CSS (5.3%), YAML (4.7%), Perl (4.3%), HTML (2.9%), Shell (2.6%), Python (2.1%), C/C++ (1.3%), JSON (1.1%), Config (1.0%), Ruby (0.9%), HCL (0.8%), Make (0.4%), XML (0.2%), Haskell (0.2%), JavaScript (0.1%), Raku (0.1%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (74.1%), Text (24.7%), LaTeX (1.2%) -* 🚀 Release Status: 42 released, 22 experimental (65.6% with releases, 34.4% experimental) +* 📦 Total Projects: 68 +* 📊 Total Commits: 13,714 +* 📈 Total Lines of Code: 386,291 +* 📄 Total Lines of Documentation: 269,903 +* 💻 Languages: Go (57.9%), Java (15.5%), C (5.3%), YAML (4.1%), Perl (3.7%), Shell (2.7%), Ruby (1.9%), TypeScript (1.4%), HTML (1.3%), C/C++ (1.1%), CSS (1.0%), Config (0.8%), Python (0.7%), HCL (0.7%), JSON (0.5%), Make (0.4%), TOML (0.3%), XML (0.2%), Haskell (0.2%), JavaScript (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (82.8%), Markdown (15.9%), LaTeX (1.3%) +* 🚀 Release Status: 44 released, 24 experimental (64.7% with releases, 35.3% experimental) ## Projects -### 1. ior 1←1 +### 1. hexai 1←1↖3↙2 -* 💻 Languages: Go (88.9%), C (10.6%), JSON (0.3%), C/C++ (0.2%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (85.8%), Text (14.2%) -* 📊 Commits: 732 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 55808 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3394 -* 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2024-01-18 to 2026-03-11 -* 🏆 Score: 111.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 503 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 43837 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 4368 +* 🏷️ Tags: 76 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-08-01 to 2026-03-27 +* 🏆 Score: 436.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.27.1 (2026-03-27) -[](showcase/ior/image-1.png) +[](showcase/hexai/image-1.png) -> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. +Hexai, the AI addition for your Helix Editor (https://helix-editor.com) .. Other editors should work but weren't tested. -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ior) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ior) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/hexai) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/hexai) --- -### 2. timesamurai 2 +### 2. gt 2 -* 💻 Languages: Go (99.2%), Shell (0.6%), YAML (0.1%) +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.4%), YAML (0.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 91 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 9493 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 112 -* 🏷️ Tags: 4 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 59.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 📊 Commits: 168 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 10028 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 301 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-11-25 to 2026-03-26 +* 🏆 Score: 219.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: MIT -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.7.0 (2026-03-05) +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.4.1 (2026-03-26) -> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. +A simple AI-engineered command-line percentage calculator written in Go. No frontier AI models from Claude, OpenAI, Google, ec, were used for this project. The ones used were: -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/timesamurai) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/timesamurai) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/gt) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/gt) --- -### 3. hexai 3↙2 +### 3. hypr 3 -* 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) +* 💻 Languages: TypeScript (46.4%), Ruby (33.4%), TOML (6.8%), Python (6.6%), Shell (3.5%), JSON (3.3%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 377 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 31218 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 4089 -* 🏷️ Tags: 50 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-08-01 to 2026-03-10 -* 🏆 Score: 50.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 📊 Commits: 69 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 12072 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3062 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-03-21 to 2026-03-27 +* 🏆 Score: 115.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.21.0 (2026-02-12) +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) -[](showcase/hexai/image-1.png) +[](showcase/hypr/image-1.svg) -Hexai, the AI addition for your Helix Editor (https://helix-editor.com) .. Other editors should work but weren't tested. +Automates Hyperstack GPU VM lifecycle: create, bootstrap, WireGuard tunnel, and vLLM inference. +Runs two A100 VMs concurrently — each serving a different model — with [Pi](https://pi.dev) coding agents connected to each. -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/hexai) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/hexai) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/hypr) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/hypr) --- -### 4. dotfiles 4↙3 +### 4. dotfiles 4↙3↖4↙3 -* 💻 Languages: Shell (66.6%), CSS (10.9%), Config (10.1%), TOML (10.0%), JSON (1.1%), Ruby (1.0%), INI (0.2%) +* 💻 Languages: Shell (65.1%), CSS (10.5%), Config (9.9%), TOML (9.7%), JSON (3.6%), Ruby (1.0%), INI (0.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 845 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 2990 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 5386 +* 📊 Commits: 897 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 3107 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 7850 * 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2023-07-30 to 2026-03-10 -* 🏆 Score: 35.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 📅 Development Period: 2023-07-30 to 2026-03-27 +* 🏆 Score: 58.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -174,7 +179,116 @@ These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workst --- -### 5. loadbars 5↖47 +### 5. snonux 5 + +* 💻 Languages: CSS (65.9%), Go (27.0%), HTML (5.8%), TOML (0.6%), XML (0.6%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (89.3%), Text (10.7%) +* 📊 Commits: 16 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 3077 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 205 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-03-21 to 2026-03-22 +* 🏆 Score: 51.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +**WIP** - A microblog generator project + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/snonux) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/snonux) + +--- + +### 6. dtail 6↙2↖21↙20 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (93.4%), Shell (3.0%), JSON (1.6%), C (1.0%), Make (0.7%), C/C++ (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (98.1%), Markdown (1.9%) +* 📊 Commits: 640 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 37822 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 220523 +* 🏷️ Tags: 27 +* 📅 Development Period: 2020-01-09 to 2026-03-20 +* 🏆 Score: 43.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v4.3.3 (2024-08-23) + + +[](showcase/dtail/image-1.png) + +DTail (a distributed tail program) is a DevOps tool for engineers programmed in Google Go for following (tailing), catting and grepping (including gzip and zstd decompression support) log files on many machines concurrently. An advanced feature of DTail is to execute distributed MapReduce aggregations across many devices. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/dtail) + +--- + +### 7. conf 7↖9↙8↙5 + +* 💻 Languages: YAML (82.4%), Perl (10.1%), Shell (3.9%), Python (2.3%), Docker (0.7%), Ruby (0.2%), Config (0.2%), HTML (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (97.0%), Text (3.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 829 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 18770 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 6305 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2021-12-28 to 2026-03-22 +* 🏆 Score: 31.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +This is my personal config repository. Including... + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/conf) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/conf) + +--- + +### 8. ior 8↙4↙1←1 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (89.5%), C (10.0%), JSON (0.3%), C/C++ (0.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (82.7%), Text (17.3%) +* 📊 Commits: 759 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 58935 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 2789 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-01-18 to 2026-03-19 +* 🏆 Score: 27.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +[](showcase/ior/image-1.png) + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ior) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ior) + +--- + +### 9. timesamurai 9↙5↙2 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.3%), Shell (0.6%), YAML (0.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 96 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 10363 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 112 +* 🏷️ Tags: 5 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-03-26 +* 🏆 Score: 26.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.8.0 (2026-03-26) + + +> **🚧 PRE-ALPHA SOFTWARE:** This project is in a pre-alpha state and is intended for my own personal use only. Use at your own risk. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/timesamurai) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/timesamurai) + +--- + +### 10. loadbars 10↙6↙5↖47 * 💻 Languages: Go (92.8%), Shell (7.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -183,7 +297,7 @@ These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workst * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 328 * 🏷️ Tags: 47 * 📅 Development Period: 2010-11-05 to 2026-03-02 -* 🏆 Score: 25.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 16.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.11.1 (2026-02-17) @@ -197,7 +311,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 6. foostore 6↖7 +### 11. foostore 11↙7↙6↖7 * 💻 Languages: Go (98.4%), Shell (1.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -206,7 +320,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 250 * 🏷️ Tags: 9 * 📅 Development Period: 2018-05-26 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 17.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 12.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.5.3 (2026-03-02) @@ -218,7 +332,30 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 7. epimetheus 7↙4 +### 12. ds-sim 12↖25←25↙21 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (98.6%), Shell (0.9%), CSS (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (98.7%), Text (1.3%) +* 📊 Commits: 473 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 28576 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3101 +* 🏷️ Tags: 2 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2026-03-27 +* 🏆 Score: 12.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 1.1.0 (2026-03-27) + + +[](showcase/ds-sim/image-1.png) + +DS-Sim is a open-source simulator for distributed systems, written in Java. It provides a powerful environment for simulating and learning about distributed systems concepts. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ds-sim) + +--- + +### 13. epimetheus 13↙8↙7↙4 * 💻 Languages: Go (85.2%), Shell (14.8%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -227,7 +364,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 1736 * 🏷️ Tags: 0 * 📅 Development Period: 2026-02-07 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 14.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 9.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -241,60 +378,18 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 8. conf 8↙5 - -* 💻 Languages: YAML (80.7%), Perl (9.9%), Shell (6.0%), Python (2.3%), Docker (0.7%), Config (0.2%), HTML (0.1%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (97.1%), Text (2.9%) -* 📊 Commits: 791 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 19132 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 6572 -* 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2021-12-28 to 2026-02-15 -* 🏆 Score: 11.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) - - -This is my personal config repository. Including... - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/conf) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/conf) - ---- - -### 9. scifi 9↙8 - -* 💻 Languages: JSON (35.9%), CSS (30.6%), JavaScript (29.6%), HTML (3.8%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 23 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 1664 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 853 -* 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-25 to 2026-01-27 -* 🏆 Score: 7.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) - - -A static HTML page showcasing a science fiction book collection. Works fully offline with all assets stored locally. - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/scifi) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/scifi) - ---- - -### 10. gitsyncer 10↖15 +### 14. gitsyncer 14↙11↙10↖15 -* 💻 Languages: Go (93.4%), Shell (6.3%), JSON (0.3%) +* 💻 Languages: Go (93.5%), Shell (6.2%), JSON (0.3%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 132 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 11821 +* 📊 Commits: 137 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 11973 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 2456 -* 🏷️ Tags: 34 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-23 to 2026-03-11 -* 🏆 Score: 5.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏷️ Tags: 38 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-23 to 2026-03-19 +* 🏆 Score: 6.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: BSD-2-Clause -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.15.4 (2026-03-11) +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.15.8 (2026-03-19) GitSyncer is a tool for synchronizing git repositories between multiple organizations (e.g., GitHub and Codeberg). It automatically keeps all branches in sync across different git hosting platforms. @@ -304,37 +399,37 @@ GitSyncer is a tool for synchronizing git repositories between multiple organiza --- -### 11. log4jbench 11↙9 +### 15. scifi 15↙10↙9↙8 -* 💻 Languages: Java (78.9%), XML (21.1%) +* 💻 Languages: JSON (36.6%), JavaScript (30.2%), CSS (29.6%), HTML (3.7%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 4 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 774 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 119 +* 📊 Commits: 27 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 1724 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 874 * 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-09 to 2026-01-09 -* 🏆 Score: 5.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-25 to 2026-03-13 +* 🏆 Score: 6.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found * 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) -A minimal Java tool to benchmark Log4j2 logging throughput with configurable concurrent threads and various logging configurations. +A static HTML page showcasing a science fiction book collection. Works fully offline with all assets stored locally. -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/log4jbench) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/log4jbench) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/scifi) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/scifi) --- -### 12. rcm 12↙10 +### 16. rcm 16↙12←12↙10 * 💻 Languages: Ruby (99.6%), TOML (0.4%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 109 +* 📊 Commits: 113 * 📈 Lines of Code: 1719 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 778 * 🏷️ Tags: 3 * 📅 Development Period: 2024-12-05 to 2026-03-02 -* 🏆 Score: 5.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 4.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1.1 (2026-03-01) @@ -348,7 +443,7 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, --- -### 13. yoga 13↙12 +### 17. yoga 17↙13←13↙12 * 💻 Languages: Go (69.1%), HTML (30.9%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -357,7 +452,7 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 196 * 🏷️ Tags: 9 * 📅 Development Period: 2025-10-01 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 4.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 4.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.4.0 (2026-01-28) @@ -371,7 +466,30 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, --- -### 14. gogios 14↙11 +### 18. totalrecall 18↙15←15↙14 + +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.0%), Shell (0.5%), YAML (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (99.5%), Text (0.5%) +* 📊 Commits: 109 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 13424 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 377 +* 🏷️ Tags: 18 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-07-14 to 2026-03-08 +* 🏆 Score: 4.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: MIT +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.8.3 (2026-03-08) + + +[](showcase/totalrecall/image-1.png) + +`totalrecall` is a versatile tool for generating Anki flashcard materials from Bulgarian words. It offers both a command-line interface (CLI) and a graphical user interface (GUI) for creating audio pronunciation files and AI-generated images. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/totalrecall) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/totalrecall) + +--- + +### 19. gogios 19↙16↙14↙11 * 💻 Languages: Go (98.9%), JSON (0.6%), YAML (0.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (94.9%), Text (5.1%) @@ -380,7 +498,7 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 394 * 🏷️ Tags: 10 * 📅 Development Period: 2023-04-17 to 2026-02-16 -* 🏆 Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 4.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License * 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.4.1 (2026-02-16) @@ -394,30 +512,28 @@ Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large- --- -### 15. totalrecall 15↙14 +### 20. log4jbench 20↙14↙11↙9 -* 💻 Languages: Go (99.0%), Shell (0.5%), YAML (0.4%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (99.5%), Text (0.5%) -* 📊 Commits: 109 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 13424 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 377 -* 🏷️ Tags: 18 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-07-14 to 2026-03-08 -* 🏆 Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 💻 Languages: Java (78.9%), XML (21.1%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 4 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 774 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 119 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-01-09 to 2026-01-09 +* 🏆 Score: 4.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: MIT -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.8.3 (2026-03-08) - +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) -[](showcase/totalrecall/image-1.png) -`totalrecall` is a versatile tool for generating Anki flashcard materials from Bulgarian words. It offers both a command-line interface (CLI) and a graphical user interface (GUI) for creating audio pronunciation files and AI-generated images. +A minimal Java tool to benchmark Log4j2 logging throughput with configurable concurrent threads and various logging configurations. -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/totalrecall) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/totalrecall) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/log4jbench) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/log4jbench) --- -### 16. perc 16↙13 +### 21. perc 21↙17↙16↙13 * 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -426,7 +542,7 @@ Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large- * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 80 * 🏷️ Tags: 3 * 📅 Development Period: 2025-11-25 to 2025-11-25 -* 🏆 Score: 4.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 3.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.1.0 (2025-11-25) @@ -438,18 +554,18 @@ A simple vibe-coded command-line percentage calculator written in Go. --- -### 17. tasksamurai 17↙16 +### 22. tasksamurai 22↙18↙17↙16 * 💻 Languages: Go (99.8%), YAML (0.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 235 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 6567 +* 📊 Commits: 236 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 6577 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 251 -* 🏷️ Tags: 10 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-19 to 2026-03-05 -* 🏆 Score: 3.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏷️ Tags: 11 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-19 to 2026-03-23 +* 🏆 Score: 3.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: BSD-2-Clause -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.11.4 (2026-03-05) +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.12.0 (2026-03-23) [](showcase/tasksamurai/image-1.png) @@ -461,18 +577,18 @@ Task Samurai invokes the `task` command to read and modify tasks. The tasks are --- -### 18. gos 18←18 +### 23. gos 23↙19↙18←18 -* 💻 Languages: Go (99.5%), Shell (0.2%), JSON (0.2%) +* 💻 Languages: Go (99.5%), JSON (0.2%), Shell (0.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 402 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 4143 +* 📊 Commits: 405 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 4378 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 477 -* 🏷️ Tags: 13 -* 📅 Development Period: 2024-05-04 to 2026-02-28 -* 🏆 Score: 2.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏷️ Tags: 15 +* 📅 Development Period: 2024-05-04 to 2026-03-13 +* 🏆 Score: 2.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.2.4 (2026-02-17) +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.2.6 (2026-03-13) [](showcase/gos/image-1.png) @@ -484,7 +600,7 @@ Gos is a Go-based replacement for Buffer.com, providing the ability to schedule --- -### 19. foostats 19↙17 +### 24. foostats 24↙20↙19↙17 * 💻 Languages: Perl (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (54.6%), Text (45.4%) @@ -493,7 +609,7 @@ Gos is a Go-based replacement for Buffer.com, providing the ability to schedule * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 423 * 🏷️ Tags: 2 * 📅 Development Period: 2023-01-02 to 2025-11-01 -* 🏆 Score: 2.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 2.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.2.0 (2025-10-21) @@ -505,7 +621,7 @@ A privacy-respecting web analytics tool for OpenBSD that processes HTTP/HTTPS an --- -### 20. timr 20↙19 +### 25. timr 25↙21↙20↙19 * 💻 Languages: Go (96.0%), Shell (4.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -514,7 +630,7 @@ A privacy-respecting web analytics tool for OpenBSD that processes HTTP/HTTPS an * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 99 * 🏷️ Tags: 5 * 📅 Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-01-02 -* 🏆 Score: 2.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 2.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: MIT * 🏷️ Latest Release: v0.3.0 (2026-01-02) @@ -526,38 +642,36 @@ A simple command-line tool to track time spent on tasks. It has been primarily c --- -### 21. dtail 21↙20 - -* 💻 Languages: Go (93.9%), JSON (2.8%), C (2.0%), Make (0.5%), C/C++ (0.3%), Config (0.2%), Shell (0.2%), Docker (0.1%) -* 📚 Documentation: Text (79.4%), Markdown (20.6%) -* 📊 Commits: 1104 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 20091 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 5674 -* 🏷️ Tags: 27 -* 📅 Development Period: 2020-01-09 to 2025-06-20 -* 🏆 Score: 2.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v4.3.3 (2024-08-23) +### 26. gemtexter 26↙22↖23↙22 +* 💻 Languages: Shell (70.8%), CSS (26.2%), Config (1.8%), HTML (1.2%) +* 📚 Documentation: Text (76.1%), Markdown (23.9%) +* 📊 Commits: 477 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 2491 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 1180 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2026-03-12 +* 🏆 Score: 2.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: GPL-3.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 3.0.0 (2024-10-01) -[](showcase/dtail/image-1.png) -DTail (a distributed tail program) is a DevOps tool for engineers programmed in Google Go for following (tailing), catting and grepping (including gzip and zstd decompression support) log files on many machines concurrently. An advanced feature of DTail is to execute distributed MapReduce aggregations across many devices. +This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All content is written in Gemini Gemtext format, but the script `gemtexter` generates multiple other static output formats (with zero JavaScript) from it. You can reach the site(s)... -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/dtail) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/gemtexter) --- -### 22. wireguardmeshgenerator 22↖23 +### 27. wireguardmeshgenerator 27↙23↙22↖23 -* 💻 Languages: Ruby (65.4%), YAML (34.6%) +* 💻 Languages: Ruby (63.5%), YAML (36.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 36 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 563 +* 📊 Commits: 37 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 583 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 24 * 🏷️ Tags: 1 -* 📅 Development Period: 2025-04-18 to 2026-01-20 +* 📅 Development Period: 2025-04-18 to 2026-03-18 * 🏆 Score: 1.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: Custom License * 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2025-05-11) @@ -570,28 +684,7 @@ Have a look at the `wireguardmeshgenerator.yaml` --- -### 23. gemtexter 23↙22 - -* 💻 Languages: CSS (55.3%), Python (16.1%), HTML (15.3%), JSON (6.6%), Shell (5.3%), Config (1.5%) -* 📚 Documentation: Text (70.2%), Markdown (29.8%) -* 📊 Commits: 480 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 30319 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 1280 -* 🏷️ Tags: 6 -* 📅 Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2025-06-22 -* 🏆 Score: 1.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: GPL-3.0 -* 🏷️ Latest Release: 3.0.0 (2024-10-01) - - -This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All content is written in Gemini Gemtext format, but the script `gemtexter` generates multiple other static output formats (with zero JavaScript) from it. You can reach the site(s)... - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/gemtexter) - ---- - -### 24. goprecords 24←24 +### 28. goprecords 28↙24←24←24 * 💻 Languages: Go (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -612,30 +705,30 @@ This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All conten --- -### 25. ds-sim 25↙21 +### 29. ioriot 29↖34↖35←35 -* 💻 Languages: Java (98.9%), Shell (0.6%), CSS (0.5%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (98.7%), Text (1.3%) -* 📊 Commits: 438 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 25762 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3101 -* 🏷️ Tags: 0 -* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2025-06-27 +* 💻 Languages: C (58.7%), C/C++ (22.5%), Config (17.9%), Make (1.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 84 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 13609 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 899 +* 🏷️ Tags: 8 +* 📅 Development Period: 2018-03-01 to 2026-03-19 * 🏆 Score: 1.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: Custom License -* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) +* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 +* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.5.1 (2019-01-04) -[](showcase/ds-sim/image-1.png) +[](showcase/ioriot/image-1.png) -DS-Sim is a open-source simulator for distributed systems, written in Java. It provides a powerful environment for simulating and learning about distributed systems concepts. +...is an I/O benchmarking tool for Linux based operating systems which captures I/O operations on a (possibly production) server in order to replay the exact same I/O operations on a load test machine. -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ds-sim) +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ioriot) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ioriot) --- -### 26. quicklogger 26↙25 +### 30. quicklogger 30↙26←26↙25 * 💻 Languages: Go (96.4%), XML (1.8%), Shell (1.1%), TOML (0.7%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -658,7 +751,7 @@ This is a tiny GUI app written in Go using the Fyne framework to quickly log a m --- -### 27. sillybench 27←27 +### 31. sillybench 31↙27←27←27 * 💻 Languages: Go (90.9%), Shell (9.1%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -667,7 +760,7 @@ This is a tiny GUI app written in Go using the Fyne framework to quickly log a m * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 3 * 🏷️ Tags: 0 * 📅 Development Period: 2025-04-03 to 2025-04-03 -* 🏆 Score: 0.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* 🏆 Score: 0.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found * 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -679,7 +772,7 @@ To compare how fast this runs on FreeBSD vs a Linux Bhyve VM --- -### 28. terraform 28↙26 +### 32. terraform 32↙28←28↙26 * 💻 Languages: HCL (96.6%), Make (1.9%), YAML (1.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -700,28 +793,7 @@ Go to AWS Secrets manager manually and create it! --- -### 29. guprecords 29←29 - -* 💻 Languages: Raku (100.0%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 97 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 383 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 425 -* 🏷️ Tags: 1 -* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 0.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2023-04-29) - - -guprecords: source code repository. - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/guprecords) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/guprecords) - ---- - -### 30. geheim 30←30 +### 33. geheim 33↙29↖30←30 * 💻 Languages: Ruby (86.7%), Shell (13.3%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -742,7 +814,7 @@ guprecords: source code repository. --- -### 31. gorum 31↙28 +### 34. gorum 34↙30↖31↙28 * 💻 Languages: Go (91.3%), JSON (6.4%), YAML (2.3%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -763,7 +835,7 @@ Gogios is a minimalistic quorum manager. --- -### 32. docker-radicale-server 32↙31 +### 35. docker-radicale-server 35↙31↖32↙31 * 💻 Languages: Make (57.5%), Docker (42.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -784,7 +856,7 @@ For the Radicale server https://radicale.org --- -### 33. photoalbum 33↖34 +### 36. photoalbum 36↙32↖33↖34 * 💻 Languages: Shell (80.1%), Make (12.3%), Config (7.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -807,7 +879,7 @@ The resulting static photo album is pure HTML+CSS (without any JavaScript!). --- -### 34. randomjournalpage 34↙33 +### 37. randomjournalpage 37↙33↖34↙33 * 💻 Languages: Shell (94.1%), Make (5.9%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -829,31 +901,7 @@ This is a quick and dirty script which I use personally to grab a random PDF fil --- -### 35. ioriot 35←35 - -* 💻 Languages: C (55.5%), C/C++ (24.0%), Config (19.6%), Make (1.0%) -* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 50 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 12420 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 610 -* 🏷️ Tags: 8 -* 📅 Development Period: 2018-03-01 to 2020-01-22 -* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: Apache-2.0 -* 🏷️ Latest Release: 0.5.1 (2019-01-04) - -⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. - -[](showcase/ioriot/image-1.png) - -...is an I/O benchmarking tool for Linux based operating systems which captures I/O operations on a (possibly production) server in order to replay the exact same I/O operations on a load test machine. - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ioriot) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/ioriot) - ---- - -### 36. algorithms 36↙32 +### 38. algorithms 38↙35↖36↙32 * 💻 Languages: Go (99.2%), Make (0.8%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -875,7 +923,7 @@ This includes exercises from the Algorithms lecture. Well, this is just a refres --- -### 37. ipv6test 37↙36 +### 39. ipv6test 39↙36↖37↙36 * 💻 Languages: Perl (65.8%), Docker (34.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -896,7 +944,7 @@ This is a quick and dirty Perl-based IPv6 test website. --- -### 38. staticfarm-apache-handlers 38↖40 +### 40. staticfarm-apache-handlers 40↙37↖38↖40 * 💻 Languages: Perl (96.4%), Make (3.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -919,7 +967,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 39. sway-autorotate 39↙38 +### 41. sway-autorotate 41↙38↖39↙38 * 💻 Languages: Shell (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -940,7 +988,27 @@ This is a fork of https://github.com/tedk0n/autorotate_sway_script --- -### 40. mon 40↙39 +### 42. guprecords 42↙39↙29←29 + +* 💻 Languages: Raku (100.0%) +* 📊 Commits: 97 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 195 +* 🏷️ Tags: 1 +* 📅 Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2023-03-09 +* 🏆 Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: No license found +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2023-04-29) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +guprecords: source code repository. + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/guprecords) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/guprecords) + +--- + +### 43. mon 43↙40←40↙39 * 💻 Languages: Perl (96.5%), Shell (1.8%), Make (1.2%), Config (0.4%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -963,7 +1031,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 41. fapi 41↖44 +### 44. fapi 44↙41←41↖44 * 💻 Languages: Python (96.6%), Make (3.1%), Config (0.3%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (98.3%), Markdown (1.7%) @@ -986,7 +1054,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 42. pingdomfetch 42↙41 +### 45. pingdomfetch 45↙42←42↙41 * 💻 Languages: Perl (97.3%), Make (2.7%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1009,7 +1077,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 43. fype 43↙37 +### 46. fype 46↙43←43↙37 * 💻 Languages: C (77.3%), C/C++ (13.1%), HTML (7.5%), Make (2.1%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (65.8%), LaTeX (20.5%), Markdown (13.7%) @@ -1030,7 +1098,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 44. pwgrep 44↖50 +### 47. pwgrep 47↙44←44↖50 * 💻 Languages: Shell (85.0%), Make (15.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (75.0%), Markdown (25.0%) @@ -1051,7 +1119,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 45. xerl 45↙42 +### 48. xerl 48↙45←45↙42 * 💻 Languages: Perl (98.3%), Config (1.2%), Make (0.5%) * 📊 Commits: 671 @@ -1070,10 +1138,10 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 46. awksite 46↖61 +### 49. awksite 49↙46←46↖61 * 💻 Languages: AWK (72.1%), HTML (16.4%), Config (11.5%) -* 📚 Documentation: Text (50.0%), Markdown (50.0%) +* 📚 Documentation: Markdown (50.0%), Text (50.0%) * 📊 Commits: 4 * 📈 Lines of Code: 122 * 📄 Lines of Documentation: 12 @@ -1091,7 +1159,7 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 47. gotop 47↖48 +### 50. gotop 50↙47←47↖48 * 💻 Languages: Go (98.0%), Make (2.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (60.0%), Text (40.0%) @@ -1112,7 +1180,7 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 48. japi 48↖53 +### 51. japi 51↙48←48↖53 * 💻 Languages: Perl (78.3%), Make (21.7%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1135,27 +1203,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 49. perldaemon 49↖51 - -* 💻 Languages: Perl (72.7%), Shell (23.9%), Config (3.4%) -* 📊 Commits: 111 -* 📈 Lines of Code: 611 -* 🏷️ Tags: 6 -* 📅 Development Period: 2011-02-05 to 2026-03-07 -* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* ⚖️ License: Custom License -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.4 (2022-04-29) - - -PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other UNIX a like operating system -programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... - -[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon) -[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/perldaemon) - ---- - -### 50. rubyfy 50↙49 +### 52. rubyfy 52↙49↖50↙49 * 💻 Languages: Ruby (98.5%), JSON (1.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1176,7 +1224,7 @@ programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... --- -### 51. perl-c-fibonacci 51↙45 +### 53. perl-c-fibonacci 53↙50↖51↙45 * 💻 Languages: C (80.4%), Make (19.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1198,7 +1246,7 @@ perl-c-fibonacci: source code repository. --- -### 52. netdiff 52↖56 +### 54. netdiff 54↙51↖52↖56 * 💻 Languages: Shell (52.2%), Make (46.3%), Config (1.5%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1221,7 +1269,28 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 53. jsmstrade 53↙52 +### 55. perldaemon 55↙52↙49↖51 + +* 💻 Languages: Perl (74.2%), Shell (22.2%), Config (3.6%) +* 📊 Commits: 111 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 659 +* 🏷️ Tags: 6 +* 📅 Development Period: 2011-02-05 to 2022-04-21 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.4 (2022-04-29) + +⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other UNIX a like operating system +programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/perldaemon) + +--- + +### 56. jsmstrade 56↙53←53↙52 * 💻 Languages: Java (76.0%), Shell (15.4%), XML (8.6%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1244,7 +1313,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 54. muttdelay 54↖55 +### 57. muttdelay 57↙54←54↖55 * 💻 Languages: Make (47.1%), Shell (46.3%), Vim Script (5.9%), Config (0.7%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1267,7 +1336,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 55. netcalendar 55↙46 +### 58. netcalendar 58↙55←55↙46 * 💻 Languages: Java (83.0%), HTML (12.9%), XML (3.0%), CSS (0.8%), Make (0.2%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (89.5%), Markdown (10.5%) @@ -1290,7 +1359,30 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 56. cpuinfo 56↖59 +### 59. vs-sim 59↙56↖63←63 + +* 💻 Languages: Java (98.8%), Shell (0.7%), XML (0.4%) +* 📚 Documentation: LaTeX (98.3%), Text (1.4%), Markdown (0.3%) +* 📊 Commits: 409 +* 📈 Lines of Code: 16303 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 2905 +* 🏷️ Tags: 4 +* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2026-03-07 +* 🏆 Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* ⚖️ License: Custom License +* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0 (2008-08-24) + + +[](showcase/vs-sim/image-1.jpg) + +VS-Sim is an open source simulator programmed in Java for distributed systems. VS-Sim stands for "Verteilte Systeme Simulator" which is the german translation for "Distributed Sytstems Simulator". + +[View on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/vs-sim) +[View on GitHub](https://github.com/snonux/vs-sim) + +--- + +### 60. cpuinfo 60↙57↙56↖59 * 💻 Languages: Shell (53.2%), Make (46.8%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1312,7 +1404,7 @@ cpuinfo - A small and humble tool to print out CPU data --- -### 57. template 57↖60 +### 61. template 61↙58↙57↖60 * 💻 Languages: Make (89.2%), Shell (10.8%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1335,7 +1427,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 58. dyndns 58↖62 +### 62. dyndns 62↙59↙58↖62 * 💻 Languages: Shell (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1358,7 +1450,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 59. debroid 59↙57 +### 63. debroid 63↙60↙59↙57 * 💻 Languages: Shell (92.0%), Make (8.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1381,7 +1473,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 60. perl-poetry 60↙54 +### 64. perl-poetry 64↙61↙60↙54 * 💻 Languages: Perl (100.0%) * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1403,7 +1495,7 @@ Here you find some Poetry written in Perl. --- -### 61. hsbot 61↙58 +### 65. hsbot 65↙62↙61↙58 * 💻 Languages: Haskell (98.5%), Make (1.5%) * 📊 Commits: 81 @@ -1423,7 +1515,7 @@ feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. --- -### 62. ychat 62↙43 +### 66. ychat 66↙63↙62↙43 * 📚 Documentation: Text (100.0%) * 📊 Commits: 67 @@ -1444,28 +1536,27 @@ ychat: source code repository. --- -### 63. vs-sim 63←63 +### 67. snonux.foo 67 * 📚 Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* 📊 Commits: 412 +* 📊 Commits: 1 * 📈 Lines of Code: 0 -* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 7 -* 🏷️ Tags: 4 -* 📅 Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2015-05-23 +* 📄 Lines of Documentation: 10 +* 🏷️ Tags: 0 +* 📅 Development Period: 2026-03-21 to 2026-03-21 * 🏆 Score: 0.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * ⚖️ License: No license found -* 🏷️ Latest Release: v1.0 (2008-08-24) +* 🧪 Status: Experimental (no releases yet) -⚠️ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. -VS-Sim is an open source simulator programmed in Java for distributed systems. 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marketing header dropdown links for better contrast */ @@ -297,7 +308,7 @@ aria-label="Homepage" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Logomark;ref_loc:Header"}"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> - <path d="M10.303 16.652c-2.837-.344-4.835-2.385-4.835-5.028 0-1.074.387-2.235 1.031-3.008-.279-.709-.236-2.214.086-2.837.86-.107 2.02.344 2.708.967.816-.258 1.676-.386 2.728-.386 1.053 0 1.913.128 2.686.365.666-.602 1.848-1.053 2.708-.946.3.581.344 2.085.064 2.815.688.817 1.053 1.913 1.053 3.03 0 2.643-1.998 4.641-4.877 5.006.73.473 1.224 1.504 1.224 2.686v2.235c0 .644.537 1.01 1.182.752 3.889-1.483 6.94-5.372 6.94-10.185 0-6.081-4.942-11.044-11.022-11.044-6.081 0-10.98 4.963-10.98 11.044a10.84 10.84 0 0 0 7.112 10.206c.58.215 1.139-.172 1.139-.752v-1.719a2.768 2.768 0 0 1-1.032.215c-1.418 0-2.256-.773-2.857-2.213-.237-.58-.495-.924-.989-.988-.258-.022-.344-.129-.344-.258 0-.258.43-.451.86-.451.623 0 1.16.386 1.719 1.181.43.623.881.903 1.418.903.537 0 .881-.194 1.375-.688.365-.365.645-.687.903-.902Z"></path> + <path d="M10.226 17.284c-2.965-.36-5.054-2.493-5.054-5.256 0-1.123.404-2.336 1.078-3.144-.292-.741-.247-2.314.09-2.965.898-.112 2.111.36 2.83 1.01.853-.269 1.752-.404 2.853-.404 1.1 0 1.999.135 2.807.382.696-.629 1.932-1.1 2.83-.988.315.606.36 2.179.067 2.942.72.854 1.101 2 1.101 3.167 0 2.763-2.089 4.852-5.098 5.234.763.494 1.28 1.572 1.28 2.807v2.336c0 .674.561 1.056 1.235.786 4.066-1.55 7.255-5.615 7.255-10.646C23.5 6.188 18.334 1 11.978 1 5.62 1 .5 6.188.5 12.545c0 4.986 3.167 9.12 7.435 10.669.606.225 1.19-.18 1.19-.786V20.63a2.9 2.9 0 0 1-1.078.224c-1.483 0-2.359-.808-2.987-2.313-.247-.607-.517-.966-1.034-1.033-.27-.023-.359-.135-.359-.27 0-.27.45-.471.898-.471.652 0 1.213.404 1.797 1.235.45.651.921.943 1.483.943.561 0 .92-.202 1.437-.719.382-.381.674-.718.944-.943"></path> </svg> </a> @@ -312,14 +323,14 @@ </a> <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings"> <react-partial-anchor> - <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-4590ff08-b106-405f-a010-79edd4a87cba" aria-labelledby="tooltip-7539da9d-7227-4681-99e3-44b606ddc1e6" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> + <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-b954a0c0-87df-4a1b-acb6-108297cb714c" aria-labelledby="tooltip-e3d3da88-78a7-4e30-9ce2-60424288aedc" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path> </svg> -</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-7539da9d-7227-4681-99e3-44b606ddc1e6" for="icon-button-4590ff08-b106-405f-a010-79edd4a87cba" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> +</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-e3d3da88-78a7-4e30-9ce2-60424288aedc" for="icon-button-b954a0c0-87df-4a1b-acb6-108297cb714c" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.437ba0a52997e5dd.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2e61315e78ba2.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.5c7ccb6a718f6c1b.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="appearance-settings" @@ -343,8 +354,8 @@ <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/marketing-navigation.081eee98a5812e77.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2e61315e78ba2.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/marketing-navigation.0d061fa8a7d6603d.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="marketing-navigation" @@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ > <script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{"should_use_dotcom_links":true}}</script> - <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"><nav class="MarketingNavigation-module__nav__W0KYY" aria-label="Global"><ul class="MarketingNavigation-module__list__tFbMb"><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Platform<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">AI CODE CREATION</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/features/copilot" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_copilot","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_copilot_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copilot NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Copilot</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Write better code with AI</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/spark" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_spark","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_spark_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-sparkle-fill NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M11.296 1.924c.24-.656 1.168-.656 1.408 0l.717 1.958a11.25 11.25 0 0 0 6.697 6.697l1.958.717c.657.24.657 1.168 0 1.408l-1.958.717a11.25 11.25 0 0 0-6.697 6.697l-.717 1.958c-.24.657-1.168.657-1.408 0l-.717-1.958a11.25 11.25 0 0 0-6.697-6.697l-1.958-.717c-.656-.24-.656-1.168 0-1.408l1.958-.717a11.25 11.25 0 0 0 6.697-6.697l.717-1.958Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Spark</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Build and deploy intelligent apps</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/models" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_models","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_models_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-ai-model NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M19.375 8.5a3.25 3.25 0 1 1-3.163 4h-3a3.252 3.252 0 0 1-4.443 2.509L7.214 17.76a3.25 3.25 0 1 1-1.342-.674l1.672-2.957A3.238 3.238 0 0 1 6.75 12c0-.907.371-1.727.97-2.316L6.117 6.846A3.253 3.253 0 0 1 1.875 3.75a3.25 3.25 0 1 1 5.526 2.32l1.603 2.836A3.25 3.25 0 0 1 13.093 11h3.119a3.252 3.252 0 0 1 3.163-2.5ZM10 10.25a1.75 1.75 0 1 0-.001 3.499A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 10 10.25ZM5.125 2a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 0 3.5 1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0-3.5Zm12.5 9.75a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 3.5 0 1.75 1.75 0 0 0-3.5 0Zm-14.25 8.5a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 3.501-.001 1.75 1.75 0 0 0-3.501.001Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Models</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage and compare prompts</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/mcp" data-analytics-event="{"action":"mcp_registry","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-mcp NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M9.795 1.694a4.287 4.287 0 0 1 6.061 0 4.28 4.28 0 0 1 1.181 3.819 4.282 4.282 0 0 1 3.819 1.181 4.287 4.287 0 0 1 0 6.061l-6.793 6.793a.249.249 0 0 0 0 .353l2.617 2.618a.75.75 0 1 1-1.061 1.061l-2.617-2.618a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0-2.475l6.793-6.793a2.785 2.785 0 1 0-3.939-3.939l-5.9 5.9a.734.734 0 0 1-.249.165.749.749 0 0 1-.812-1.225l5.9-5.901a2.785 2.785 0 1 0-3.939-3.939L2.931 10.68A.75.75 0 1 1 1.87 9.619l7.925-7.925Z"></path><path d="M12.42 4.069a.752.752 0 0 1 1.061 0 .752.752 0 0 1 0 1.061L7.33 11.28a2.788 2.788 0 0 0 0 3.94 2.788 2.788 0 0 0 3.94 0l6.15-6.151a.752.752 0 0 1 1.061 0 .752.752 0 0 1 0 1.061l-6.151 6.15a4.285 4.285 0 1 1-6.06-6.06l6.15-6.151Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">MCP Registry<sup class="NavLink-module__label__bil7n">New</sup></span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Integrate external tools</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/features/actions" data-analytics-event="{"action":"actions","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"actions_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-workflow NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Actions</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Automate any workflow</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/codespaces" data-analytics-event="{"action":"codespaces","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"codespaces_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codespaces NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Codespaces</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Instant dev environments</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/issues" data-analytics-event="{"action":"issues","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"issues_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Issues</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Plan and track work</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/code-review" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_review","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_review_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Code Review</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_advanced_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_security_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Code security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{"action":"secret_protection","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"secret_protection_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6 9V7.25C6 3.845 8.503 1 12 1s6 2.845 6 6.25V9h.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5v8a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 9Zm-1.5 2.5v8a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h13a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-13a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Zm3-4.25V9h9V7.25c0-2.67-1.922-4.75-4.5-4.75-2.578 0-4.5 2.08-4.5 4.75Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Secret protection</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/why-github" data-analytics-event="{"action":"why_github","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"why_github_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Why GitHub</span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"documentation","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"documentation_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Documentation</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://github.blog" data-analytics-event="{"action":"blog","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"blog_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Blog</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://github.blog/changelog" data-analytics-event="{"action":"changelog","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"changelog_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Changelog</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{"action":"marketplace","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"marketplace_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Marketplace</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/features" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_features","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_features_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all features</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Solutions<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{"action":"enterprises","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{"action":"small_and_medium_teams","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{"action":"startups","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Startups</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{"action":"nonprofits","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{"action":"app_modernization","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devsecops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ci/cd","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_use_cases","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all use cases</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{"action":"healthcare","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{"action":"financial_services","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{"action":"manufacturing","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{"action":"government","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Government</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_industries","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all industries</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_solutions","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all solutions</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Resources<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE BY TOPIC</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=ai" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ai","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" 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1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">COMMUNITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/sponsors" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_sponsors","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-sponsor-tiers NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M16.004 1.25C18.311 1.25 20 3.128 20 5.75c0 2.292-1.23 4.464-3.295 6.485-.481.47-.98.909-1.482 1.31l.265 1.32 1.375 7.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.982.844l-3.512-1.207a.75.75 0 0 0-.488 0L8.37 23.209a.75.75 0 0 1-.982-.844l1.378-7.512.261-1.309c-.5-.4-1-.838-1.481-1.31C5.479 10.215 4.25 8.043 4.25 5.75c0-2.622 1.689-4.5 3.996-4.5 1.55 0 2.947.752 3.832 1.967l.047.067.047-.067a4.726 4.726 0 0 1 3.612-1.962l.22-.005ZM13.89 14.531c-.418.285-.828.542-1.218.77l-.18.103a.75.75 0 0 1-.734 0l-.071-.04-.46-.272c-.282-.173-.573-.36-.868-.562l-.121.605-1.145 6.239 2.3-.79a2.248 2.248 0 0 1 1.284-.054l.18.053 2.299.79-1.141-6.226-.125-.616ZM16.004 2.75c-1.464 0-2.731.983-3.159 2.459-.209.721-1.231.721-1.44 0-.428-1.476-1.695-2.459-3.16-2.459-1.44 0-2.495 1.173-2.495 3 0 1.811 1.039 3.647 2.844 5.412a19.624 19.624 0 0 0 3.734 2.84l-.019-.011-.184-.111.147-.088a19.81 19.81 0 0 0 3.015-2.278l.37-.352C17.46 9.397 18.5 7.561 18.5 5.75c0-1.827-1.055-3-2.496-3Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Sponsors</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Fund open source 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3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://maintainers.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"maintainer_community","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"maintainer_community_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Maintainer Community</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/accelerator" data-analytics-event="{"action":"accelerator","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"accelerator_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Accelerator</span></a></li><li><a href="https://archiveprogram.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"archive_program","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"archive_program_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Archive Program</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external 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class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_security_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Code security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{"action":"secret_protection","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"secret_protection_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6 9V7.25C6 3.845 8.503 1 12 1s6 2.845 6 6.25V9h.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5v8a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 9Zm-1.5 2.5v8a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h13a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-13a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Zm3-4.25V9h9V7.25c0-2.67-1.922-4.75-4.5-4.75-2.578 0-4.5 2.08-4.5 4.75Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Secret protection</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/why-github" data-analytics-event="{"action":"why_github","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"why_github_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Why GitHub</span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"documentation","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"documentation_link_platform_navbar"}" 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class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Marketplace</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/features" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_features","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_features_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all features</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Solutions<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{"action":"enterprises","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{"action":"small_and_medium_teams","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{"action":"startups","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Startups</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{"action":"nonprofits","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{"action":"app_modernization","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devsecops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ci/cd","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_use_cases","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all use cases</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{"action":"healthcare","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{"action":"financial_services","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{"action":"manufacturing","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{"action":"government","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Government</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_industries","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all industries</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_solutions","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all solutions</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Resources<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE BY TOPIC</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=ai" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ai","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">AI</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=software-development" data-analytics-event="{"action":"software_development","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Software Development</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"security","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Security</span></a></li><li><a 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://archiveprogram.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"archive_program","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"archive_program_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Archive Program</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">REPOSITORIES</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/topics" data-analytics-event="{"action":"topics","tag":"link","context":"open_source","location":"navbar","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Topics</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/trending" 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overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{"action":"enterprise_platform","tag":"link","context":"enterprise","location":"navbar","label":"enterprise_platform_link_enterprise_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-stack NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M11.063 1.456a1.749 1.749 0 0 1 1.874 0l8.383 5.316a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0 2.956l-8.383 5.316a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0L2.68 9.728a1.751 1.751 0 0 1 0-2.956Zm1.071 1.267a.25.25 0 0 0-.268 0L3.483 8.039a.25.25 0 0 0 0 .422l8.383 5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.383-5.316a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.422Z"></path><path d="M1.867 12.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path><path d="M1.867 16.324a.75.75 0 0 1 1.035-.232l8.964 5.685a.25.25 0 0 0 .268 0l8.964-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1 .804 1.267l-8.965 5.685a1.749 1.749 0 0 1-1.874 0l-8.965-5.685a.75.75 0 0 1-.231-1.035Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Enterprise platform</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">AI-powered developer platform</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">AVAILABLE ADD-ONS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_advanced_security","tag":"link","context":"enterprise","location":"navbar","label":"github_advanced_security_link_enterprise_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade security features</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/copilot/copilot-business" data-analytics-event="{"action":"copilot_for_business","tag":"link","context":"enterprise","location":"navbar","label":"copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copilot NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Copilot for Business</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade AI features</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/premium-support" data-analytics-event="{"action":"premium_support","tag":"link","context":"enterprise","location":"navbar","label":"premium_support_link_enterprise_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Premium Support</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade 24/7 support</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><a href="https://github.com/pricing" data-analytics-event="{"action":"pricing","tag":"link","context":"pricing","location":"navbar","label":"pricing_link_pricing_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4 MarketingNavigation-module__navLink__hUomM"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Pricing</span></a></li></ul></nav><script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA__R_0___">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> @@ -363,7 +374,7 @@ -<qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="owner:buetow" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="95ZIXXfcM61ahsTAT_za182ownSG8oSj09Xq6jQd_U2Cg4_FcoWK7xbV_UhNQM2jKQkHltrv4gBJ8T5sGuSrnQ" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="" data-current-org="" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true"> +<qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="owner:buetow" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="CenOQ7v1mlOJeJ5WTm41tEbMX2mUDaZJgghC1JCDPOhBu01brlgZoRJFSdF_dCvcwANNcvcZ-9T_glnCIaE2dA" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="" data-current-org="" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true"> <div class="search-input-container search-with-dialog position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-items-center tmp-mr-4 rounded" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#searchInputContainerClicked" @@ -427,7 +438,7 @@ ></div> <div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div> - <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-77e6a7c6-4654-4643-b050-0c6158053233" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action=" + <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-3845e455-842f-49af-a1ff-572be2d724f7" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action=" input:query-builder#inputChange blur:query-builder#inputBlur keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown @@ -668,7 +679,7 @@ ></ul> </div> - <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-77e6a7c6-4654-4643-b050-0c6158053233" hidden="hidden"> + <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-3845e455-842f-49af-a1ff-572be2d724f7" hidden="hidden"> <span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill"> <path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> @@ -709,7 +720,7 @@ </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> - <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="PYNfcwKZJRNr9Cv/SpXK3Ar5r3Ov8Q/FYPQJEJ9Km9d8EAt0SZLJF3eoiP/j5Mddho0XTxfLMGUg2Sl5bzMgSA==" /> + <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="0yRSP+ppfk2mNEI8NWZJV0/+ZbjKDlvXWlZSZ/oVXL2b6Ig7snzBExTY9ynSbELZcvPOmkO6Kq3QX/PZfNl1LQ==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> @@ -747,7 +758,7 @@ <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> - <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="BS587VPUgYJIBSwLj42/5qipKhqrG5gw5Pz/FHrErogsA1/4OYVzkRJj/uDwe2F0hWScojXaxbjO7yMd5US9RQ==" /> + <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="oAcw96YoyoLylxWtVsk1fq+SkBDdGo+xj4vum0x7fZWE2aja8IasTKbZeaY7pgFu4JsGgtTajAtNktw771ANeg==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> @@ -765,7 +776,7 @@ placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> - <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="Yn6T0IJHsLRSSTwvmpOPDK+jUeHxYjWHpvANooOG7wnRY7wwHQrAp6rZg7W3jTYHeBWIrmGtZIDDglX+Zfvwaw==" /> + <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="10veA41FVngYxBfMrh84/AheLRVACfHmIspafvJ/XEMzKQbfPKArOweQavFMw9ElLgA1ZDg6tSy2lMwaFnwZ8A==" /> </auto-check> </div> @@ -820,7 +831,7 @@ <h4 data-view-component="true" class="color-fg-default mb-2"> Sign in to GitHub </h4> -<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form data-turbo="false" action="/session" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="rKHzeP+orkON6Q6sggV6HUQSpsO9AGOsWTGMR7VptOs6DW0qIkBy14+1+anIkGPtF3H8g9AxQdIGxN1MBX8/9Q==" /> <input type="hidden" name="add_account" id="add_account" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> +<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form data-turbo="false" action="/session" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="PaWVngEmR0N3rM6lfLIsxRFcGZM7wI8EY4OXIuOpzLtQGR7jsUb5h8rYKekqCW4hTyECOGEmsqmGKmpfuaI++g==" /> <input type="hidden" name="add_account" id="add_account" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <label for="login_field"> Username or email address @@ -842,9 +853,9 @@ <input type="hidden" name="allow_signup" id="allow_signup" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <input type="hidden" name="client_id" id="client_id" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <input type="hidden" name="integration" id="integration" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> -<input class="form-control" type="text" name="required_field_a5d9" hidden="hidden" /> -<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp" value="1773338430530" /> -<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp_secret" value="bba05d3419f37fe54d4d68c6d0d94e99459854d78cc37fbd966fce06119a8722" /> +<input class="form-control" type="text" name="required_field_27cc" hidden="hidden" /> +<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp" value="1774625306552" /> +<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp_secret" value="47bcf5ccefbeb5d73fc1acd72b5ac1efadf92567cd66157bfe21efa7c799af15" /> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign in" class="btn btn-primary btn-block js-sign-in-button" data-disable-with="Signing in…" data-signin-label="Sign in" data-sso-label="Sign in with your identity provider" development="false" disable-emu-sso="false" /> @@ -871,14 +882,14 @@ <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings"> <react-partial-anchor> - <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-c2af4e9b-79a3-48ce-9a22-c89c1417aeb3" aria-labelledby="tooltip-832efbfa-b106-40e8-a890-f707db113cd2" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> + <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-196ed26e-4001-4aac-b091-3f8e7308be09" aria-labelledby="tooltip-48776ba1-d209-4ec9-a01c-f783c623c94a" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path> </svg> -</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-832efbfa-b106-40e8-a890-f707db113cd2" for="icon-button-c2af4e9b-79a3-48ce-9a22-c89c1417aeb3" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> +</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-48776ba1-d209-4ec9-a01c-f783c623c94a" for="icon-button-196ed26e-4001-4aac-b091-3f8e7308be09" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.437ba0a52997e5dd.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2e61315e78ba2.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.5c7ccb6a718f6c1b.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="appearance-settings" @@ -912,10 +923,10 @@ <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> - 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CENTER PANEL: π symbol with BSD daemon horns + Centred at x=768 + ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ --> + + <!-- Stronger GPU grid in center zone only --> + <g opacity="0.18" stroke="#388bfd" stroke-width="1"> + <line x1="512" y1="128" x2="1024" y2="128"/> + <line x1="512" y1="192" x2="1024" y2="192"/> + <line x1="512" y1="256" x2="1024" y2="256"/> + <line x1="512" y1="320" x2="1024" y2="320"/> + <line x1="512" y1="384" x2="1024" y2="384"/> + <line x1="576" y1="80" x2="576" y2="450"/> + <line x1="640" y1="80" x2="640" y2="450"/> + <line x1="704" y1="80" x2="704" y2="450"/> + <line x1="768" y1="80" x2="768" y2="450"/> + <line x1="832" y1="80" x2="832" y2="450"/> + <line x1="896" y1="80" x2="896" y2="450"/> + <line x1="960" y1="80" x2="960" y2="450"/> + </g> + <!-- Circuit nodes in center --> + <g fill="#1f6feb" opacity="0.38"> + <circle cx="576" cy="128" r="4"/> + <circle cx="640" cy="192" r="4"/> + <circle cx="896" cy="128" r="4"/> + <circle cx="960" cy="192" r="4"/> + <circle cx="576" cy="384" r="4"/> + <circle cx="640" cy="320" r="4"/> + <circle cx="896" cy="384" r="4"/> + <circle cx="960" cy="320" r="4"/> + </g> + <!-- PCB traces in center zone --> + <g stroke="#1f6feb" stroke-width="2" fill="none" opacity="0.25"> + <polyline points="576,128 576,192 640,192"/> + <polyline points="960,128 960,192 896,192"/> + <polyline points="576,384 576,320 640,320"/> + <polyline points="960,384 960,320 896,320"/> + </g> + + <!-- Circular glow ring behind π --> + <ellipse cx="768" cy="300" rx="185" ry="165" + fill="none" stroke="#1f6feb" stroke-width="1.5" opacity="0.13"/> + <ellipse cx="768" cy="300" rx="210" ry="188" + fill="none" stroke="#1f6feb" stroke-width="0.5" opacity="0.07"/> + + <!-- + FreeBSD daemon horns — above the π crossbar, symmetric bezier curves. + Base at x≈718/818 (centred at 768). + --> + <!-- Left horn --> + <path d="M 718 172 + C 716 152 708 132 696 114 + C 686 98 668 90 673 100 + C 678 110 686 126 688 144 + C 690 158 698 170 708 174 Z" + fill="url(#bsdGrad)" filter="url(#hornGlow)"/> + <path d="M 716 168 C 710 148 700 128 692 112 C 686 100 678 96 681 106" + stroke="#ffaaaa" stroke-width="2" fill="none" opacity="0.4"/> + <!-- Right horn --> + <path d="M 818 172 + C 820 152 828 132 840 114 + C 850 98 868 90 863 100 + C 858 110 850 126 848 144 + C 846 158 838 170 828 174 Z" + fill="url(#bsdGrad)" filter="url(#hornGlow)"/> + <path d="M 820 168 C 826 148 836 128 844 112 C 850 100 858 96 855 106" + stroke="#ffaaaa" stroke-width="2" fill="none" opacity="0.4"/> + + <!-- + π (Pi) symbol — centred at x=768. + Crossbar: y=188–210. Legs extend to y≈400. + --> + <g filter="url(#glow)"> + <!-- Crossbar --> + <rect x="628" y="188" width="280" height="24" rx="12" fill="url(#piGrad)"/> + <!-- Left leg --> + <path d="M 666 212 + C 666 272 656 328 642 366 + C 634 386 630 400 638 410 + C 646 420 660 420 670 410 + C 678 402 680 386 684 366 + C 696 308 702 260 702 212 Z" + fill="url(#piGrad)"/> + <!-- Right leg — symmetric --> + <path d="M 870 212 + C 870 272 880 328 894 366 + C 902 386 906 400 898 410 + C 890 420 876 420 866 410 + C 858 402 856 386 852 366 + C 840 308 834 260 834 212 Z" + fill="url(#piGrad)"/> + </g> + + <!-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ + RIGHT PANEL: tmux terminal window + x: 1086–1500 + ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ --> + + <!-- Terminal window frame --> + <rect x="1096" y="80" width="400" height="352" rx="10" + fill="#0d1117" stroke="#30363d" stroke-width="1.5" opacity="0.95"/> + + <!-- Title bar --> + <rect x="1096" y="80" width="400" height="32" rx="10" + fill="#161b22"/> + <rect x="1096" y="96" width="400" height="16" fill="#161b22"/> + <!-- Traffic-light dots --> + <circle cx="1118" cy="96" r="6" fill="#ff5f56" opacity="0.9"/> + <circle cx="1138" cy="96" r="6" fill="#ffbd2e" opacity="0.9"/> + <circle cx="1158" cy="96" r="6" fill="#27c93f" opacity="0.9"/> + <!-- Title text --> + <text x="1296" y="101" + text-anchor="middle" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="11" fill="#6e7681">hyperstack.wg1 — zsh</text> + + <!-- Terminal content area --> + <rect x="1096" y="112" width="400" height="284" fill="#0d1117" opacity="0.95"/> + + <!-- Terminal lines — simulated shell session --> + <g font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" font-size="11" fill="#c9d1d9"> + <!-- Prompt + command 1 --> + <text x="1112" y="140"> + <tspan fill="#3fb950">❯</tspan> + <tspan fill="#8b949e"> ruby hyperstack.rb create-both</tspan> + </text> + <text x="1112" y="158" fill="#6e7681"> Creating VM hyperstack1 (A100)...</text> + <text x="1112" y="174" fill="#6e7681"> Creating VM hyperstack2 (A100)...</text> + <text x="1112" y="190" fill="#3fb950"> vllm-ready ✓ wireguard-ok ✓</text> + + <!-- Prompt + command 2 --> + <text x="1112" y="214"> + <tspan fill="#3fb950">❯</tspan> + <tspan fill="#8b949e"> pi --model hyperstack1/nemotron</tspan> + </text> + <text x="1112" y="230" fill="#6e7681"> Connecting to hyperstack1.wg1…</text> + <text x="1112" y="246" fill="#58a6ff"> » Hello! Ready to code with you.</text> + + <!-- Prompt + command 3 --> + <text x="1112" y="270"> + <tspan fill="#3fb950">❯</tspan> + <tspan fill="#8b949e"> pi --model hyperstack2/qwen3</tspan> + </text> + <text x="1112" y="286" fill="#6e7681"> Connecting to hyperstack2.wg1…</text> + <text x="1112" y="302" fill="#58a6ff"> » I am Qwen3-Coder, let's build!</text> + + <!-- Blinking cursor --> + <rect x="1112" y="322" width="8" height="14" fill="#58a6ff" opacity="0.8"/> + </g> + + <!-- tmux status bar at bottom of terminal --> + <rect x="1096" y="396" width="400" height="24" rx="0" fill="url(#tmuxBar)"/> + <rect x="1096" y="408" width="400" height="12" fill="url(#tmuxBar)"/> + <rect x="1096" y="396" width="400" height="24" + fill="none" stroke="#30363d" stroke-width="0.5" opacity="0.5"/> + + <!-- tmux status bar text --> + <!-- Left: session + windows --> + <rect x="1096" y="396" width="68" height="24" fill="#3fb950" opacity="0.18"/> + <text x="1104" y="412" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="10" font-weight="600" fill="#3fb950">[hyperstack]</text> + <text x="1170" y="412" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="10" fill="#6e7681">0:pi* 1:ssh 2:logs</text> + <!-- Right: clock --> + <text x="1486" y="412" + text-anchor="end" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="10" fill="#6e7681">21:03</text> + + <!-- Terminal window bottom rounded finish --> + <rect x="1096" y="420" width="400" height="12" rx="10" + fill="#161b22" stroke="#30363d" stroke-width="1.5" opacity="0.6"/> + + <!-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ + BOTTOM LABELS — full width + ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ --> + <text x="768" y="470" + text-anchor="middle" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="22" font-weight="700" letter-spacing="6" + fill="#8b949e">HYPERSTACK</text> + <text x="768" y="494" + text-anchor="middle" + font-family="'SF Mono','Fira Code','Consolas',monospace" + font-size="11" font-weight="400" letter-spacing="3" + fill="#6e7681">GPU · PI.DEV · FREEBSD · AI · TMUX</text> +</svg> diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-06-26-perl-poetry.gmi.tpl.49f27f3f6cfb364dfb6ffe2de2faa0100ea27a3b5b8d237fb8934c293dfc74a9 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-06-26-perl-poetry.gmi.tpl.49f27f3f6cfb364dfb6ffe2de2faa0100ea27a3b5b8d237fb8934c293dfc74a9 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bb16451a --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-06-26-perl-poetry.gmi.tpl.49f27f3f6cfb364dfb6ffe2de2faa0100ea27a3b5b8d237fb8934c293dfc74a9 @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +# Perl Poetry + +> Published at 2008-06-26T21:43:51+01:00; Updated at 2021-05-04 + +Here are some Perl Poems I wrote. They don't do anything useful when you run them, but they don't produce a compiler error either. They only exist for fun and demonstrate what you can do with Perl syntax. + +Wikipedia: "Perl poetry is the practice of writing poems that can be compiled as legal Perl code, for example the piece known as Black Perl. Perl poetry is made possible by the large number of English words that are used in the Perl language. New poems are regularly submitted to the community at PerlMonks." + +=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl + +``` + '\|/' * +-- * ----- + /|\ ____ + ' | ' {_ o^> * + : -_ /) + : ( ( .-''`'. + . \ \ / \ + . \ \ / \ + \ `-' `'. + \ . ' / `. + \ ( \ ) ( .') + ,, t '. | / | ( + '|``_/^\___ '| |`'-..-'| ( () +_~~|~/_|_|__/|~~~~~~~ | / ~~~~~ | | ~~~~~~~~ + -_ |L[|]L|/ | |\ MJP ) ) + ( |( / /| + ~~ ~ ~ ~~~~ | /\\ / /| | + || \\ _/ / | | + ~ ~ ~~~ _|| (_/ (___)_| |Nov291999 + (__) (____) +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## math.pl + +```perl +#!/usr/bin/perl + +# (C) 2006 by Paul C. Buetow + +goto library for study $math; +BEGIN { s/earching/ books/ +and read $them, $at, $the } library: + +our $topics, cos and tan, +require strict; import { of, tied $patience }; + +do { int'egrate'; sub trade; }; +do { exp'onentize' and abs'olutize' }; +study and study and study and study; + +foreach $topic ({of, math}) { +you, m/ay /go, to, limits } + +do { not qw/erk / unless $success +and m/ove /o;$n and study }; + +do { int'egrate'; sub trade; }; +do { exp'onentize' and abs'olutize' }; +study and study and study and study; + +grep /all/, exp'onents' and cos'inuses'; +/seek results/ for @all, log'4rithms'; + +'you' =~ m/ay /go, not home +unless each %book ne#ars +$completion; + +do { int'egrate'; sub trade; }; +do { exp'onentize' and abs'olutize' }; + +#at +home: //ig,'nore', time and sleep $very =~ s/tr/on/g; +__END__ + +``` + +## christmas.pl + +```perl +#!/usr/bin/perl + +# (C) 2006 by Paul C. Buetow + +Christmas:{time;#!!! + +Children: do tell $wishes; + +Santa: for $each (@children) { +BEGIN { read $each, $their, wishes and study them; use Memoize#ing + +} use constant gift, 'wrapping'; +package Gifts; pack $each, gift and bless $each and goto deliver +or do import if not local $available,!!! HO, HO, HO; + +redo Santa, pipe $gifts, to_childs; +redo Santa and do return if last one, is, delivered; + +deliver: gift and require diagnostics if our $gifts ,not break; +do{ use NEXT; time; tied $gifts} if broken and dump the, broken, ones; +The_children: sleep and wait for (each %gift) and try { to => untie $gifts }; + +redo Santa, pipe $gifts, to_childs; +redo Santa and do return if last one, is, delivered; + +The_christmas_tree: formline s/ /childrens/, $gifts; +alarm and warn if not exists $Christmas{ tree}, @t, $ENV{HOME}; +write <<EMail + to the parents to buy a new christmas tree!!!!111 + and send the +EMail +;wait and redo deliver until defined local $tree; + +redo Santa, pipe $gifts, to_childs; +redo Santa and do return if last one, is, delivered ;} + +END {} our $mission and do sleep until next Christmas ;} + +__END__ + +This is perl, v5.8.8 built for i386-freebsd-64int +``` + +## shopping.pl + +```perl +#!/usr/bin/perl + +# (C) 2007 by Paul C. Buetow + +BEGIN{} goto mall for $shopping; + +m/y/; mall: seek$s, cool products(), { to => $sell }; +for $their (@business) { to:; earn:; a:; lot:; of:; money: } + +do not goto home and exit mall if exists $new{product}; +foreach $of (q(uality rich products)){} package products; + +our $news; do tell cool products() and do{ sub#tract +cool{ $products and shift @the, @bad, @ones; + +do bless [q(uality)], $products +and return not undef $stuff if not (local $available) }}; + +do { study and study and study for cool products() } +and do { seek $all, cool products(), { to => $buy } }; + +do { write $them, $down } and do { order: foreach (@case) { package s } }; +goto home if not exists $more{money} or die q(uerying) ;for( @money){}; + +at:;home: do { END{} and:; rest:; a:; bit: exit $shopping } +and sleep until unpack$ing, cool products(); + +__END__ +This is perl, v5.8.8 built for i386-freebsd-64int +``` + +## More... + +Did you like what you saw? Have a look at Codeberg to see my other poems too: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perl-poetry + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex perl + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-12-29-using-my-nokia-n95-for-fixing-my-mta.gmi.8f549e73479399b4d0e722c80728d34887bad242e066320ff17119682ffdf5d2 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-12-29-using-my-nokia-n95-for-fixing-my-mta.gmi.8f549e73479399b4d0e722c80728d34887bad242e066320ff17119682ffdf5d2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..33484e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2008-12-29-using-my-nokia-n95-for-fixing-my-mta.gmi.8f549e73479399b4d0e722c80728d34887bad242e066320ff17119682ffdf5d2 @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# Using my Nokia N95 for fixing my MTA + +> Published at 2008-12-29T09:10:41+00:00; Updated at 2021-12-01 + +``` + + _ + |E] + .-|=====-. + | | mail | + ___|________| + || + || + || www + ,;, || )_(,;;;, + <_> \ || \|/ \_/ + \|/ \\|| \\| |// +_jgs_\|//_\\|///_\V/_\|//__ + Art by Joan Stark +``` + +The last week I was in Vidin, Bulgaria with no internet access and I had to fix my MTA (Postfix) at host.0.buetow.org which serves E-Mail for all my customers at P. B. Labs. Good, that I do not guarantee high availability on my web services (I've to do a full time job somewhere else too). + +My first attempt to find an internet café, which was working during Christmastime, failed. However, I found with my N95 phone lots of free WLAN hotspots. The hotspots refused me logging into my server using SSH as I have configured a non-standard port for SSH for security reasons. Without knowing the costs, I used the GPRS internet access of my German phone provider (yes, I had to pay roaming fees). + +=> ./using-my-nokia-n95-for-fixing-my-mta/nokia-n95.jpg Picture of a Nokia N95 + +With Putty for N95 and configuring Postfix with Vim and the T9 input mechanism, I managed to fix the problem. But it took half of an hour: + +* First, getting a shell prompt +* Second, use the "tail" command to analyse the Postfix logs +* Third, use the "sed" command to fix a syntax error in the Postfix config +* Fourth, restart Postfix + +It was a pain in the ass. My next mobile phone MUST have a full QWERTY keyboard. This would have made my life lots easier. :) + +At the moment I am in Sofia, Bulgaria. Here I can use at least an unprotected WLAN hotspot which belongs to one of the neighbours which I don’t know in person, and it is not blocking any port at all :) + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2009-02-13-sgi-onyx-3200.gmi.e8c19f9d9486a1d74c8a1074d627e76fa9bf9aaa54d9dbd59a106a495c02c138 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2009-02-13-sgi-onyx-3200.gmi.e8c19f9d9486a1d74c8a1074d627e76fa9bf9aaa54d9dbd59a106a495c02c138 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd10c754 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2009-02-13-sgi-onyx-3200.gmi.e8c19f9d9486a1d74c8a1074d627e76fa9bf9aaa54d9dbd59a106a495c02c138 @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# SGI Onyx 3200 + +> Published at 2025-02-13T21:17:16+02:00 + +For nostalgia, I've kept this output of the 'dmesg' around. It's from an SGI Onyx 3200 graphics supercomputer running IRIX with the following specs: + +* 4 x 400 MHz IP35 MIPS CPUs +* 4GB of RAM + +=> ./sgi-onyx-3200/desk.webp + +We used this monster when I was a student worker at the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology around the year 2006. It operated a walk-in 2-sided 3D cave (unfortunately, I don't have any pictures of that cave), where you could literally walk around with a set of VR glasses and see everything in 3D (that was when there wasn't any Oculus Quest yet). That was useful for running industrial simulations. + +``` +4 400 MHZ IP35 Processors +CPU: MIPS R12000 Processor Chip Revision: 3.5 +FPU: MIPS R12010 Floating Point Chip Revision: 3.5 +Main memory size: 4096 Mbytes +Instruction cache size: 32 Kbytes +Data cache size: 32 Kbytes +Secondary unified instruction/data cache size: 8 Mbytes +Integral SCSI controller 8: Version Fibre Channel QL2200A +Integral SCSI controller 6: Version QL12160, single ended +Integral SCSI controller 7: Version QL12160, low voltage differential +Integral SCSI controller 9: Version IEEE1394 SBP2 + IEEE1394 CDROM: node 1010031001a454 port 0 on SCSI controller 9 +Integral SCSI controller 0: Version Fibre Channel QL2200A + Disk drive: unit 1 on SpCSI controller 0 + Disk drive: unit 2 on SCSI controller 0 +Integral SCSI controller 5: Version IEEE1394 SBP2 + IEEE1394 CDROM: node 1010031001c080 port 0 on SCSI controller 5 +IOC3 serial port: tty3 +IOC3 serial port: tty4 +IOC3 serial port: tty10 +IOC3 serial port: tty11 +IOC3 serial port: tty12 +IOC3 serial port: tty5 +IOC3 serial port: tty6 +IOC3 serial port: tty7 +IOC3 serial port: tty8 +IOC3 serial port: tty9 +Graphics board: InfiniteReality3 +Graphics board: InfiniteReality3 +Gigabit Ethernet: eg0, module 001c04, pci_bus 2, pci_slot 2, firmware version 12.4.10 +Fast Ethernet: ef1, version 1, module 001c07, pci 4 +Integral Fast Ethernet: ef0, version 1, module 001c04, pci 4 +Iris Audio Processor: version RAD revision 13.0, number 1 +IOC3 external interrupts: 2 +IOC3 external interrupts: 1 +IEEE 1394 High performance serial bus controller 0: Type: OHCI, Version 0 0 +IEEE 1394 High performance serial bus controller 1: Type: OHCI, Version 0 0 +USB controller: type OHCI +USB Human Interface Device: device id 1 type keyboard +USB Human Interface Device: device id 1 type mouse +USB controller: type OHCI +USB Human Interface Device: device id 0 type keyboard +USB Human Interface Device: device id 0 type mouse +``` + +=> ./sgi-onyx-3200/collage.webp + +I was mainly working on drilling simulations on this machine. Sometimes I worked directly at one of the 2 terminal screens of the Onyx, or often I used a nearby Linux machine and forwarded the X11 windows to my local screen. + +=> ./sgi-onyx-3200/collage2.webp + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.gmi.tpl.94827a5494a2149e0e0f68d54010656f2fc707f8265377a801426e1e04351f3b b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.gmi.tpl.94827a5494a2149e0e0f68d54010656f2fc707f8265377a801426e1e04351f3b new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a3d3ed79 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-04-09-standard-ml-and-haskell.gmi.tpl.94827a5494a2149e0e0f68d54010656f2fc707f8265377a801426e1e04351f3b @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +# Standard ML and Haskell + +> Published at 2010-04-09T22:57:36+01:00 + +I am currently looking into the functional programming language Standard ML (aka SML). The purpose is to refresh my functional programming skills and to learn something new too. Since I already knew a little Haskell, I could not help myself, and I also implemented the same exercises in Haskell. + +As you will see, SML and Haskell are very similar (at least when it comes to the basics). However, the syntax of Haskell is a bit more "advanced". Haskell utilizes fewer keywords (e.g. no val, end, fun, fn ...). Haskell also allows to write down the function types explicitly. What I have been missing in SML so far is the so-called pattern guards. Although this is a very superficial comparison for now, so far, I like Haskell more than SML. Nevertheless, I thought it would be fun to demonstrate a few simple functions of both languages to show off the similarities. + +Haskell is also a "pure functional" programming language, whereas SML also makes explicit use of imperative concepts. I am by far not a specialist in either of these languages, but here are a few functions implemented in both SML and Haskell: + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Defining a multi-data type + +Standard ML: + +```sml +datatype ’a multi + = EMPTY + | ELEM of ’a + | UNION of ’a multi * ’a multi +``` + +Haskell: + +```haskell +data (Eq a) => Multi a + = Empty + | Elem a + | Union (Multi a) (Multi a) + deriving Show +``` + +## Processing a multi + +Standard ML: + +```sml +fun number (EMPTY) _ = 0 + | number (ELEM x) w = if x = w then 1 else 0 + | number (UNION (x,y)) w = (number x w) + (number y w) +fun test_number w = number (UNION (EMPTY, \ + UNION (ELEM 4, UNION (ELEM 6, \ + UNION (UNION (ELEM 4, ELEM 4), EMPTY))))) w +``` + +Haskell: + +```haskell +number Empty _ = 0 +number (Elem x) w = if x == w then 1 else 0 +test_number w = number (Union Empty \ + (Union (Elem 4) (Union (Elem 6) \ + (Union (Union (Elem 4) (Elem 4)) Empty)))) w +``` + +## Simplify function + +Standard ML: + +```sml +fun simplify (UNION (x,y)) = + let fun is_empty (EMPTY) = true | is_empty _ = false + val x’ = simplify x + val y’ = simplify y + in if (is_empty x’) andalso (is_empty y’) + then EMPTY + else if (is_empty x’) + then y’ + else if (is_empty y’) + then x’ + else UNION (x’, y’) + end + | simplify x = x +``` + +Haskell: + +```haskell +simplify (Union x y) + | (isEmpty x’) && (isEmpty y’) = Empty + | isEmpty x’ = y’ + | isEmpty y’ = x’ + | otherwise = Union x’ y’ + where + isEmpty Empty = True + isEmpty _ = False + x’ = simplify x + y’ = simplify y +simplify x = x +``` + +## Delete all + +Standard ML: + +```sml +fun delete_all m w = + let fun delete_all’ (ELEM x) = if x = w then EMPTY else ELEM x + | delete_all’ (UNION (x,y)) = UNION (delete_all’ x, delete_all’ y) + | delete_all’ x = x + in simplify (delete_all’ m) + end +``` + +Haskell: + +```haskell +delete_all m w = simplify (delete_all’ m) + where + delete_all’ (Elem x) = if x == w then Empty else Elem x + delete_all’ (Union x y) = Union (delete_all’ x) (delete_all’ y) + delete_all’ x = x +``` + +## Delete one + +Standard ML: + +```sml +fun delete_one m w = + let fun delete_one’ (UNION (x,y)) = + let val (x’, deleted) = delete_one’ x + in if deleted + then (UNION (x’, y), deleted) + else let val (y’, deleted) = delete_one’ y + in (UNION (x, y’), deleted) + end + end + | delete_one’ (ELEM x) = + if x = w then (EMPTY, true) else (ELEM x, false) + | delete_one’ x = (x, false) + val (m’, _) = delete_one’ m + in simplify m’ + end +``` + +Haskell: + +```haskell +delete_one m w = do + let (m’, _) = delete_one’ m + simplify m’ + where + delete_one’ (Union x y) = + let (x’, deleted) = delete_one’ x + in if deleted + then (Union x’ y, deleted) + else let (y’, deleted) = delete_one’ y + in (Union x y’, deleted) + delete_one’ (Elem x) = + if x == w then (Empty, True) else (Elem x, False) + delete_one’ x = (x, False) +``` + +## Higher-order functions + +The first line is always the SML code, the second line the Haskell variant: + +``` +fun make_map_fn f1 = fn (x,y) => f1 x :: y +make_map_fn f1 = \x y -> f1 x : y + +fun make_filter_fn f1 = fn (x,y) => if f1 x then x :: y else y +make_filter_fn f1 = \x y -> if f1 then x : y else y + +fun my_map f l = foldr (make_map_fn f) [] l +my_map f l = foldr (make_map_fn f) [] l + +fun my_filter f l = foldr (make_filter_fn f) [] l +my_filter f l = foldr (make_filter_fn f) [] l +``` + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-07-lazy-evaluation-with-standard-ml.gmi.f3bdd7120c249354bf0503c9ed61a11918e2db7b75fa0bd93a5b7402d87cce43 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-07-lazy-evaluation-with-standard-ml.gmi.f3bdd7120c249354bf0503c9ed61a11918e2db7b75fa0bd93a5b7402d87cce43 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..738d54a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-07-lazy-evaluation-with-standard-ml.gmi.f3bdd7120c249354bf0503c9ed61a11918e2db7b75fa0bd93a5b7402d87cce43 @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# Lazy Evaluation with Standard ML + +> Published at 2010-05-07T08:17:59+01:00 + +``` + + _____|~~\_____ _____________ + _-~ \ | \ + _- | ) \ |__/ \ \ + _- ) | | | \ \ + _- | ) / |--| | | + __-_______________ /__/_______| |_________ +( |---- | | + `---------------'--\\\\ .`--' -Glyde- + `|||| +``` + +In contrast to Haskell, Standard SML does not use lazy evaluation by default but an eager evaluation. + +=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eager_evaluation +=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation + + +You can solve specific problems with lazy evaluation easier than with eager evaluation. For example, you might want to list the number Pi or another infinite list of something. With the help of lazy evaluation, each element of the list is calculated when it is accessed first, but not earlier. + +## Emulating lazy evaluation in SML + +However, it is possible to emulate lazy evaluation in most eager evaluation languages. This is how it is done with Standard ML (with some play with an infinite list of natural number tuples filtering out 0 elements): + +``` +type ’a lazy = unit -> ’a; + +fun force (f:’a lazy) = f (); +fun delay x = (fn () => x) : ’a lazy; + +datatype ’a sequ = NIL | CONS of ’a * ’a sequ lazy; + +fun first 0 s = [] + | first n NIL = [] + | first n (CONS (i,r)) = i :: first (n-1) (force r); + +fun filters p NIL = NIL + | filters p (CONS (x,r)) = + if p x + then CONS (x, fn () => filters p (force r)) + else + filters p (force r); + +fun nat_pairs () = + let + fun from_pair (x,0) = + CONS ((x,0), fn () => from_pair (0,x+1)) + | from_pair (up,dn) = + CONS ((up,dn), fn () => from_pair (up+1,dn-1)) + in from_pair (0,0) + end; + +(* Test +val test = first 10 (nat_pairs ()) +*) + +fun nat_pairs_not_null () = + filters (fn (x,y) => x > 0 andalso y > 0) (nat_pairs ()); + +(* Test +val test = first 10 (nat_pairs_not_null ()); +*) +``` + +=> http://smlnj.org/ + +## Real laziness with Haskell + +As Haskell already uses lazy evaluation by default, there is no need to construct a new data type. Lists in Haskell are lazy by default. You will notice that the code is also much shorter and easier to understand than the SML version. + +``` +{- Just to make it look like the ML example -} +first = take +filters = filter + +{- Implementation -} +nat_pairs = from_pair 0 0 + where + from_pair x 0 = [x,0] : from_pair 0 (x+1) + from_pair up dn = [up,dn] : from_pair (up+1) (dn-1) + +{- Test: +first 10 nat_pairs +-} + +nat_pairs_not_null = filters (\[x,y] -> x > 0 && y > 0) nat_pairs + +{- Test: +first 10 nat_pairs_not_null +-} +``` + +=> http://www.haskell.org/ + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-09-the-fype-programming-language.gmi.tpl.9797b465fab8bb78c39245ea4138babc12364c18bb386e7d7543fc61b8b529dc b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-09-the-fype-programming-language.gmi.tpl.9797b465fab8bb78c39245ea4138babc12364c18bb386e7d7543fc61b8b529dc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..683e2357 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2010-05-09-the-fype-programming-language.gmi.tpl.9797b465fab8bb78c39245ea4138babc12364c18bb386e7d7543fc61b8b529dc @@ -0,0 +1,512 @@ +# The Fype Programming Language + +> Published at 2010-05-09T12:48:29+01:00; Updated at 2021-05-05 + +Fype is an interpreted programming language created by me for learning and fun. The interpreter is written in C. It has been tested on FreeBSD and NetBSD and may also work on other Unix like operating systems such as Linux based ones. Besides learning and fun, there is no other use case of why Fype exists as many other programming languages are much faster and more powerful. + +The Fype syntax is straightforward and uses a maximum look ahead of 1 and an effortless top-down parsing mechanism. Fype is parsing and interpreting its code simultaneously. This means that syntax errors are only detected during program runtime. + +Fype is a recursive acronym and means "Fype is For Your Program Execution" or "Fype is Free Yak Programmed for ELF". You could also say, "It's not a hype - it's Fype!". + +``` + ____ _ __ + / / _|_ _ _ __ ___ _ _ ___ __ _| |__ / _|_ _ + / / |_| | | | '_ \ / _ \ | | | |/ _ \/ _` | '_ \ | |_| | | | + _ / /| _| |_| | |_) | __/ | |_| | __/ (_| | | | |_| _| |_| | +(_)_/ |_| \__, | .__/ \___| \__, |\___|\__,_|_| |_(_)_| \__, | + |___/|_| |___/ |___/ +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Object-oriented C style + +The Fype interpreter is written in an object-oriented style of C. Each "main component" has its own .h and .c file. There is a struct type for each (most components at least) component, which can be initialized using a "COMPONENT_new" function and destroyed using a "COMPONENT_delete" function. Method calls follow the same schema, e.g. "COMPONENT_METHODNAME". There is no such as class inheritance and polymorphism involved. + +To give you an idea of how it works here as an example is a snippet from the main Fype "class header": + +```c +typedef struct { + Tupel *p_tupel_argv; // Contains command line options + List *p_list_token; // Initial list of token + Hash *p_hash_syms; // Symbol table + char *c_basename; +} Fype; +``` + +And here is a snippet from the primary Fype "class implementation": + +```c +Fype* +fype_new() { + Fype *p_fype = malloc(sizeof(Fype)); + + p_fype->p_hash_syms = hash_new(512); + p_fype->p_list_token = list_new(); + p_fype->p_tupel_argv = tupel_new(); + p_fype->c_basename = NULL; + + garbage_init(); + + return (p_fype); +} + +void +fype_delete(Fype *p_fype) { + argv_tupel_delete(p_fype->p_tupel_argv); + + hash_iterate(p_fype->p_hash_syms, symbol_cleanup_hash_syms_cb); + hash_delete(p_fype->p_hash_syms); + + list_iterate(p_fype->p_list_token, token_ref_down_cb); + list_delete(p_fype->p_list_token); + + if (p_fype->c_basename) + free(p_fype->c_basename); + + garbage_destroy(); +} + +int +fype_run(int i_argc, char **pc_argv) { + Fype *p_fype = fype_new(); + + // argv: Maintains command line options + argv_run(p_fype, i_argc, pc_argv); + + // scanner: Creates a list of token + scanner_run(p_fype); + + // interpret: Interpret the list of token + interpret_run(p_fype); + + fype_delete(p_fype); + + return (0); +} +``` + +## Data types + +Fype uses auto type conversion. However, if you want to know what's going on, you may take a look at the following basic data types: +* integer - Specifies a number +* double - Specifies a double-precision number +* string - Specifies a string +* number - May be an integer or a double number +* any- May be any type above +* void - No type +* identifier - It's a variable name or a procedure name, or a function name + +There is no boolean type, but we can use the integer values 0 for false and 1 for true. There is support for explicit type casting too. + +## Syntax + +### Comments + +Text from a # character until the end of the current line is considered being a comment. Multi-line comments may start with an #* and with a *# anywhere. Exceptions are if those signs are inside of strings. + +### Variables + +Variables are defined with the "my" keyword (inspired by Perl :-). If you don't assign a value during declaration, it uses the default integer value 0. Variables may be changed during program runtime. Variables may be deleted using the "undef" keyword! Example: + +``` +my foo = 1 + 2; +say foo; + +my bar = 12, baz = foo; +say 1 + bar; +say bar; + +my baz; +say baz; # Will print out 0 +``` + +You may use the "defined" keyword to check if an identifier has been defined or not: + +``` +ifnot defined foo { + say "No foo yet defined"; +} + +my foo = 1; + +if defined foo { + put "foo is defined and has the value "; + say foo; +} +``` + +### Synonyms + +Each variable can have as many synonyms as wished. A synonym is another name to access the content of a specific variable. Here is an example of how to use it: + +``` +my foo = "foo"; +my bar = \foo; +foo = "bar"; + +# The synonym variable should now also set to "bar" +assert "bar" == bar; +``` + +Synonyms can be used for all kind of identifiers. It's not limited to standard variables but can also be used for function and procedure names (more about functions and procedures later). + +``` +# Create a new procedure baz +proc baz { say "I am baz"; } + +# Make a synonym baz, and undefine baz +my bay = \baz; + +undef baz; + +# bay still has a reference of the original procedure baz +bay; # this prints aut "I am baz" +``` + +The "syms" keyword gives you the total number of synonyms pointing to a specific value: + +``` +my foo = 1; +say syms foo; # Prints 1 + +my baz = \foo; +say syms foo; # Prints 2 +say syms baz; # Prints 2 + +undef baz; +say syms foo; # Prints 1 +``` + +## Statements and expressions + +A Fype program is a list of statements. Each keyword, expression or function call is part of a statement. Each statement is ended with a semicolon. Example: + +``` +my bar = 3, foo = 1 + 2; +say foo; +exit foo - bar; +``` + +### Parenthesis + +All parenthesis for function arguments is optional. They help to make the code better readable. They also help to force the precedence of expressions. + +### Basic expressions + +Any "any" value holding a string will be automatically converted to an integer value. + +``` +(any) <any> + <any> +(any) <any> - <any> +(any) <any> * <any> +(any) <any> / <any> +(integer) <any> == <any> +(integer) <any> != <any> +(integer) <any> <= <any> +(integer) <any> gt <any> +(integer) <any> <> <any> +(integer) <any> gt <any> +(integer) not <any> +``` + +### Bitwise expressions + +``` +(integer) <any> :< <any> +(integer) <any> :> <any> +(integer) <any> and <any> +(integer) <any> or <any> +(integer) <any> xor <any> +``` + +### Numeric expressions + +``` +(number) neg <number> +``` + +... returns the negative value of "number": + +``` +(integer) no <integer> +``` + +... returns 1 if the argument is 0; otherwise, it will return 0! If no argument is given, then 0 is returned! + +``` +(integer) yes <integer> +``` + +... always returns 1. The parameter is optional. Example: + +``` +# Prints out 1, because foo is not defined +if yes { say no defined foo; } +``` + +## Control statements + +Control statements available in Fype: + +``` +if <expression> { <statements> } +``` + +... runs the statements if the expression evaluates to a true value. + +``` +ifnot <expression> { <statements> } +``` + +... runs the statements if the expression evaluates to a false value. + +``` +while <expression> { <statements> } +``` + +... runs the statements as long as the expression evaluates to a true value. + +``` +until <expression> { <statements> } +``` + +... runs the statements as long as the expression evaluates to a false value. + +## Scopes + +A new scope starts with an { and ends with an }. An exception is a procedure, which does not use its own scope (see later in this manual). Control statements and functions support scopes. The "scope" function prints out all available symbols at the current scope. Here is a small example: + +``` +my foo = 1; + +{ + # Prints out 1 + put defined foo; + { + my bar = 2; + + # Prints out 1 + put defined bar; + + # Prints out all available symbols at this + # point to stdout. Those are: bar and foo + scope; + } + + # Prints out 0 + put defined bar; + + my baz = 3; +} + +# Prints out 0 +say defined bar; +``` + +Another example including an actual output: + +``` +./fype -e ’my global; func foo { my var4; func bar { my var2, var3; func baz { my var1; scope; } baz; } bar; } foo;’ +Scopes: +Scope stack size: 3 +Global symbols: +SYM_VARIABLE: global (id=00034, line=-0001, pos=-001, type=TT_INTEGER, dval=0.000000, refs=-1) +SYM_FUNCTION: foo +Local symbols: +SYM_VARIABLE: var1 (id=00038, line=-0001, pos=-001, type=TT_INTEGER, dval=0.000000, refs=-1) +1 level(s) up: +SYM_VARIABLE: var2 (id=00036, line=-0001, pos=-001, type=TT_INTEGER, dval=0.000000, refs=-1) +SYM_VARIABLE: var3 (id=00037, line=-0001, pos=-001, type=TT_INTEGER, dval=0.000000, refs=-1) +SYM_FUNCTION: baz +2 level(s) up: +SYM_VARIABLE: var4 (id=00035, line=-0001, pos=-001, type=TT_INTEGER, dval=0.000000, refs=-1) +SYM_FUNCTION: bar +``` + +## Definedness + +``` +(integer) defined <identifier> +``` + +... returns 1 if "identifier" has been defined. Returns 0 otherwise. + +``` +(integer) undef <identifier> +``` + +... tries to undefine/delete the "identifier". Returns 1 if it succeeded, otherwise 0 is returned. + +## System + +These are some system and interpreter specific built-in functions supported: + +``` +(void) end +``` + +... exits the program with the exit status of 0. + +``` +(void) exit <integer> +``` + +... exits the program with the specified exit status. + +``` +(integer) fork +``` + +... forks a subprocess. It returns 0 for the child process and the PID of the child process otherwise! Example: + +``` +my pid = fork; + +if pid { + put "I am the parent process; child has the pid "; + say pid; + +} ifnot pid { + say "I am the child process"; +} +``` + +To execute the garbage collector do: + +``` +(integer) GC +``` + +It returns the number of items freed! You may wonder why most of the time, it will produce a value of 0! Fype tries to free not needed memory ASAP. This may change in future versions to gain faster execution speed! + +### I/O + +``` +(any) put <any> +``` + +... prints out the argument + +``` +(any) say <any> +``` + +is the same as put, but also includes an ending newline. + +``` +(void) ln +``` + +... just prints a new line. + +## Procedures and functions + +### Procedures + +A procedure can be defined with the "proc" keyword and deleted with the "undef" keyword. A procedure does not return any value and does not support parameter passing. It's using already defined variables (e.g. global variables). A procedure does not have its own namespace. It's using the calling namespace. It is possible to define new variables inside of a procedure in the current namespace. + +``` +proc foo { + say 1 + a * 3 + b; + my c = 6; +} + +my a = 2, b = 4; + +foo; # Run the procedure. Print out "11\n" +say c; # Print out "6\n"; +``` + +### Nested procedures + +It's possible to define procedures inside of procedures. Since procedures don't have their own scope, nested procedures will be available to the current scope as soon as the main procedure has run the first time. You may use the "defined" keyword to check if a procedure has been defined or not. + +``` +proc foo { + say "I am foo"; + + undef bar; + proc bar { + say "I am bar"; + } +} + +# Here bar would produce an error because +# the proc is not yet defined! +# bar; + +foo; # Here the procedure foo will define the procedure bar! +bar; # Now the procedure bar is defined! +foo; # Here the procedure foo will redefine bar again! +``` + +### Functions + +A function can be defined with the "func" keyword and deleted with the "undef" keyword. Function do not yet return values and do not yet supports parameter passing. It's using local (lexical scoped) variables. If a certain variable does not exist, when It's using already defined variables (e.g. one scope above). + +``` +func foo { + say 1 + a * 3 + b; + my c = 6; +} + +my a = 2, b = 4; + +foo; # Run the procedure. Print out "11\n" +say c; # Will produce an error because c is out of scope! +``` + +### Nested functions + +Nested functions work the same way the nested procedures work, except that nested functions will not be available anymore after the function has been left! + +``` +func foo { + func bar { + say "Hello i am nested"; + } + + bar; # Calling nested +} + +foo; +bar; # Will produce an error because bar is out of scope! +``` + +## Arrays + +Some progress on arrays has been made too. The following example creates a multidimensional array "foo". Its first element is the return value of the func which is "bar". The fourth value is a string" 3" converted to a double number. The last element is an anonymous array which itself contains another anonymous array as its final element: + +``` +func bar { say ”bar” } +my foo = [bar, 1, 4/2, double ”3”, [”A”, [”BA”, ”BB”]]]; +say foo; +``` + +It produces the following output: + +``` +% ./fype arrays.fy +bar +01 +2 +3.000000 +A +BA +BB +``` + +## Fancy stuff + +Fancy stuff like OOP or Unicode or threading is not planed. But fancy stuff like function pointers and closures may be considered.:) + +## May the source be with you + +You can find all of this on the GitHub page. There is also an "examples" folders containing some Fype scripts! + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/fype + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2011-05-07-perl-daemon-service-framework.gmi.tpl.62ef757776fbb71d8e8117128b31b664f56d5c4fd0bcd6c62eca6994b9b1fa63 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2011-05-07-perl-daemon-service-framework.gmi.tpl.62ef757776fbb71d8e8117128b31b664f56d5c4fd0bcd6c62eca6994b9b1fa63 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8465297b --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2011-05-07-perl-daemon-service-framework.gmi.tpl.62ef757776fbb71d8e8117128b31b664f56d5c4fd0bcd6c62eca6994b9b1fa63 @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +# Perl Daemon (Service Framework) + +> Published at 2011-05-07T22:26:02+01:00; Updated at 2021-05-07 + +PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other Unix like operating systems programmed in Perl. It is a minimal but pretty functional and fairly generic service framework. This means that it does not do anything useful other than providing a framework for starting, stopping, configuring and logging. To do something useful, a module (written in Perl) must be provided. + +``` + a'! _,,_ a'! _,,_ a'! _,,_ + \\_/ \ \\_/ \ \\_/ \.-, + \, /-( /'-,\, /-( /'-, \, /-( / + //\ //\\ //\ //\\ //\ //\\jrei +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Features + +PerlDaemon supports: + +* Automatic daemonizing +* Logging +* log rotation (via SIGHUP) +* Clean shutdown support (SIGTERM) +* Pid file support (incl. check on startup) +* Easy to configure +* Easy to extend +* Multi-instance support (just use a different directory for each instance). + +## Quick Guide + +```sh +# Starting + ./bin/perldaemon start (or shortcut ./control start) + +# Stopping + ./bin/perldaemon stop (or shortcut ./control stop) + +# Alternatively: Starting in foreground +./bin/perldaemon start daemon.daemonize=no (or shortcut ./control foreground) +``` + +To stop a daemon from running in foreground mode, "Ctrl+C" must be hit. To see more available startup options run "./control" without any argument. + +## How to configure + +The daemon instance can be configured in "./conf/perldaemon.conf". If you want to change a property only once, it is also possible to specify it on the command line (which will take precedence over the config file). All available config properties can be displayed via "./control keys": + +```sh +pb@titania:~/svn/utils/perldaemon/trunk$ ./control keys +# Path to the logfile +daemon.logfile=./log/perldaemon.log + +# The amount of seconds until the next event look takes place +daemon.loopinterval=1 + +# Path to the modules dir +daemon.modules.dir=./lib/PerlDaemonModules + +# Specifies either the daemon should run in daemon or foreground mode +daemon.daemonize=yes + +# Path to the pidfile +daemon.pidfile=./run/perldaemon.pid + +# Each module should run every run interval seconds +daemon.modules.runinterval=3 + +# Path to the alive file (is touched every loop interval seconds, usable for monitoring) +daemon.alivefile=./run/perldaemon.alive + +# Specifies the working directory +daemon.wd=./ +``` + +## Example + +So let's start the daemon with a loop interval of 10 seconds: + +```sh +$ ./control keys | grep daemon.loopinterval +daemon.loopinterval=1 +$ ./control keys daemon.loopinterval=10 | grep daemon.loopinterval +daemon.loopinterval=10 +$ ./control start daemon.loopinterval=10; sleep 10; tail -n 2 log/perldaemon.log +Starting daemon now... +Mon Jun 13 11:29:27 2011 (PID 2838): Triggering PerlDaemonModules::ExampleModule +(last triggered before 10.002106s; carry: 7.002106s; wanted interval: 3s) +Mon Jun 13 11:29:27 2011 (PID 2838): ExampleModule Test 2 +$ ./control stop +Stopping daemon now... +``` + +If you want to change that property forever, either edit perldaemon.conf or do this: + +```sh +$ ./control keys daemon.loopinterval=10 > new.conf; mv new.conf conf/perldaemon.conf +``` + +## HiRes event loop + +PerlDaemon uses `Time::HiRes` to make sure that all the events run incorrect intervals. For each loop run, a time carry value is recorded and added to the next loop run to catch up on lost time. + +## Writing your own modules + +### Example module + +This is one of the example modules you will find in the source code. It should be pretty self-explanatory if you know Perl :-). + +```perl +package PerlDaemonModules::ExampleModule; + +use strict; +use warnings; + +sub new ($$$) { + my ($class, $conf) = @_; + + my $self = bless { conf => $conf }, $class; + + # Store some private module stuff + $self->{counter} = 0; + + return $self; +} + +# Runs periodically in a loop (set interval in perldaemon.conf) +sub do ($) { + my $self = shift; + my $conf = $self->{conf}; + my $logger = $conf->{logger}; + + # Calculate some private module stuff + my $count = ++$self->{counter}; + + $logger->logmsg("ExampleModule Test $count"); +} + +1; +``` + +### Your own module + +Want to give it some better use? It's just as easy as: + +```sh + cd ./lib/PerlDaemonModules/ + cp ExampleModule.pm YourModule.pm + vi YourModule.pm + cd - + ./bin/perldaemon restart (or shortcurt ./control restart) +``` + +Now watch `./log/perldaemon.log` closely. It is a good practice to test your modules in 'foreground mode' (see above how to do that). + +BTW: You can install as many modules within the same instance as desired. But they are run in sequential order (in future, they can also run in parallel using several threads or processes). + +## May the source be with you + +You can find PerlDaemon (including the examples) at: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex perl + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2015-12-05-run-debian-on-your-phone-with-debroid.gmi.tpl.6b6aaeb972eb69a3fae8630218bf7929803353053b21f20d55de72dec5e3d073 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2015-12-05-run-debian-on-your-phone-with-debroid.gmi.tpl.6b6aaeb972eb69a3fae8630218bf7929803353053b21f20d55de72dec5e3d073 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8b153366 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2015-12-05-run-debian-on-your-phone-with-debroid.gmi.tpl.6b6aaeb972eb69a3fae8630218bf7929803353053b21f20d55de72dec5e3d073 @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +# Run Debian on your phone with Debroid + +> Published at 2015-12-05T16:12:57+00:00; Updated at 2021-05-16 + +You can use the following tutorial to install a full-blown Debian GNU/Linux Chroot on an LG G3 D855 CyanogenMod 13 (Android 6). First of all, you need to have root permissions on your phone, and you also need to have the developer mode activated. The following steps have been tested on Linux (Fedora 23). + +=> ./run-debian-on-your-phone-with-debroid/Deboroid.png + +A couple of years have passed since I last worked on Debroid. Currently, I am using the Termux app on Android, which is less sophisticated than a fully blown Debian installation but sufficient for my current requirements. The content of this site may be still relevant, and it would also work with more recent versions of Debian and Android. I would expect that some minor modifications need to be made, though. + +``` + ____ _ _ _ +| _ \ ___| |__ _ __ ___ (_) __| | +| | | |/ _ \ '_ \| '__/ _ \| |/ _` | +| |_| | __/ |_) | | | (_) | | (_| | +|____/ \___|_.__/|_| \___/|_|\__,_| + +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Step by step guide + +All scripts mentioned here can be found on GitHub at: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/debroid + +### First debootstrap stage + +This is to be performed on a Fedora Linux machine (could work on a Debian too, but Fedora is just what I use on my Laptop). The following steps prepare an initial Debian base image, which can then be transferred to the phone. + +```sh +sudo dnf install debootstrap +# 5g +dd if=/dev/zero of=jessie.img bs=$[ 1024 * 1024 ] \ + count=$[ 1024 * 5 ] + +# Show used loop devices +sudo losetup -f +# Store the next free one to $loop +loop=loopN +sudo losetup /dev/$loop jessie.img + +mkdir jessie +sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/$loop +sudo mount /dev/$loop jessie +sudo debootstrap --foreign --variant=minbase \ + --arch armel jessie jessie/ \ + http://http.debian.net/debian +sudo umount jessie +``` + +### Copy Debian image to the phone + +Now setup the Debian image on an external SD card on the Phone via Android Debugger as follows: + +```sh +adb root && adb wait-for-device && adb shell +mkdir -p /storage/sdcard1/Linux/jessie +exit + +# Sparse image problem, may be too big for copying otherwise +gzip jessie.img +# Copy over +adb push jessie.img.gz /storage/sdcard1/Linux/jessie.img.gz +adb shell +cd /storage/sdcard1/Linux +gunzip jessie.img.gz + +# Show used loop devices +losetup -f +# Store the next free one to $loop +loop=loopN + +# Use the next free one (replace the loop number) +losetup /dev/block/$loop $(pwd)/jessie.img +mount -t ext4 /dev/block/$loop $(pwd)/jessie + +# Bind-Mound proc, dev, sys` +busybox mount --bind /proc $(pwd)/jessie/proc +busybox mount --bind /dev $(pwd)/jessie/dev +busybox mount --bind /dev/pts $(pwd)/jessie/dev/pts +busybox mount --bind /sys $(pwd)/jessie/sys + +# Bind-Mound the rest of Android +mkdir -p $(pwd)/jessie/storage/sdcard{0,1} +busybox mount --bind /storage/emulated \ + $(pwd)/jessie/storage/sdcard0 +busybox mount --bind /storage/sdcard1 \ + $(pwd)/jessie/storage/sdcard1 + +# Check mounts +mount | grep jessie +``` + +### Second debootstrap stage + +This is to be performed on the Android phone itself (inside a Debian chroot): + +```sh +chroot $(pwd)/jessie /bin/bash -l +export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin +/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage +exit # Leave chroot +exit # Leave adb shell +``` + +### Setup of various scripts + +jessie.sh deals with all the loopback mount magic and so on. It will be run later every time you start Debroid on your phone. + +```sh +# Install script jessie.sh +adb push storage/sdcard1/Linux/jessie.sh /storage/sdcard/Linux/jessie.sh +adb shell +cd /storage/sdcard1/Linux +sh jessie.sh enter + +# Bashrc +cat <<END >~/.bashrc +export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:$PATH +export EDITOR=vim +hostname $(cat /etc/hostname) +END + +# Fixing an error message while loading the profile +sed -i s#id#/usr/bin/id# /etc/profile + +# Setting the hostname +echo phobos > /etc/hostname +echo 127.0.0.1 phobos > /etc/hosts +hostname phobos + +# Apt-sources +cat <<END > sources.list +deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +END +apt-get update +apt-get upgrade +apt-get dist-upgrade +exit # Exit chroot +``` + +### Entering Debroid and enable a service + +This enters Debroid on your phone and starts the example service uptimed: + +```sh +sh jessie.sh enter + +# Setup example serice uptimed +apt-get install uptimed +cat <<END > /etc/rc.debroid +export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:$PATH +service uptimed status &>/dev/null || service uptimed start +exit 0 +END + +chmod 0755 /etc/rc.debroid +exit # Exit chroot +exit # Exit adb shell +``` + +### Include to Android startup: + +If you want to start Debroid automatically whenever your phone starts, then do the following: + +```sh +adb push data/local/userinit.sh /data/local/userinit.sh +adb shell +chmod +x /data/local/userinit.sh +exit +``` + +Reboot & test! Enjoy! + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-04-09-jails-and-zfs-on-freebsd-with-puppet.gmi.tpl.221f1043b07e8b62c50d3650714e4f5485d943e8015f956eefabf0ad617fe617 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-04-09-jails-and-zfs-on-freebsd-with-puppet.gmi.tpl.221f1043b07e8b62c50d3650714e4f5485d943e8015f956eefabf0ad617fe617 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..75bb7ac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-04-09-jails-and-zfs-on-freebsd-with-puppet.gmi.tpl.221f1043b07e8b62c50d3650714e4f5485d943e8015f956eefabf0ad617fe617 @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +# Jails and ZFS with Puppet on FreeBSD + +> Published at 2016-04-09T18:29:47+01:00 + +Over the last couple of years I wrote quite a few Puppet modules in order to manage my personal server infrastructure. One of them manages FreeBSD Jails and another one ZFS file systems. I thought I would give a brief overview in how it looks and feels. + +``` + __ __ + (( \---/ )) + )__ __( + / ()___() \ + \ /(_)\ / + \ \_|_/ / + _______> <_______ + //\ |>o<| /\\ + \\/___ ___\// + | | + | | + | | + | | + `--....---' + \ \ + \ `. hjw + \ `. +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## ZFS + +The ZFS module is a pretty basic one. It does not manage ZFS pools yet as I am not creating them often enough which would justify implementing an automation. But let's see how we can create a ZFS file system (on an already given ZFS pool named ztank): + +Puppet snippet: + +``` +zfs::create { 'ztank/foo': + ensure => present, + filesystem => '/srv/foo', + + require => File['/srv'], +} +``` + +Puppet run: + +``` +admin alphacentauri:/opt/git/server/puppet/manifests [1212]% puppet.apply +Password: +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Notice: Compiled catalog for alphacentauri.home in environment production in 7.14 seconds +Info: Applying configuration version '1460189837' +Info: mount[files]: allowing * access +Info: mount[restricted]: allowing * access +Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[alphacentauri]/Zfs::Create[ztank/foo]/Exec[ztank/foo_create]/returns: executed successfully +Notice: Finished catalog run in 25.41 seconds +admin alphacentauri:~ [1213]% zfs list | grep foo +ztank/foo 96K 1.13T 96K /srv/foo +admin alphacentauri:~ [1214]% df | grep foo +ztank/foo 1214493520 96 1214493424 0% /srv/foo +admin alphacentauri:~ [1215]% +``` + +The destruction of the file system just requires to set "ensure" to "absent" in Puppet: + +``` +zfs::create { 'ztank/foo': + ensure => absent, + filesystem => '/srv/foo', + + require => File['/srv'], +}¬ +``` + +Puppet run: + +``` +admin alphacentauri:/opt/git/server/puppet/manifests [1220]% puppet.apply +Password: +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Notice: Compiled catalog for alphacentauri.home in environment production in 6.14 seconds +Info: Applying configuration version '1460190203' +Info: mount[files]: allowing * access +Info: mount[restricted]: allowing * access +Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Node[alphacentauri]/Zfs::Create[ztank/foo]/Exec[zfs destroy -r ztank/foo]/returns: executed successfully +Notice: Finished catalog run in 22.72 seconds +admin alphacentauri:/opt/git/server/puppet/manifests [1221]% zfs list | grep foo +zsh: done zfs list | +zsh: exit 1 grep foo +admin alphacentauri:/opt/git/server/puppet/manifests [1222:1]% df | grep foo +zsh: done df | +zsh: exit 1 grep foo +``` + +## Jails + +Here is an example in how a FreeBSD Jail can be created. The Jail will have its own public IPv6 address. And it will have its own internal IPv4 address with IPv4 NAT to the internet (this is due to the limitation that the host server only got one public IPv4 address which requires sharing between all the Jails). + +Furthermore, Puppet will ensure that the Jail will have its own ZFS file system (internally it is using the ZFS module). Please notice that the NAT requires the packet filter to be setup correctly (not covered in this blog post). + +``` +include jail::freebsd + +# Cloned interface for Jail IPv4 NAT +freebsd::rc_config { 'cloned_interfaces': + value => 'lo1', +} +freebsd::rc_config { 'ipv4_addrs_lo1': + value => '192.168.0.1-24/24' +} + +freebsd::ipalias { '2a01:4f8:120:30e8::17': + ensure => up, + proto => 'inet6', + preflen => '64', + interface => 're0', + aliasnum => '8', +} + +class { 'jail': + ensure => present, + jails_config => { + sync => { + '_ensure' => present, + '_type' => 'freebsd', + '_mirror' => 'ftp://ftp.de.freebsd.org', + '_remote_path' => 'FreeBSD/releases/amd64/10.1-RELEASE', + '_dists' => [ 'base.txz', 'doc.txz', ], + '_ensure_directories' => [ '/opt', '/opt/enc' ], + '_ensure_zfs' => [ '/sync' ], + 'host.hostname' => "'sync.ian.buetow.org'", + 'ip4.addr' => '192.168.0.17', + 'ip6.addr' => '2a01:4f8:120:30e8::17', + }, + } +} +``` + +This is how the result looks like: + +``` +admin sun:/etc [1939]% puppet.apply +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Notice: Compiled catalog for sun.ian.buetow.org in environment production in 1.80 seconds +Info: Applying configuration version '1460190986' +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/File[/etc/jail.conf]/ensure: created +Info: mount[files]: allowing * access +Info: mount[restricted]: allowing * access +Info: Computing checksum on file /etc/motd +Info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum fced1b6e89f50ef2c40b0d7fba9defe8 +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/File[/jail/sync]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Zfs::Create[zroot/jail/sync]/Exec[zroot/jail/sync_create]/returns: executed successfully +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/File[/jail/sync/opt]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/File[/jail/sync/opt/enc]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Jail::Ensure_zfs[/sync]/Zfs::Create[zroot/jail/sync/sync]/Exec[zroot/jail/sync/sync_create]/returns: executed successfully +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Jail::Freebsd::Create[sync]/File[/jail/sync/.jailbootstrap]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Jail::Freebsd::Create[sync]/File[/etc/fstab.jail.sync]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Jail::Freebsd::Create[sync]/File[/jail/sync/.jailbootstrap/bootstrap.sh]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/Jail/Jail::Create[sync]/Jail::Freebsd::Create[sync]/Exec[sync_bootstrap]/returns: executed successfully +Notice: Finished catalog run in 49.72 seconds +admin sun:/etc [1942]% ls -l /jail/sync +total 154 +-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 6198 11 Nov 2014 COPYRIGHT +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 47 11 Nov 2014 bin +drwxr-xr-x 7 root wheel 43 11 Nov 2014 boot +dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2 11 Nov 2014 dev +drwxr-xr-x 23 root wheel 101 9 Apr 10:37 etc +drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 50 11 Nov 2014 lib +drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 4 11 Nov 2014 libexec +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2 11 Nov 2014 media +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2 11 Nov 2014 mnt +drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 3 9 Apr 10:36 opt +dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2 11 Nov 2014 proc +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 143 11 Nov 2014 rescue +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 6 11 Nov 2014 root +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 132 11 Nov 2014 sbin +drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2 9 Apr 10:36 sync +lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 11 11 Nov 2014 sys -> usr/src/sys +drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 2 11 Nov 2014 tmp +drwxr-xr-x 14 root wheel 14 11 Nov 2014 usr +drwxr-xr-x 24 root wheel 24 11 Nov 2014 var +admin sun:/etc [1943]% zfs list | grep sync;df | grep sync +zroot/jail/sync 162M 343G 162M /jail/sync +zroot/jail/sync/sync 144K 343G 144K /jail/sync/sync +/opt/enc 5061624 84248 4572448 2% /jail/sync/opt/enc +zroot/jail/sync 360214972 166372 360048600 0% /jail/sync +zroot/jail/sync/sync 360048744 144 360048600 0% /jail/sync/sync +admin sun:/etc [1944]% cat /etc/fstab.jail.sync +# Generated by Puppet for a Jail. +# Can contain file systems to be mounted curing jail start. +admin sun:/etc [1945]% cat /etc/jail.conf +# Generated by Puppet + +allow.chflags = true; +exec.start = '/bin/sh /etc/rc'; +exec.stop = '/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown'; +mount.devfs = true; +mount.fstab = "/etc/fstab.jail.$name"; +path = "/jail/$name"; + +sync { + host.hostname = 'sync.ian.buetow.org'; + ip4.addr = 192.168.0.17; + ip6.addr = 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::17; +} +admin sun:/etc [1955]% sudo service jail start sync +Password: +Starting jails: sync. +admin sun:/etc [1956]% jls | grep sync + 103 192.168.0.17 sync.ian.buetow.org /jail/sync +admin sun:/etc [1957]% sudo jexec 103 /bin/csh +root@sync:/ # ifconfig -a +re0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 + options=8209b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_MAGIC,LINKSTATE> + ether 50:46:5d:9f:fd:1e + inet6 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::17 prefixlen 64 + nd6 options=8021<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL,DEFAULTIF> + media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>) + status: active +lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 + options=600003<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,RXCSUM_IPV6,TXCSUM_IPV6> + nd6 options=21<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL> + lo1: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 + options=600003<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,RXCSUM_IPV6,TXCSUM_IPV6> + inet 192.168.0.17 netmask 0xffffffff + nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL> +``` + +## Inside-Jail Puppet + +To automatically setup the applications running in the Jail I am using Puppet as well. I wrote a few scripts which bootstrap Puppet inside of a newly created Jail. It is doing the following: + +* Mounts an encrypted container (containing a secret Puppet manifests [git repository]) +* Activates "pkg-ng", the FreeBSD binary package manager, in the Jail +* Installs Puppet plus all dependencies in the Jail +* Updates the Jail via "freebsd-update" to the latest version +* Restarts the Jail and invokes Puppet. +* Puppet then also schedules a periodic cron job for the next Puppet runs. + +``` +admin sun:~ [1951]% sudo /opt/snonux/local/etc/init.d/enc activate sync +Starting jails: dns. +The package management tool is not yet installed on your system. +Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y +Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/freebsd:10:x86:64/latest, please wait... +Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Installing pkg-1.7.2... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Extracting pkg-1.7.2: 100% +Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching meta.txz: 100% 944 B 0.9kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching packagesite.txz: 100% 5 MiB 5.6MB/s 00:01 +Processing entries: 100% +FreeBSD repository update completed. 25091 packages processed. +Updating database digests format: 100% +The following 20 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): + + New packages to be INSTALLED: + git: 2.7.4_1 + expat: 2.1.0_3 + python27: 2.7.11_1 + libffi: 3.2.1 + indexinfo: 0.2.4 + gettext-runtime: 0.19.7 + p5-Error: 0.17024 + perl5: 5.20.3_9 + cvsps: 2.1_1 + p5-Authen-SASL: 2.16_1 + p5-Digest-HMAC: 1.03_1 + p5-GSSAPI: 0.28_1 + curl: 7.48.0_1 + ca_root_nss: 3.22.2 + p5-Net-SMTP-SSL: 1.03 + p5-IO-Socket-SSL: 2.024 + p5-Net-SSLeay: 1.72 + p5-IO-Socket-IP: 0.37 + p5-Socket: 2.021 + p5-Mozilla-CA: 20160104 + + The process will require 144 MiB more space. + 30 MiB to be downloaded. +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching git-2.7.4_1.txz: 100% 4 MiB 3.7MB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching expat-2.1.0_3.txz: 100% 98 KiB 100.2kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching python27-2.7.11_1.txz: 100% 10 MiB 10.7MB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching libffi-3.2.1.txz: 100% 35 KiB 36.2kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching indexinfo-0.2.4.txz: 100% 5 KiB 5.0kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching gettext-runtime-0.19.7.txz: 100% 148 KiB 151.1kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Error-0.17024.txz: 100% 24 KiB 24.8kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching perl5-5.20.3_9.txz: 100% 13 MiB 6.9MB/s 00:02 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching cvsps-2.1_1.txz: 100% 41 KiB 42.1kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Authen-SASL-2.16_1.txz: 100% 44 KiB 45.1kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Digest-HMAC-1.03_1.txz: 100% 9 KiB 9.5kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-GSSAPI-0.28_1.txz: 100% 41 KiB 41.7kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching curl-7.48.0_1.txz: 100% 2 MiB 2.2MB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching ca_root_nss-3.22.2.txz: 100% 324 KiB 331.4kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Net-SMTP-SSL-1.03.txz: 100% 11 KiB 10.8kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-IO-Socket-SSL-2.024.txz: 100% 153 KiB 156.4kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Net-SSLeay-1.72.txz: 100% 234 KiB 239.3kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-IO-Socket-IP-0.37.txz: 100% 27 KiB 27.4kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Socket-2.021.txz: 100% 37 KiB 38.0kB/s 00:01 +[sync.ian.buetow.org] Fetching p5-Mozilla-CA-20160104.txz: 100% 147 KiB 150.8kB/s 00:01 +Checking integrity... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [1/12] Installing libyaml-0.1.6_2... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [1/12] Extracting libyaml-0.1.6_2: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [2/12] Installing libedit-3.1.20150325_2... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [2/12] Extracting libedit-3.1.20150325_2: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [3/12] Installing ruby-2.2.4,1... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [3/12] Extracting ruby-2.2.4,1: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [4/12] Installing ruby22-gems-2.6.2... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [4/12] Extracting ruby22-gems-2.6.2: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [5/12] Installing libxml2-2.9.3... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [5/12] Extracting libxml2-2.9.3: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [6/12] Installing dmidecode-3.0... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [6/12] Extracting dmidecode-3.0: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [7/12] Installing rubygem-json_pure-1.8.3... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [7/12] Extracting rubygem-json_pure-1.8.3: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [8/12] Installing augeas-1.4.0... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [8/12] Extracting augeas-1.4.0: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [9/12] Installing rubygem-facter-2.4.4... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [9/12] Extracting rubygem-facter-2.4.4: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [10/12] Installing rubygem-hiera1-1.3.4_1... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [10/12] Extracting rubygem-hiera1-1.3.4_1: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [11/12] Installing rubygem-ruby-augeas-0.5.0_2... +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [11/12] Extracting rubygem-ruby-augeas-0.5.0_2: 100% +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [12/12] Installing puppet38-3.8.4_1... +===> Creating users and/or groups. +Creating group 'puppet' with gid '814'. +Creating user 'puppet' with uid '814'. +[sync.ian.buetow.org] [12/12] Extracting puppet38-3.8.4_1: 100% +. +. +. +. +. +Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 4 mirrors found. +Fetching public key from update4.freebsd.org... done. +Fetching metadata signature for 10.1-RELEASE from update4.freebsd.org... done. +Fetching metadata index... done. +Fetching 2 metadata files... done. +Inspecting system... done. +Preparing to download files... done. +Fetching 874 patches.....10....20....30.... +. +. +. +Applying patches... done. +Fetching 1594 files... +Installing updates... +done. +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Info: Loading facts +Could not retrieve fact='pkgng_version', resolution='<anonymous>': undefined method `pkgng_enabled' for Facter:Module +Warning: Config file /usr/local/etc/puppet/hiera.yaml not found, using Hiera defaults +Notice: Compiled catalog for sync.ian.buetow.org in environment production in 1.31 seconds +Warning: Found multiple default providers for package: pkgng, gem, pip; using pkgng +Info: Applying configuration version '1460192563' +Notice: /Stage[main]/S_base_freebsd/User[root]/shell: shell changed '/bin/csh' to '/bin/tcsh' +Notice: /Stage[main]/S_user::Root_files/S_user::All_files[root_user]/File[/root/user]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/S_user::Root_files/S_user::My_files[root]/File[/root/userfiles]/ensure: created +Notice: /Stage[main]/S_user::Root_files/S_user::My_files[root]/File[/root/.task]/ensure: created +. +. +. +. +Notice: Finished catalog run in 206.09 seconds +``` + +## Managing multiple Jails + +Of course I am operating multiple Jails on the same host this way with Puppet: + +* A Jail for the MTA +* A Jail for the Webserver +* A Jail for BIND DNS server +* A Jail for syncing data forth and back between various servers +* A Jail for other personal (experimental) use +* ...etc + +All done in a pretty automated manor. + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other *BSD related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex bsd + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-05-22-spinning-up-my-own-authoritative-dns-servers.gmi.tpl.ae0939420799accbfb4991d23cd55cf95cc1d66fc0abd0db147a8478d3a2177c b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-05-22-spinning-up-my-own-authoritative-dns-servers.gmi.tpl.ae0939420799accbfb4991d23cd55cf95cc1d66fc0abd0db147a8478d3a2177c new file mode 100644 index 00000000..39415e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2016-05-22-spinning-up-my-own-authoritative-dns-servers.gmi.tpl.ae0939420799accbfb4991d23cd55cf95cc1d66fc0abd0db147a8478d3a2177c @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +# Spinning up my own authoritative DNS servers + +> Published at 2016-05-22T18:59:01+01:00 + +Finally, I had time to deploy my authoritative DNS servers (master and slave) for my domains "buetow.org" and "buetow.zone". My domain name provider is Schlund Technologies. They allow their customers to edit the DNS records (BIND files) manually. And they also allow you to set your authoritative DNS servers for your domains. From now, I am making use of that option. + +=> http://www.schlundtech.de Schlund Technologies + +<< template::inline::toc + +## All FreeBSD Jails + +To set up my authoritative DNS servers, I installed a FreeBSD Jail dedicated for DNS with Puppet on my root machine as follows: + +``` +include freebsd + +freebsd::ipalias { '2a01:4f8:120:30e8::14': + ensure => up, + proto => 'inet6', + preflen => '64', + interface => 're0', + aliasnum => '5', +} + +include jail::freebsd + +class { 'jail': + ensure => present, + jails_config => { + dns => { + '_ensure' => present, + '_type' => 'freebsd', + '_mirror' => 'ftp://ftp.de.freebsd.org', + '_remote_path' => 'FreeBSD/releases/amd64/10.1-RELEASE', + '_dists' => [ 'base.txz', 'doc.txz', ], + '_ensure_directories' => [ '/opt', '/opt/enc' ], + 'host.hostname' => "'dns.ian.buetow.org'", + 'ip4.addr' => '192.168.0.15', + 'ip6.addr' => '2a01:4f8:120:30e8::15', + }, + . + . + } +} +``` + +## PF firewall + +Please note that "dns.ian.buetow.org" is just the Jail name of the master DNS server (and "caprica.ian.buetow.org" the name of the Jail for the slave DNS server) and that I am using the DNS names "dns1.buetow.org" (master) and "dns2.buetow.org" (slave) for the actual service names (these are the DNS servers visible to the public). Please also note that the IPv4 address is an internal one. I have a PF to use NAT and PAT. The DNS ports are being forwarded (TCP and UDP) to that Jail. By default, all ports are blocked, so I am adding an exception rule for the IPv6 address. These are the PF rules in use: + +``` +% cat /etc/pf.conf +. +. +# dns.ian.buetow.org +rdr pass on re0 proto tcp from any to $pub_ip port {53} -> 192.168.0.15 +rdr pass on re0 proto udp from any to $pub_ip port {53} -> 192.168.0.15 +pass in on re0 inet6 proto tcp from any to 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::15 port {53} flags S/SA keep state +pass in on re0 inet6 proto udp from any to 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::15 port {53} flags S/SA keep state +. +. +``` + +## Puppet managed BIND zone files + +In "manifests/dns.pp" (the Puppet manifest for the Master DNS Jail itself), I configured the BIND DNS server this way: + +``` +class { 'bind_freebsd': + config => "puppet:///files/bind/named.${::hostname}.conf", + dynamic_config => "puppet:///files/bind/dynamic.${::hostname}", +} +``` + +The Puppet module is a pretty simple one. It installs the file "/usr/local/etc/named/named.conf" and it populates the "/usr/local/etc/named/dynamicdb" directory with all my zone files. + +Once (Puppet-) applied inside of the Jail, I get this: + +``` +paul uranus:~/git/blog/source [4268]% ssh admin@dns1.buetow.org.buetow.org pgrep -lf named +60748 /usr/local/sbin/named -u bind -c /usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf +paul uranus:~/git/blog/source [4269]% ssh admin@dns1.buetow.org.buetow.org tail -n 13 /usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf +zone "buetow.org" { + type master; + notify yes; + allow-update { key "buetoworgkey"; }; + file "/usr/local/etc/namedb/dynamic/buetow.org"; +}; + +zone "buetow.zone" { + type master; + notify yes; + allow-update { key "buetoworgkey"; }; + file "/usr/local/etc/namedb/dynamic/buetow.zone"; +}; +paul uranus:~/git/blog/source [4277]% ssh admin@dns1.buetow.org.buetow.org cat /usr/local/etc/namedb/dynamic/buetow.org +$TTL 3600 +@ IN SOA dns1.buetow.org. domains.buetow.org. ( + 25 ; Serial + 604800 ; Refresh + 86400 ; Retry + 2419200 ; Expire + 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL +; Infrastructure domains +@ IN NS dns1 +@ IN NS dns2 +* 300 IN CNAME web.ian +buetow.org. 86400 IN A 78.46.80.70 +buetow.org. 86400 IN AAAA 2a01:4f8:120:30e8:0:0:0:11 +buetow.org. 86400 IN MX 10 mail.ian +dns1 86400 IN A 78.46.80.70 +dns1 86400 IN AAAA 2a01:4f8:120:30e8:0:0:0:15 +dns2 86400 IN A 164.177.171.32 +dns2 86400 IN AAAA 2a03:2500:1:6:20:: +. +. +. +. +``` + +That is my master DNS server. My slave DNS server runs in another Jail on another bare-metal machine. Everything is set up similar to the master DNS server. However, that server is located in a different DC and different IP subnets. The only difference is the "named.conf". It's configured to be a slave, and that means that the "dynamicdb" gets populated by BIND itself while doing zone transfers from the master. + +``` +paul uranus:~/git/blog/source [4279]% ssh admin@dns2.buetow.org tail -n 11 /usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf +zone "buetow.org" { + type slave; + masters { 78.46.80.70; }; + file "/usr/local/etc/namedb/dynamic/buetow.org"; +}; + +zone "buetow.zone" { + type slave; + masters { 78.46.80.70; }; + file "/usr/local/etc/namedb/dynamic/buetow.zone"; +}; +``` + +## The result + +The result looks like this now: + +``` +% dig -t ns buetow.org +; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-RedHat-9.10.3-12.P4.fc23 <<>> -t ns buetow.org +;; global options: +cmd +;; Got answer: +;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37883 +;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 + +;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: +; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 +;; QUESTION SECTION: +;buetow.org. IN NS + +;; ANSWER SECTION: +buetow.org. 600 IN NS dns2.buetow.org. +buetow.org. 600 IN NS dns1.buetow.org. + +;; Query time: 41 msec +;; SERVER: 192.168.1.254#53(192.168.1.254) +;; WHEN: Sun May 22 11:34:11 BST 2016 +;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 77 + +% dig -t any buetow.org @dns1.buetow.org +; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-RedHat-9.10.3-12.P4.fc23 <<>> -t any buetow.org @dns1.buetow.org +;; global options: +cmd +;; Got answer: +;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 49876 +;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 7 + +;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: +; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 +;; QUESTION SECTION: +;buetow.org. IN ANY + +;; ANSWER SECTION: +buetow.org. 86400 IN A 78.46.80.70 +buetow.org. 86400 IN AAAA 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::11 +buetow.org. 86400 IN MX 10 mail.ian.buetow.org. +buetow.org. 3600 IN SOA dns1.buetow.org. domains.buetow.org. 25 604800 86400 2419200 604800 +buetow.org. 3600 IN NS dns2.buetow.org. +buetow.org. 3600 IN NS dns1.buetow.org. + +;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: +mail.ian.buetow.org. 86400 IN A 78.46.80.70 +dns1.buetow.org. 86400 IN A 78.46.80.70 +dns2.buetow.org. 86400 IN A 164.177.171.32 +mail.ian.buetow.org. 86400 IN AAAA 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::12 +dns1.buetow.org. 86400 IN AAAA 2a01:4f8:120:30e8::15 +dns2.buetow.org. 86400 IN AAAA 2a03:2500:1:6:20:: + +;; Query time: 42 msec +;; SERVER: 78.46.80.70#53(78.46.80.70) +;; WHEN: Sun May 22 11:34:41 BST 2016 +;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 322 +``` + +## Monitoring + +For monitoring, I am using Icinga2 (I am operating two Icinga2 instances in two different DCs). I may have to post another blog article about Icinga2, but to get the idea, these were the snippets added to my Icinga2 configuration: + +``` +apply Service "dig" { + import "generic-service" + + check_command = "dig" + vars.dig_lookup = "buetow.org" + vars.timeout = 30 + + assign where host.name == "dns.ian.buetow.org" || host.name == "caprica.ian.buetow.org" +} + +apply Service "dig6" { + import "generic-service" + + check_command = "dig" + vars.dig_lookup = "buetow.org" + vars.timeout = 30 + vars.check_ipv6 = true + + assign where host.name == "dns.ian.buetow.org" || host.name == "caprica.ian.buetow.org" +} +``` + +## DNS update workflow + +Whenever I have to change a DNS entry, all I have to do is: + +* Git clone or update the Puppet repository +* Update/commit and push the zone file (e.g. "buetow.org") +* Wait for Puppet. Puppet will deploy that updated zone file. And it will reload the BIND server. +* The BIND server will notify all slave DNS servers (at the moment, only one). And it will transfer the new version of the zone. + +That's much more comfortable now than manually clicking at some web UIs at Schlund Technologies. + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2018-06-01-realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux.gmi.tpl.7f5d7ea30eb225959a1d09327d0bcc8e2e2ecae80760ebb0d4341338c4aecf55 b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2018-06-01-realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux.gmi.tpl.7f5d7ea30eb225959a1d09327d0bcc8e2e2ecae80760ebb0d4341338c4aecf55 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2fdea893 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2018-06-01-realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux.gmi.tpl.7f5d7ea30eb225959a1d09327d0bcc8e2e2ecae80760ebb0d4341338c4aecf55 @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +# Realistic load testing with I/O Riot for Linux + +> Published at 2018-06-01T14:50:29+01:00; Updated at 2021-05-08 + +This text first was published in the german IT-Administrator computer Magazine. 3 years have passed since and I decided to publish it on my blog too. + +=> https://www.admin-magazin.de/Das-Heft/2018/06/Realistische-Lasttests-mit-I-O-Riot + +I havn't worked on I/O Riot for some time now, but all what is written here is still valid. I am still using I/O Riot to debug I/O issues and pattern once in a while, so by all means the tool is not obsolete yet. The tool even helped to resolve a major production incident at work caused by disk I/O. + +I am eagerly looking forward to revamp I/O Riot so that it uses the new BPF Linux capabilities instead of plain old Systemtap (or alternatively: Newer versions of Systemtap can also use BPF as the backend I have learned). Also, when I wrote I/O Riot initially, I didn't have any experience with the Go programming language yet and therefore I wrote it in C. Once it gets revamped I might consider using Go instead of C as it would spare me from many segmentation faults and headaches during development ;-). I might also just stick to C for plain performance reasons and just refactor the code dealing with concurrency. + +Pleace notice that some of the screenshots show the command "ioreplay" instead of "ioriot". That's because the name has changed after taking those. + +``` + .---. + / \ + \.@-@./ + /`\_/`\ + // _ \\ + | \ )|_ + /`\_`> <_/ \ +jgs\__/'---'\__/ +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +# The article + +With I/O Riot IT administrators can load test and optimize the I/O subsystem of Linux-based operating systems. The tool makes it possible to record I/O patterns and replay them at a later time as often as desired. This means bottlenecks can be reproduced and eradicated. + +When storing huge amounts of data, such as more than 200 billion archived emails at Mimecast, it's not only the available storage capacity that matters, but also the data throughput and latency. At the same time, operating costs must be kept as low as possible. The more systems involved, the more important it is to optimize the hardware, the operating system and the applications running on it. + +## Background: Existing Techniques + +Conventional I/O benchmarking: Administrators usually use open source benchmarking tools like IOZone and bonnie++. Available database systems such as Redis and MySQL come with their own benchmarking tools. The common problem with these tools is that they work with prescribed artificial I/O patterns. Although this can test both sequential and randomized data access, the patterns do not correspond to what can be found on production systems. + +Testing by load test environment: Another option is to use a separate load test environment in which, as far as possible, a production environment with all its dependencies is simulated. However, an environment consisting of many microservices is very complex. Microservices are usually managed by different teams, which means extra coordination effort for each load test. Another challenge is to generate the load as authentically as possible so that the patterns correspond to a productive environment. Such a load test environment can only handle as many requests as its weakest link can handle. For example, load generators send many read and write requests to a frontend microservice, whereby the frontend forwards the requests to a backend microservice responsible for storing the data. If the frontend service does not process the requests efficiently enough, the backend service is not well utilized in the first place. As a rule, all microservices are clustered across many servers, which makes everything even more complicated. Under all these conditions it is very difficult to test I/O of separate backend systems. Moreover, for many small and medium-sized companies, a separate load test environment would not be feasible for cost reasons. + +Testing in the production environment: For these reasons, benchmarks are often carried out in the production environment. In order to derive value from this such tests are especially performed during peak hours when systems are under high load. However, testing on production systems is associated with risks and can lead to failure or loss of data without adequate protection. + +## Benchmarking the Email Cloud at Mimecast + +For email archiving, Mimecast uses an internally developed microservice, which is operated directly on Linux-based storage systems. A storage cluster is divided into several replication volumes. Data is always replicated three times across two secure data centers. Customer data is automatically allocated to one or more volumes, depending on throughput, so that all volumes are automatically assigned the same load. Customer data is archived on conventional, but inexpensive hard disks with several terabytes of storage capacity each. I/O benchmarking proved difficult for all the reasons mentioned above. Furthermore, there are no ready-made tools for this purpose in the case of self-developed software. The service operates on many block devices simultaneously, which can make the RAID controller a bottleneck. None of the freely available benchmarking tools can test several block devices at the same time without extra effort. In addition, emails typically consist of many small files. Randomized access to many small files is particularly inefficient. In addition to many software adaptations, the hardware and operating system must also be optimized. + +Mimecast encourages employees to be innovative and pursue their own ideas in the form of an internal competition, Pet Project. The goal of the pet project I/O Riot was to simplify OS and hardware level I/O benchmarking. The first prototype of I/O Riot was awarded an internal roadmap prize in the spring of 2017. A few months later, I/O Riot was used to reduce write latency in the storage clusters by about 50%. The improvement was first verified by I/O replay on a test system and then successively applied to all storage systems. I/O Riot was also used to resolve a production incident caused by disk I/O load. + +## Using I/O Riot + +First, all I/O events are logged to a file on a production system with I/O Riot. It is then copied to a test system where all events are replayed in the same way. The crucial point here is that you can reproduce I/O patterns as they are found on a production system as often as you like on a test system. This results in the possibility of optimizing the set screws on the system after each run. + +### Installation + +I/O Riot was tested under CentOS 7.2 x86_64. For compiling, the GNU C compiler and Systemtap including kernel debug information are required. Other Linux distributions are theoretically compatible but untested. First of all, you should update the systems involved as follows: + +``` +% sudo yum update +``` + +If the kernel is updated, please restart the system. The installation would be done without a restart but this would complicate the installation. The installed kernel version should always correspond to the currently running kernel. You can then install I/O Riot as follows: + +``` +% sudo yum install gcc git systemtap yum-utils kernel-devel-$(uname -r) +% sudo debuginfo-install kernel-$(uname -r) +% git clone https://github.com/mimecast/ioriot +% cd ioriot +% make +% sudo make install +% export PATH=$PATH:/opt/ioriot/bin +``` + +Note: It is not best practice to install any compilers on production systems. For further information please have a look at the enclosed README.md. + +### Recording of I/O events + +All I/O events are kernel related. If a process wants to perform an I/O operation, such as opening a file, it must inform the kernel of this by a system call (short syscall). I/O Riot relies on the Systemtap tool to record I/O syscalls. Systemtap, available for all popular Linux distributions, helps you to take a look at the running kernel in productive environments, which makes it predestined to monitor all I/O-relevant Linux syscalls and log them to a file. Other tools, such as strace, are not an alternative because they slow down the system too much. + +During recording, ioriot acts as a wrapper and executes all relevant Systemtap commands for you. Use the following command to log all events to io.capture: + +``` +% sudo ioriot -c io.capture +``` + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure1-ioriot-io-recording.png Screenshot I/O recording + +A Ctrl-C (SIGINT) stops recording prematurely. Otherwise, ioriot terminates itself automatically after 1 hour. Depending on the system load, the output file can grow to several gigabytes. Only metadata is logged, not the read and written data itself. When replaying later, only random data is used. Under certain circumstances, Systemtap may omit some system calls and issue warnings. This is to ensure that Systemtap does not consume too many resources. + +### Test preparation + +Then copy io.capture to a test system. The log also contains all accesses to the pseudo file systems devfs, sysfs and procfs. This makes little sense, which is why you must first generate a cleaned and playable version io.replay from io.capture as follows: + +``` +% sudo ioriot -c io.capture -r io.replay -u $USER -n TESTNAME +``` + +The parameter -n allows you to assign a freely selectable test name. An arbitrary system user under which the test is to be played is specified via paramater -u. + +### Test Initialization + +The test will most likely want to access existing files. These are files the test wants to read but does not create by itself. The existence of these must be ensured before the test. You can do this as follows: + +``` +% sudo ioriot -i io.replay +``` + +To avoid any damage to the running system, ioreplay only works in special directories. The tool creates a separate subdirectory for each file system mount point (e.g. /, /usr/local, /store/00,...) (here: /.ioriot/TESTNAME, /usr/local/.ioriot/TESTNAME, /store/00/.ioriot/TESTNAME,...). By default, the working directory of ioriot is /usr/local/ioriot/TESTNAME. + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure2-ioriot-test-preparation.png Screenshot test preparation + +You must re-initialize the environment before each run. Data from previous tests will be moved to a trash directory automatically, which can be finally deleted with "sudo ioriot -P". + +### Replay + +After initialization, you can replay the log with -r. You can use -R to initiate both test initialization and replay in a single command and -S can be used to specify a file in which statistics are written after the test run. + +You can also influence the playback speed: "-s 0" is interpreted as "Playback as fast as possible" and is the default setting. With "-s 1" all operations are performed at original speed. "-s 2" would double the playback speed and "-s 0.5" would halve it. + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure3-ioriot-replay.png Screenshot replaying I/O + +As an initial test, for example, you could compare the two Linux I/O schedulers CFQ and Deadline and check which scheduler the test runs the fastest. They run the test separately for each scheduler. The following shell loop iterates through all attached block devices of the system and changes their I/O scheduler to the one specified in variable $new_scheduler (in this case either cfq or deadline). Subsequently, all I/O events from the io.replay protocol are played back. At the end, an output file with statistics is generated: + +``` +% new_scheduler=cfq +% for scheduler in /sys/block/*/queue/scheduler; do + echo $new_scheduler | sudo tee $scheduler +done +% sudo ioriot -R io.replay -S cfq.txt +% new_scheduler=deadline +% for scheduler in /sys/block/*/queue/scheduler; do + echo $new_scheduler | sudo tee $scheduler +done +% sudo ioriot -R io.replay -S deadline.txt +``` + +According to the results, the test could run 940 seconds faster with Deadline Scheduler: + +``` +% cat cfq.txt +Num workers: 4 +hreads per worker: 128 +otal threads: 512 +Highest loadavg: 259.29 +Performed ioops: 218624596 +Average ioops/s: 101544.17 +Time ahead: 1452s +Total time: 2153.00s +% cat deadline.txt +Num workers: 4 +Threads per worker: 128 +Total threads: 512 +Highest loadavg: 342.45 +Performed ioops: 218624596 +Average ioops/s: 180234.62 +Time ahead: 2392s +Total time: 1213.00s +``` + +In any case, you should also set up a time series database, such as Graphite, where the I/O throughput can be plotted. Figures 4 and 5 show the read and write access times of both tests. The break-in makes it clear when the CFQ test ended and the deadline test was started. The reading latency of both tests is similar. Write latency is dramatically improved using the Deadline Scheduler. + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure4-ioriot-read-latency.png Graphite visualization of the mean read access times in ms with CFQ and Deadline Scheduler. + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure5-ioriot-write-latency.png Graphite visualization of the average write access times in ms with CFQ and Deadline Scheduler. + +You should also take a look at the iostat tool. The iostat screenshot shows the output of iostat -x 10 during a test run. As you can see, a block device is fully loaded with 99% utilization, while all other block devices still have sufficient buffer. This could be an indication of poor data distribution in the storage system and is worth pursuing. It is not uncommon for I/O Riot to reveal software problems. + +=> ./realistic-load-testing-with-ioriot-for-linux/figure6-iostat.png Output of iostat. The block device sdy seems to be almost fully utilized by 99%. + +## I/O Riot is Open Source + +The tool has already proven to be very useful and will continue to be actively developed as time and priority permits. Mimecast intends to be an ongoing contributor to Open Source. You can find I/O Riot at: + +=> https://github.com/mimecast/ioriot + +## Systemtap + +Systemtap is a tool for the instrumentation of the Linux kernel. The tool provides an AWK-like programming language. Programs written in it are compiled from Systemtap to C- and then into a dynamically loadable kernel module. Loaded into the kernel, the program has access to Linux internals. A Systemtap program written for I/O Riot monitors when, with which parameters, at which time, and from which process I/O syscalls take place and their return values. + +For example, the open syscall opens a file and returns the responsible file descriptor. The read and write syscalls can operate on a file descriptor and return the number of read or written bytes. The close syscall closes a given file descriptor. I/O Riot comes with a ready-made Systemtap program, which you have already compiled into a kernel module and installed to /opt/ioriot. In addition to open, read and close, it logs many other I/O-relevant calls. + +=> https://sourceware.org/systemtap/ + +## More refereces + +=> http://www.iozone.org/ IOZone +=> https://www.coker.com.au/bonnie++/ Bonnie++ +=> https://graphiteapp.org Graphite +=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-mapped_I/O Memory mapped I/O + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-22-dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program.gmi.tpl.f52534829ec99bc552b1c0323f75427f77265ee7cf35d302e9b655eb88267d6b b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-22-dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program.gmi.tpl.f52534829ec99bc552b1c0323f75427f77265ee7cf35d302e9b655eb88267d6b new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79693808 --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-22-dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program.gmi.tpl.f52534829ec99bc552b1c0323f75427f77265ee7cf35d302e9b655eb88267d6b @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +# DTail - The distributed log tail program + +> Published at 2021-04-22T19:28:41+01:00; Updated at 2021-04-26 + +This article first appeared at the Mimecast Engineering Blog but I made it available here in my personal internet site too. + +=> https://medium.com/mimecast-engineering/dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program-79b8087904bb Original Mimecast Engineering Blog post at Medium + +Running a large cloud-based service requires monitoring the state of huge numbers of machines, a task for which many standard UNIX tools were not really designed. In this post, I will describe a simple program, DTail, that Mimecast has built and released as Open-Source, which enables us to monitor log files of many servers at once without the costly overhead of a full-blown log management system. + +At Mimecast, we run over 10 thousand server boxes. Most of them host multiple microservices and each of them produces log files. Even with the use of time series databases and monitoring systems, raw application logs are still an important source of information when it comes to analysing, debugging, and troubleshooting services. + +Every engineer familiar with UNIX or a UNIX-like platform (e.g., Linux) is well aware of tail, a command-line program for displaying a text file content on the terminal which is also especially useful for following application or system log files with tail -f logfile. + +Think of DTail as a distributed version of the tail program which is very useful when you have a distributed application running on many servers. DTail is an Open-Source, cross-platform, fairly easy to use, support and maintain log file analysis & statistics gathering tool designed for Engineers and Systems Administrators. It is programmed in Google Go. + +=> ./dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program/title.png DTail logo image + +<< template::inline::toc + +## A Mimecast Pet Project + +DTail got its inspiration from public domain tools available already in this area but it is a blue sky from-scratch development which was first presented at Mimecast’s annual internal Pet Project competition (awarded with a Bronze prize). It has gained popularity since and is one of the most widely deployed DevOps tools at Mimecast (reaching nearly 10k server installations) and many engineers use it on a regular basis. The Open-Source version of DTail is available at: + +=> https://dtail.dev + +Try it out — We would love any feedback. But first, read on… + +## Differentiating from log management systems + +Why not just use a full-blown log management system? There are various Open-Source and commercial log management solutions available on the market you could choose from (e.g. the ELK stack). Most of them store the logs in a centralized location and are fairly complex to set up and operate. Possibly they are also pretty expensive to operate if you have to buy dedicated hardware (or pay fees to your cloud provider) and have to hire support staff for it. + +DTail does not aim to replace any of the log management tools already available but is rather an additional tool crafted especially for ad-hoc debugging and troubleshooting purposes. DTail is cheap to operate as it does not require any dedicated hardware for log storage as it operates directly on the source of the logs. It means that there is a DTail server installed on all server boxes producing logs. This decentralized comes with the direct advantages that there is no introduced delay because the logs are not shipped to a central log storage device. The reduced complexity also makes it more robust against outages. You won’t be able to troubleshoot your distributed application very well if the log management infrastructure isn’t working either. + +=> ./dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program/dtail.gif DTail sample session animated gif + +As a downside, you won’t be able to access any logs with DTail when the server is down. Furthermore, a server can store logs only up to a certain capacity as disks will fill up. For the purpose of ad-hoc debugging, these are not typically issues. Usually, it’s the application you want to debug and not the server. And disk space is rarely an issue for bare metal and VM-based systems these days, with sufficient space for several weeks’ worth of log storage being available. DTail also supports reading compressed logs. The currently supported compression algorithms are gzip and zstd. + +## Combining simplicity, security and efficiency + +DTail also has a client component that connects to multiple servers concurrently for log files (or any other text files). + +The DTail client interacts with a DTail server on port TCP/2222 via SSH protocol and does not interact in any way with the system’s SSH server (e.g., OpenSSH Server) which might be running at port TCP/22 already. As a matter of fact, you don’t need a regular SSH server running for DTail at all. There is no support for interactive login shells at TCP/2222 either, as by design that port can only be used for text data streaming. The SSH protocol is used for the public/private key infrastructure and transport encryption only and DTail implements its own protocol on top of SSH for the features provided. There is no need to set up or buy any additional TLS certificates. The port 2222 can be easily reconfigured if you preferred to use a different one. + +The DTail server, which is a single static binary, will not fork an external process. This means that all features are implemented in native Go code (exception: Linux ACL support is implemented in C, but it must be enabled explicitly on compile time) and therefore helping to make it robust, secure, efficient, and easy to deploy. A single client, running on a standard Laptop, can connect to thousands of servers concurrently while still maintaining a small resource footprint. + +Recent log files are very likely still in the file system caches on the servers. Therefore, there tends to be a minimal I/O overhead involved. + +## The DTail family of commands + +Following the UNIX philosophy, DTail includes multiple command-line commands each of them for a different purpose: + +* dserver: The DTail server, the only binary required to be installed on the servers involved. +* dtail: The distributed log tail client for following log files. +* dcat: The distributed cat client for concatenating and displaying text files. +* dgrep: The distributed grep client for searching text files for a regular expression pattern. +* dmap: The distributed map-reduce client for aggregating stats from log files. + +=> ./dtail-the-distributed-log-tail-program/dgrep.gif DGrep sample session animated gif + +## Usage example + +The use of these commands is almost self-explanatory for a person already used to the standard command line in Unix systems. One of the main goals is to make DTail easy to use. A tool that is too complicated to use under high-pressure scenarios (e.g., during an incident) can be quite detrimental. + +The basic idea is to start one of the clients from the command line and provide a list of servers to connect to with –servers. You also must provide a path of remote (log) files via –files. If you want to process multiple files per server, you could either provide a comma-separated list of file paths or make use of file system globbing (or a combination of both). + +The following example would connect to all DTail servers listed in the serverlist.txt, follow all files with the ending .log and filter for lines containing the string error. You can specify any Go compatible regular expression. In this example we add the case-insensitive flag to the regex: + +``` +dtail –servers serverlist.txt –files ‘/var/log/*.log’ –regex ‘(?i:error)’ +``` + +You usually want to specify a regular expression as a client argument. This will mean that responses are pre-filtered for all matching lines on the server-side and thus sending back only the relevant lines to the client. If your logs are growing very rapidly and the regex is not specific enough there might be the chance that your client is not fast enough to keep up processing all of the responses. This could be due to a network bottleneck or just as simple as a slow terminal emulator displaying the log lines on the client-side. + +A green 100 in the client output before each log line received from the server always indicates that there were no such problems and 100% of all log lines could be displayed on your terminal (have a look at the animated Gifs in this post). If the percentage falls below 100 it means that some of the channels used by the servers to send data to the client are congested and lines were dropped. In this case, the color will change from green to red. The user then could decide to run the same query but with a more specific regex. + +You could also provide a comma-separated list of servers as opposed to a text file. There are many more options you could use. The ones listed here are just the very basic ones. There are more instructions and usage examples on the GitHub page. Also, you can study even more of the available options via the –help switch (some real treasures might be hidden there). + +## Fitting it in + +DTail integrates nicely into the user management of existing infrastructure. It follows normal system permissions and does not open new “holes” on the server which helps to keep security departments happy. The user would not have more or less file read permissions than he would have via a regular SSH login shell. There is a full SSH key, traditional UNIX permissions, and Linux ACL support. There is also a very low resource footprint involved. On average for tailing and searching log files less than 100MB RAM and less than a quarter of a CPU core per participating server are required. Complex map-reduce queries on big data sets will require more resources accordingly. + +## Advanced features + +The features listed here are out of the scope of this blog post but are worthwhile to mention: + +* Distributed map-reduce queries on stats provided in log files with dmap. dmap comes with its own SQL-like aggregation query language. +* Stats streaming with continuous map-reduce queries. The difference to normal queries is that the stats are aggregated over a specified interval only on the newly written log lines. Thus, giving a de-facto live stat view for each interval. +* Server-side scheduled queries on log files. The queries are configured in the DTail server configuration file and scheduled at certain time intervals. Results are written to CSV files. This is useful for generating daily stats from the log files without the need for an interactive client. +* Server-side stats streaming with continuous map-reduce queries. This for example can be used to periodically generate stats from the logs at a configured interval, e.g., log error counts by the minute. These then can be sent to a time-series database (e.g., Graphite) and then plotted in a Grafana dashboard. +* Support for custom extensions. E.g., for different server discovery methods (so you don’t have to rely on plain server lists) and log file formats (so that map-reduce queries can parse more stats from the logs). + +## For the future + +There are various features we want to see in the future. + +* A spartan mode, not printing out any extra information but the raw remote log files would be a nice feature to have. This will make it easier to post-process the data produced by the DTail client with common UNIX tools. (To some degree this is possible already, just disable the ANSI terminal color output of the client with -noColors and pipe the output to another program). +* Tempting would be implementing the dgoawk command, a distributed version of the AWK programming language purely implemented in Go, for advanced text data stream processing capabilities. There are 3rd party libraries available implementing AWK in pure Go which could be used. +* A more complex change would be the support of federated queries. You can connect to thousands of servers from a single client running on a laptop. But does it scale to 100k of servers? Some of the servers could be used as middleware for connecting to even more servers. +* Another aspect is to extend the documentation. Especially the advanced features such as map-reduce query language and how to configure the server-side queries currently do require more documentation. For now, you can read the code, sample config files or just ask the author for that! But this will be certainly addressed in the future. + +## Open Source + +Mimecast highly encourages you to have a look at DTail and submit an issue for any features you would like to see. Have you found a bug? Maybe you just have a question or comment? If you want to go a step further: We would also love to see pull requests for any features or improvements. Either way, if in doubt just contact us via the DTail GitHub page. + +=> https://dtail.dev + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex dtail + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-24-welcome-to-the-geminispace.gmi.tpl.13614cbbfbbb35af77d09d0610f3a8b9ff63c8852afd8cca146767b119895f9a b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-24-welcome-to-the-geminispace.gmi.tpl.13614cbbfbbb35af77d09d0610f3a8b9ff63c8852afd8cca146767b119895f9a new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a65cd3e --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-04-24-welcome-to-the-geminispace.gmi.tpl.13614cbbfbbb35af77d09d0610f3a8b9ff63c8852afd8cca146767b119895f9a @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# Welcome to the Geminispace + +> Published at 2021-04-24T19:28:41+01:00; Updated at 2021-06-18 + +``` + + /\ + / \ + | | + |NASA| + | | + | | + | | + ' ` + |Gemini| + | | + |______| + '-`'-` . + / . \'\ . .' + ''( .'\.' ' .;' +'.;.;' ;'.;' ..;;' AsH + +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Introduction + +Have you reached this article already via Gemini? It requires a Gemini client; web browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, Safari, etc., don't support the Gemini protocol. The Gemini address of this site (or the address of this capsule as people say in Geminispace) is: + +=> gemini://foo.zone + +However, if you still use HTTP, you are just surfing the fallback HTML version of this capsule. In that case, I suggest reading on what this is all about :-). + +## Motivation + +### My urge to revamp my personal website + +For some time, I had to urge to revamp my personal website. Not to update the technology and its design but to update all the content (+ keep it current) and start a small tech blog again. So unconsciously, I began to search for an excellent platform to do all of that in a KISS (keep it simple & stupid) way. + +### My still great Laptop running hot + +Earlier this year (2021), I noticed that my almost seven-year-old but still great Laptop started to become hot and slowed down while surfing the web. Also, the Laptop's fan became quite noisy. This was all due to the additional bloat such as JavaScript, excessive use of CSS, tracking cookies+pixels, ads, and so on there was on the website. + +All I wanted was to read an interesting article, but after a big advertising pop-up banner appeared and made everything worse, I gave up and closed the browser tab. + +## Discovering the Gemini internet protocol + +Around the same time, I discovered a relatively new, more lightweight protocol named Gemini, which does not support all these CPU-intensive features like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Also, tracking and ads are unsupported by the Gemini protocol. + +The "downside" is that due to the limited capabilities of the Gemini protocol, all sites look very old and spartan. But that is not a downside; that is, in fact, a design choice people made. It is up to the client software how your capsule looks. For example, you could use a graphical client, such as Lagrange, with nice font renderings and colours to improve the appearance. Or you could use a very minimalistic command line black-and-white Gemini client. It's your (the user's) choice. + +=> ./welcome-to-the-geminispace/amfora-screenshot.png Screenshot Amfora Gemini terminal client surfing this site +=> ./welcome-to-the-geminispace/lagrange-screenshot.png Screenshot graphical Lagrange Gemini client surfing this site + +Why is there a need for a new protocol? As the modern web is a superset of Gemini, can't we use simple HTML 1.0 instead? That's a good and valid question. It is not a technical problem but a human problem. We tend to abuse the features once they are available. You can ensure that things stay efficient and straightforward as long as you are using the Gemini protocol. On the other hand, you can't force every website on the modern web to only create plain and straightforward-looking HTML pages. + +## My own Gemini capsule + +As it is effortless to set up and maintain your own Gemini capsule (Gemini server + content composed via the Gemtext markup language), I decided to create my own. What I like about Gemini is that I can use my favourite text editor and get typing. I don't need to worry about the style and design of the presence, and I also don't have to test anything in ten different web browsers. I can only focus on the content! As a matter of fact, I am using the Vim editor + its spellchecker + auto word completion functionality to write this. + +This site was generated with Gemtexter. You can read more about it here: + +=> ./2021-06-05-gemtexter-one-bash-script-to-rule-it-all.gmi Gemtexter - One Bash script to rule it all + +## Gemini advantages summarised + +* Supports an alternative to the modern bloated web +* Easy to operate and easy to write content +* No need to worry about various web browser compatibilities +* It's the client's responsibility how the content is designed+presented +* Lightweight (although not as lightweight as the Gopher protocol) +* Supports privacy (no cookies, no request header fingerprinting, TLS encryption) +* Fun to play with (it's a bit geeky, yes, but a lot of fun!) + +## Dive into deep Gemini space + +Check out one of the following links for more information about Gemini. For example, you will find a FAQ that explains why the protocol is named Gemini. Many Gemini capsules are dual-hosted via Gemini and HTTP(S) so that people new to Gemini can sneak peek at the content with a regular web browser. Some people go as far as tri-hosting all their content via HTTP(S), Gemini and Gopher. + +=> gemini://geminiprotocol.net/ +=> https://geminiprotocol.net/ + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex gemtext gemini + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-05-16-personal-bash-coding-style-guide.gmi.tpl.d38b7b180488f50c00ec16c4e13131db3954e915a6c7259bf1eb7f8f15d2297e b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-05-16-personal-bash-coding-style-guide.gmi.tpl.d38b7b180488f50c00ec16c4e13131db3954e915a6c7259bf1eb7f8f15d2297e new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9c67046c --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-05-16-personal-bash-coding-style-guide.gmi.tpl.d38b7b180488f50c00ec16c4e13131db3954e915a6c7259bf1eb7f8f15d2297e @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +# Personal Bash coding style guide + +> Published at 2021-05-16T14:51:57+01:00 + +Lately, I have been polishing and writing a lot of Bash code. Not that I never wrote a lot of Bash, but now as I also looked through the Google Shell Style Guide, I thought it is time also to write my thoughts on that. I agree with that guide in most, but not in all points. + +=> https://google.github.io/styleguide/shellguide.html Google Shell Style Guide + +``` + .---------------------------. + /,--..---..---..---..---..--. `. + //___||___||___||___||___||___\_| + [j__ ######################## [_| + \============================| + .==| |"""||"""||"""||"""| |"""|| +/======"---""---""---""---"=| =|| +|____ []* ____ | ==|| +// \\ // \\ |===|| hjw +"\__/"---------------"\__/"-+---+' +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## My modifications + +These are my modifications to the Google Guide. + +### Shebang + +Google recommends using always... + +```bash +#!/bin/bash +``` + +... as the shebang line, but that does not work on all Unix and Unix-like operating systems (e.g., the *BSDs don't have Bash installed to /bin/bash). Better is: + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash +``` + +### Two space soft-tabs indentation + +I know there have been many tab- and soft-tab wars on this planet. Google recommends using two space soft-tabs for Bash scripts. + +I don't care if I use two or four space indentations. I agree, however, that we should not use tabs. I tend to use four-space soft-tabs as that's how I currently configured Vim for any programming language. What matters most, though, is consistency within the same script/project. + +Google also recommends limiting the line length to 80 characters. For some people, that seems to be an old habit from the '80s, where all computer terminals couldn't display longer lines. But I think that the 80 character mark is still a good practice, at least for shell scripts. For example, I am often writing code on a Microsoft Go Tablet PC (running Linux, of course), and it comes in convenient if the lines are not too long due to the relatively small display on the device. + +I hit the 80 character line length quicker with the four spaces than with two spaces, but that makes me refactor the Bash code more aggressively, which is a good thing. + +### Breaking long pipes + +Google recommends breaking up long pipes like this: + +```bash +# All fits on one line +command1 | command2 + +# Long commands +command1 \ + | command2 \ + | command3 \ + | command4 +``` + +I think there is a better way like the following, which is less noisy. The pipe | already indicates the Bash that another command is expected, thus making the explicit line breaks with \ obsolete: + +```bash +# Long commands +command1 | + command2 | + command3 | + command4 +``` + +> Update: It's 2023 now, and I have changed my mind. I think Google's way is the better one. It may be a bit more to type, but the leading `|` are a nice eye catcher, so you know immediately what is going on! + +### Quoting your variables + +Google recommends always quote your variables. Generally, it would be best if you did that only for variables where you are unsure about the content/values of the variables (e.g., content is from an external input source and may contain whitespace or other special characters). In my opinion, the code will become quite noisy when you always quote your variables like this: + +```bash +greet () { + local -r greeting="${1}" + local -r name="${2}" + echo "${greeting} ${name}!" +} +``` + +In this particular example, I agree that you should quote them as you don't know the input (are there, for example, whitespace characters?). But if you are sure that you are only using simple bare words, then I think that the code looks much cleaner when you do this instead: + +```bash +say_hello_to_paul () { + local -r greeting=Hello + local -r name=Paul + echo "$greeting $name!" +} +``` + +You see, I also omitted the curly braces { } around the variables. I only use the curly braces around variables when it makes the code either easier/clearer to read or if it is necessary to use them: + +```bash +declare FOO=bar +# Curly braces around FOO are necessary +echo "foo${FOO}baz" +``` + +A few more words on always quoting the variables: For the sake of consistency (and for making ShellCheck happy), I am not against quoting everything I encounter. I also think that the larger the Bash script becomes, the more critical it becomes always to quote variables. That's because it will be more likely that you might not remember that some of the functions don't work on values with spaces in them, for example. It's just that I won't quote everything in every small script I write. + +### Prefer built-in commands over external commands + +Google recommends using the built-in commands over available external commands where possible: + +```bash +# Prefer this: +addition=$(( X + Y )) +substitution="${string/#foo/bar}" + +# Instead of this: +addition="$(expr "${X}" + "${Y}")" +substitution="$(echo "${string}" | sed -e 's/^foo/bar/')" +``` + +I can't entirely agree here. The external commands (especially sed) are much more sophisticated and powerful than the built-in Bash versions. Sed can do much more than the Bash can ever do by itself when it comes to text manipulation (the name "sed" stands for streaming editor, after all). + +I prefer to do light text processing with the Bash built-ins and more complicated text processing with external programs such as sed, grep, awk, cut, and tr. However, there is also medium-light text processing where I would want to use external programs. That is so because I remember using them better than the Bash built-ins. The Bash can get relatively obscure here (even Perl will be more readable then - Side note: I love Perl). + +Also, you would like to use an external command for floating-point calculation (e.g., bc) instead of using the Bash built-ins (worth noticing that ZSH supports built-in floating-points). + +I even didn't get started with what you can do with awk (especially GNU Awk), a fully-fledged programming language. Tiny Awk snippets tend to be used quite often in Shell scripts without honouring the real power of Awk. But if you did everything in Perl or Awk or another scripting language, then it wouldn't be a Bash script anymore, wouldn't it? ;-) + +## My additions + +### Use of 'yes' and 'no' + +Bash does not support a boolean type. I tend just to use the strings 'yes' and 'no' here. I used 0 for false and 1 for true for some time, but I think that the yes/no strings are easier to read. Yes, the Bash script would need to perform string comparisons on every check, but if performance is crucial to you, you wouldn't want to use a Bash script anyway, correct? + +```bash +declare -r SUGAR_FREE=yes +declare -r I_NEED_THE_BUZZ=no + +buy_soda () { + local -r sugar_free=$1 + + if [[ $sugar_free == yes ]]; then + echo 'Diet Dr. Pepper' + else + echo 'Pepsi Coke' + fi +} + +buy_soda $I_NEED_THE_BUZZ +``` + +### Non-evil alternative to variable assignments via eval + +Google is in the opinion that eval should be avoided. I think so too. They list these examples in their guide: + +```bash +# What does this set? +# Did it succeed? In part or whole? +eval $(set_my_variables) + +# What happens if one of the returned values has a space in it? +variable="$(eval some_function)" +``` + +However, if I want to read variables from another file, I don't have to use eval here. I only have to source the file: + +``` +% cat vars.source.sh +declare foo=bar +declare bar=baz +declare bay=foo + +% bash -c 'source vars.source.sh; echo $foo $bar $baz' +bar baz foo +``` + +And suppose I want to assign variables dynamically. In that case, I could just run an external script and source its output (This is how you could do metaprogramming in Bash without the use of eval - write code which produces code for immediate execution): + +``` +% cat vars.sh +#!/usr/bin/env bash +cat <<END +declare date="$(date)" +declare user=$USER +END + +% bash -c 'source <(./vars.sh); echo "Hello $user, it is $date"' +Hello paul, it is Sat 15 May 19:21:12 BST 2021 +``` + +The downside is that ShellCheck won't be able to follow the dynamic sourcing anymore. + +### Prefer pipes over arrays for list processing + +When I do list processing in Bash, I prefer to use pipes. You can chain them through Bash functions as well, which is pretty neat. Usually, my list processing scripts are of a structure like this: + +```bash +filter_lines () { + echo 'Start filtering lines in a fancy way!' >&2 + grep ... | sed .... +} + +process_lines () { + echo 'Start processing line by line!' >&2 + while read -r line; do + ... do something and produce a result... + echo "$result" + done +} + +# Do some post-processing of the data +postprocess_lines () { + echo 'Start removing duplicates!' >&2 + sort -u +} + +genreate_report () { + echo 'My boss wants to have a report!' >&2 + tee outfile.txt + wc -l outfile.txt +} + +main () { + filter_lines | + process_lines | + postprocess_lines | + generate_report +} + +main +``` + +The stdout is always passed as a pipe to the next following stage. The stderr is used for info logging. + +### Assign-then-shift + +I often refactor existing Bash code. That leads me to add and removing function arguments quite often. It's pretty repetitive work changing the $1, $2.... function argument numbers every time you change the order or add/remove possible arguments. + +The solution is to use of the "assign-then-shift"-method, which goes like this: "local -r var1=$1; shift; local -r var2=$1; shift". The idea is that you only use "$1" to assign function arguments to named (better readable) local function variables. You will never have to bother about "$2" or above. That is very useful when you constantly refactor your code and remove or add function arguments. It's something that I picked up from a colleague (a pure Bash wizard) some time ago: + +```bash +some_function () { + local -r param_foo="$1"; shift + local -r param_baz="$1"; shift + local -r param_bay="$1"; shift + + # ... +} +``` + +Want to add a param_baz? Just do this: + +```bash +some_function () { + local -r param_foo="$1"; shift + local -r param_bar="$1"; shift + local -r param_baz="$1"; shift + local -r param_bay="$1"; shift + + # ... +} +``` + +Want to remove param_foo? Nothing easier than that: + +```bash +some_function () { + local -r param_bar="$1"; shift + local -r param_baz="$1"; shift + local -r param_bay="$1"; shift + + # ... +} +``` + +As you can see, I didn't need to change any other assignments within the function. Of course, you would also need to change the function argument lists at every occasion where the function is invoked - you would do that within the same refactoring session. + +### Paranoid mode + +I call this the paranoid mode. The Bash will stop executing when a command exits with a status not equal to 0: + +```bash +set -e +grep -q foo <<< bar +echo Jo +``` + +Here 'Jo' will never be printed out as the grep didn't find any match. It's unrealistic for most scripts to run in paranoid mode purely, so there must be a way to add exceptions. Critical Bash scripts of mine tend to look like this: + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +set -e + +some_function () { + # .. some critical code + # ... + + set +e + # Grep might fail, but that's OK now + grep .... + local -i ec=$? + set -e + + # .. critical code continues ... + if [[ $ec -ne 0 ]]; then + : # ... + fi + # ... +} +``` + +## Learned + +There are also a couple of things I've learned from Google's guide. + +### Unintended lexicographical comparison. + +The following looks like a valid Bash code: + +```bash +if [[ "${my_var}" > 3 ]]; then + # True for 4, false for 22. + do_something +fi +``` + +... but it is probably an unintended lexicographical comparison. A correct way would be: + +```bash +if (( my_var > 3 )); then + do_something +fi +``` + +or + +```bash +if [[ "${my_var}" -gt 3 ]]; then + do_something +fi +``` + +### PIPESTATUS + +I have never used the PIPESTATUS variable before. I knew that it's there, but I never bothered to understand how it works until now thoroughly. + +The PIPESTATUS variable in Bash allows checking of the return code from all parts of a pipe. If it's only necessary to check the success or failure of the whole pipe, then the following is acceptable: + +```bash +tar -cf - ./* | ( cd "${dir}" && tar -xf - ) +if (( PIPESTATUS[0] != 0 || PIPESTATUS[1] != 0 )); then + echo "Unable to tar files to ${dir}" >&2 +fi +``` + +However, as PIPESTATUS will be overwritten as soon as you do any other command, if you need to act differently on errors based on where it happened in the pipe, you'll need to assign PIPESTATUS to another variable immediately after running the command (don't forget that [ is a command and will wipe out PIPESTATUS). + +```bash +tar -cf - ./* | ( cd "${DIR}" && tar -xf - ) +return_codes=( "${PIPESTATUS[@]}" ) +if (( return_codes[0] != 0 )); then + do_something +fi +if (( return_codes[1] != 0 )); then + do_something_else +fi +``` + +## Use common sense and BE CONSISTENT. + +The following two paragraphs are thoroughly quoted from the Google guidelines. But they hit the hammer on the head: + +> If you are editing code, take a few minutes to look at the code around you and determine its style. If they use spaces around their if clauses, you should, too. If their comments have little boxes of stars around them, make your comments have little boxes of stars around them too. + +> The point of having style guidelines is to have a common vocabulary of coding so people can concentrate on what you are saying rather than on how you are saying it. We present global style rules here, so people know the vocabulary. But local style is also important. If the code you add to a file looks drastically different from the existing code around it, the discontinuity throws readers out of their rhythm when they go to read it. Try to avoid this. + + +## Advanced Bash learning pro tip + +I also highly recommend having a read through the "Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide" (not from Google). I use it as the universal Bash reference and learn something new every time I look at it. + +=> https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/ Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex bash + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-06-05-gemtexter-one-bash-script-to-rule-it-all.gmi.tpl.48552bc263f579a1f98651ed83fd6328ef19314610df8b3e6347725a2951143e b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-06-05-gemtexter-one-bash-script-to-rule-it-all.gmi.tpl.48552bc263f579a1f98651ed83fd6328ef19314610df8b3e6347725a2951143e new file mode 100644 index 00000000..883e130a --- /dev/null +++ b/gemfeed/.rcmbackup/2021-06-05-gemtexter-one-bash-script-to-rule-it-all.gmi.tpl.48552bc263f579a1f98651ed83fd6328ef19314610df8b3e6347725a2951143e @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +# Gemtexter - One Bash script to rule it all + +> Published at 2021-06-05T19:03:32+01:00 + +You might have read my previous blog posts about entering the Geminispace, where I pointed out the benefits of having and maintaining an internet presence there. This whole site (the blog and all other pages) is composed in the Gemtext markup language. + +This comes with the benefit that I can write content in my favourite text editor (Vim). + +``` + o .,<>., o + |\/\/\/\/| + '========' + (_ SSSSSSs + )a'`SSSSSs + /_ SSSSSS + .=## SSSSS + .#### SSSSs + ###::::SSSSS + .;:::""""SSS + .:;:' . . \\ + .::/ ' .'| + .::( . | + :::) \ + /\( / + /) ( | + .' \ . ./ / + _-' |\ . | + _..--.. . /"---\ | ` | . | + -=====================,' _ \=(*#(7.#####() | `/_.. , ( + _.-''``';'-''-) ,. \ ' '+/// | .'/ \ ``-.) \ + ,' _.- (( `-' `._\ `` \_/_.' ) /`-._ ) | + ,'\ ,' _.'.`:-. \.-' / <_L )" | + _/ `._,' ,')`; `-'`' | L / / + / `. ,' ,|_/ / \ ( <_-' \ + \ / `./ ' / /,' \ /|` `. | + )\ /`._ ,'`._.-\ |) \' + / `.' )-'.-,' )__) |\ `| + : /`. `.._(--.`':`':/ \ ) \ \ + |::::\ ,'/::;-)) / ( )`. | + ||::::: . .::': :`-( |/ . | + ||::::| . :| |==[]=: . - \ + |||:::| : || : | | /\ ` | + ___ ___ '|;:::| | |' \=[]=| / \ \ +| /_ ||``|||::::: | ; | | | \_.'\_ `-. +: \_``[]--[]|::::'\_;' )-'..`._ .-'\``:: ` . \ + \___.>`''-.||:.__,' SSt |_______`> <_____:::. . . \ _/ + `+a:f:......jrei''' +``` + +<< template::inline::toc + +## Motivation + +Another benefit of using Gemini is that the Gemtext markup language is easy to parse. As my site is dual-hosted (Gemini+HTTP), I could, in theory, just write a shell script to deal with the conversion from Gemtext to HTML; there is no need for a full-featured programming language here. I have done a lot of Bash in the past, but I am also often revisiting old tools and techniques for refreshing and keeping the knowledge up to date here. + +=> ./gemtexter-one-bash-script-to-rule-it-all/blog-engine.jpg Motivational comic strip + +I have exactly done that - I wrote a Bash script, named Gemtexter, for that: + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter + +In short, Gemtexter is a static site generator and blogging engine that uses Gemtext as its input format. + +## Output formats + +Gemtexter takes the Gemtext Markup files as the input and generates the following outputs from it (you find examples for each of these output formats on the Gemtexter GitHub page): + +* HTML files for my website +* Markdown files for a GitHub page +* A Gemtext Atom feed for my blog posts +* A Gemfeed for my blog posts (a particular feed format commonly used in Geminispace. The Gemfeed can be used as an alternative to the Atom feed). +* An HTML Atom feed of my blog posts + +I could have done all of that with a more robust language than Bash (such as Perl, Ruby, Go...), but I didn't. The purpose of this exercise was to challenge what I can do with a "simple" Bash script and learn new things. + +## Taking it as far as I should, but no farther + +The Bash is suitable very well for small scripts and ad-hoc automation on the command line. But it is for sure not a robust programming language. Writing this blog post, Gemtexter is nearing 1000 lines of code, which is actually a pretty large Bash script. + +### Modularization + +I modularized the code so that each core functionality has its own file in ./lib. All the modules are included from the main Gemtexter script. For example, there is one module for HTML generation, one for Markdown generation, and so on. + +```sh +paul in uranus in gemtexter on 🌱 main +❯ wc -l gemtexter lib/* + 117 gemtexter + 59 lib/assert.source.sh + 128 lib/atomfeed.source.sh + 64 lib/gemfeed.source.sh + 161 lib/generate.source.sh + 50 lib/git.source.sh + 162 lib/html.source.sh + 30 lib/log.source.sh + 63 lib/md.source.sh + 834 total +``` + +This way, the script could grow far beyond 1000 lines of code and still be maintainable. With more features, execution speed may slowly become a problem, though. I already notice that Gemtexter doesn't produce results instantly but requires few seconds of runtime already. That's not a problem yet, though. + +### Bash best practises and ShellCheck + +While working on Gemtexter, I also had a look at the Google Shell Style Guide and wrote a blog post on that: + +=> ./2021-05-16-personal-bash-coding-style-guide.gmi Personal bash coding style guide + +I followed all these best practices, and in my opinion, the result is a pretty maintainable Bash script (given that you are fluent with all the sed and grep commands I used). + +ShellCheck, a shell script analysis tool written in Haskell, is run on Gemtexter ensuring that all code is acceptable. I am pretty impressed with what ShellCheck found. + +It, for example, detected "some_command | while read var; do ...; done" loops and hinted that these create a new subprocess for the while part. The result is that all variable modifications taking place in the while-subprocess won't reflect the primary Bash process. ShellSheck then recommended rewriting the loop so that no subprocess is spawned as "while read -r var; do ...; done < <(some_command)". ShellCheck also pointed out to add a "-r" to "read"; otherwise, there could be an issue with backspaces in the loop data. + +Furthermore, ShellCheck recommended many more improvements. Declaration of unused variables and missing variable and string quotations were the most common ones. ShellSheck immensely helped to improve the robustness of the script. + +=> https://shellcheck.net + +### Unit testing + +There is a basic unit test module in ./lib/assert.source.sh, which is used for unit testing. I found this to be very beneficial for cross-platform development. For example, I noticed that some unit tests failed on macOS while everything still worked fine on my Fedora Linux laptop. + +After digging a bit, I noticed that I had to install the GNU versions of the sed and grep commands on macOS and a newer version of the Bash to make all unit tests pass and Gemtexter work. + +It has been proven quite helpful to have unit tests in place for the HTML part already when working on the Markdown generator part. To test the Markdown part, I copied the HTML unit tests and changed the expected outcome in the assertions. This way, I could implement the Markdown generator in a test-driven way (writing the test first and afterwards the implementation). + +### HTML unit test example + +```bash +gemtext='=> http://example.org Description of the link' +assert::equals "$(generate::make_link html "$gemtext")" \ + '<a class="textlink" href="http://example.org">Description of the link</a><br />' +``` + +### Markdown unit test example + +```bash +gemtext='=> http://example.org Description of the link' +assert::equals "$(generate::make_link md "$gemtext")" \ + '[Description of the link](http://example.org) ' +``` + +## Handcrafted HTML styles + +I had a look at some ready off the shelf CSS styles, but they all seemed too bloated. There is a whole industry selling CSS styles on the interweb. I preferred an effortless and minimalist style for the HTML site. So I handcrafted the Cascading Style Sheets manually with love and included them in the HTML header template. + +For now, I have to re-generate all HTML files whenever the CSS changes. That should not be an issue now, but I might move the CSS into a separate file one day. + +It's worth mentioning that all generated HTML files and Atom feeds pass the W3C validation tests. + +## Configurability + +In case someone else than me wants to use Gemtexter for his own site, it is pretty much configurable. It is possible to specify your own configuration file and your own HTML templates. Have a look at the GitHub page for examples. + +## Future features + +I could think of the following features added to a future version of Gemtexter: + +* Templating of Gemtext files so that the .gmi files are generated from .gmi.tpl files. The template engine could do such things as an automatic table of contents and sitemap generation. It could also include the output of inlined shell code, e.g. a fortune quote. +* Add support for more output formats, such as Groff, PDF, plain text, Gopher, etc. +* External CSS file for HTML. +* Improve speed by introducing parallelism and/or concurrency and/or better caching. + +## Conclusion + +It was quite a lot of fun writing Gemtexter. It's a relatively small project, but given that I worked on that in my spare time once in a while, it kept me busy for several weeks. + +I finally revamped my personal internet site and started to blog again. I wanted the result to be exactly how it is now: A slightly retro-inspired internet site built for fun with unconventional tools. + +E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) + +Other related posts are: + +<< template::inline::rindex gemtext gemini bash + +=> ../ Back to the main site diff --git a/gemfeed/2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md b/gemfeed/2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md index b942293d..40920159 100644 --- a/gemfeed/2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md +++ b/gemfeed/2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md @@ -117,6 +117,11 @@ Java needs a clean cut. The clean cut shall be incompatible with previous versio Am I a Java expert now? No, by far not. But I am better now than before :-). +Other related posts are: + +[2022-12-24 (Re)learning Java - My takeaways (You are currently reading this)](./2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md) +[2016-11-20 Object oriented programming with ANSI C](./2016-11-20-object-oriented-programming-with-ansi-c.md) + E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` :-) [Back to the main site](../) diff --git a/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.md b/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.md index 2323aeca..9c428755 100644 --- a/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.md +++ b/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # f3s: Kubernetes with FreeBSD - Part 6: Storage -> Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Tue 27 Jan 10:09:08 EET 2026 +> Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Wed 19 Mar 2026 This is the sixth blog post about the f3s series for self-hosting demands in a home lab. f3s? The "f" stands for FreeBSD, and the "3s" stands for k3s, the Kubernetes distribution used on FreeBSD-based physical machines. @@ -1641,6 +1641,8 @@ fi touch "$LOCK_FILE" trap "rm -f $LOCK_FILE" EXIT +MOUNT_FIXED=0 + fix_mount () { echo "Attempting to remount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT" if mount -o remount -f "$MOUNT_POINT" 2>/dev/null; then @@ -1656,6 +1658,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo "$MOUNT_POINT is not a valid mountpoint, attempting mount" if mount "$MOUNT_POINT"; then echo "Successfully mounted $MOUNT_POINT" + MOUNT_FIXED=1 return else echo "Failed to mount $MOUNT_POINT" @@ -1672,6 +1675,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo "Attempting to mount $MOUNT_POINT" if mount "$MOUNT_POINT"; then echo "NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT mounted successfully" + MOUNT_FIXED=1 return else echo "Failed to mount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT" @@ -1690,6 +1694,30 @@ if ! timeout 2s stat "$MOUNT_POINT" >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT appears to be unresponsive" fix_mount fi + +# After a successful remount, delete pods stuck on this node +if [ "$MOUNT_FIXED" -eq 1 ]; then + echo "Mount was fixed, checking for stuck pods on this node..." + NODE=$(hostname) + export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml + kubectl get pods --all-namespaces \ + --field-selector="spec.nodeName=$NODE" \ + -o json 2>/dev/null | jq -r ' + .items[] | + select( + .status.phase == "Unknown" or + .status.phase == "Pending" or + (.status.conditions // [] | + any(.type == "Ready" and .status == "False")) or + (.status.containerStatuses // [] | + any(.state.waiting.reason == "ContainerCreating")) + ) | "\(.metadata.namespace) \(.metadata.name)"' | \ + while read ns pod; do + echo "Deleting stuck pod $ns/$pod" + kubectl delete pod -n "$ns" "$pod" \ + --grace-period=0 --force 2>&1 + done +fi EOF [root@r0 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/check-nfs-mount.sh @@ -1749,6 +1777,10 @@ To enable and start the timer, we run: Note: Stale file handles are inherent to NFS failover because file handles are server-specific. The best approach depends on your application's tolerance for brief disruptions. Of course, all the changes made to `r0` above must also be applied to `r1` and `r2`. +> Updated Wed 19 Mar 2026: Added automatic pod restart after NFS remount + +The script now also tracks whether a mount was fixed via the `MOUNT_FIXED` variable. After a successful remount, it queries kubectl for pods on the local node that are stuck in `Unknown`, `Pending`, or `ContainerCreating` state and force-deletes them. Kubernetes then automatically reschedules these pods, which will now succeed because the NFS mount is healthy again. Without this, pods that hit a stale mount would remain broken until manually deleted, even after the underlying NFS issue was resolved. + ### Complete Failover Test Here's a comprehensive test of the failover behaviour with all optimisations in place: diff --git a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.md b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.md index 8ddf6f95..45e75a0d 100644 --- a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.md +++ b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.md @@ -1,11 +1,18 @@ -# Distributed Systems Simulator +# Distributed Systems Simulator v1.1.0 released -This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Simulator program I've created specifically for simulating distributed systems protocols, offering both built-in implementations of common algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. +> DRAFT - Not yet published + +This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Systems Simulator program I created as my diploma thesis at the Aachen University of Applied Sciences (August 2008). The simulator offers both built-in implementations of common distributed systems algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. + +[ds-sim on Codeberg (modernized, English-translated version)](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim) + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot.png) ## Table of Contents -* [⇢ Distributed Systems Simulator](#distributed-systems-simulator) +* [⇢ Distributed Systems Simulator v1.1.0 released](#distributed-systems-simulator-v110-released) * [⇢ ⇢ Motivation](#motivation) +* [⇢ ⇢ Installation](#installation) * [⇢ ⇢ Fundamentals](#fundamentals) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Client/Server Model](#clientserver-model) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Processes and Their Roles](#processes-and-their-roles) @@ -13,26 +20,41 @@ This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Simulator program I've created spe * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Local and Global Clocks](#local-and-global-clocks) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Events](#events) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Protocols](#protocols) -* [⇢ Graphical User Interface (GUI)](#graphical-user-interface-gui) -* [⇢ ⇢ Simple Mode](#simple-mode) +* [⇢ ⇢ Graphical User Interface (GUI)](#graphical-user-interface-gui) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Simple Mode](#simple-mode) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Menu Bar](#the-menu-bar) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Toolbar](#the-toolbar) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Visualization](#the-visualization) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Color Differentiation](#color-differentiation) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Sidebar](#the-sidebar) * [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Log Window](#the-log-window) -* [⇢ ⇢ Expert Mode](#expert-mode) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ New Functions in the Sidebar](#new-functions-in-the-sidebar) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Lamport Time, Vector Time, and Anti-Aliasing Switches](#lamport-time-vector-time-and-anti-aliasing-switches) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ The Log Filter](#the-log-filter) -* [⇢ ⇢ Events](#events) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Key Features of Events:](#key-features-of-events) -* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Event Types Available:](#event-types-available) -* [⇢ ⇢ Summary](#summary) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Expert Mode](#expert-mode) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Configuration Settings](#configuration-settings) +* [⇢ ⇢ Protocols and Examples](#protocols-and-examples) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Dummy Protocol](#dummy-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Ping-Pong Protocol](#ping-pong-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Broadcast Protocol](#broadcast-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Internal Synchronization Protocol](#internal-synchronization-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Christian's Method (External Synchronization)](#christian-s-method-external-synchronization) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Berkeley Algorithm](#berkeley-algorithm) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ One-Phase Commit Protocol](#one-phase-commit-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Two-Phase Commit Protocol](#two-phase-commit-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Basic Multicast Protocol](#basic-multicast-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Reliable Multicast Protocol](#reliable-multicast-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ Additional Examples](#additional-examples) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Lamport and Vector Timestamps](#lamport-and-vector-timestamps) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Simulating Slow Connections](#simulating-slow-connections) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Raft Consensus Failover](#raft-consensus-failover) +* [⇢ ⇢ Protocol API](#protocol-api) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Class Hierarchy](#class-hierarchy) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Implementing a Custom Protocol](#implementing-a-custom-protocol) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Available API Methods](#available-api-methods) +* [⇢ ⇢ ⇢ Example: Reliable Multicast Implementation](#example-reliable-multicast-implementation) +* [⇢ ⇢ Project Statistics](#project-statistics) ## Motivation -Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault tolerance—all within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. +Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault tolerance -- all within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. In the literature, one can find many different definitions of a distributed system. Many of these definitions differ from each other, making it difficult to find a single definition that stands alone as the correct one. Andrew Tanenbaum and Maarten van Steen chose the following loose characterization for describing a distributed system: @@ -44,6 +66,42 @@ This thesis aims to make it easier for users to view distributed systems from a To achieve this goal, a simulator was developed, particularly for teaching and learning purposes at the University of Applied Sciences Aachen. With the simulator, protocols from distributed systems with their most important influencing factors can be replicated through simulations. At the same time, there is ample room for personal experiments, with no restriction to a fixed number of protocols. It is therefore important that users are enabled to design their own protocols. +The original simulator (VS-Sim) was written in Java 6 in 2008 with a German-language UI. In 2025, I revamped and modernized it as ds-sim: The entire codebase and UI were translated from German to English. The build system was migrated from hand-rolled Ant scripts to Maven. The Java baseline was upgraded from Java 6 to Java 21, adopting modern language features such as sealed class hierarchies, record types, formatted strings, and pattern matching. A proper exception hierarchy and consistent error handling were introduced. Comprehensive Javadoc documentation was added to all public APIs. A headless testing framework was implemented, bringing the project to 208 unit tests covering core components, the event system, and all protocol implementations. The project structure was reorganized to follow standard Maven conventions, and architecture documentation was added. In total, the modernization touched 199 files with over 15,000 lines of new code. Back in 2008, I wrote every single line by hand using the Vim editor. For the 2025 modernization, I could rely on Claude Code for most of the heavy lifting -- the translation, the refactoring, the test generation, the documentation. It is insane how times have changed. + +## Installation + +The modernized ds-sim requires Java 21 or higher and Maven 3.8 or higher. + +``` +# Clone the repository +git clone https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim.git +cd ds-sim + +# Set JAVA_HOME if needed (e.g. on Fedora Linux) +export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk + +# Build the project +mvn clean package + +# Run the simulator +java -jar target/ds-sim-*.jar +``` + +For a faster development build without running tests: + +``` +mvn package -DskipTests +``` + +After building, the following artifacts are available in the `target/` directory: + +* `ds-sim-1.1.0.jar` - Executable JAR with all dependencies bundled +* `original-ds-sim-1.1.0.jar` - JAR without dependencies + +The project also includes 208 unit tests that can be run with `mvn test`. Example simulation files for all built-in protocols are included in the `saved-simulations/` directory. + +[ds-sim source code on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim) + ## Fundamentals For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper exploration will follow in later chapters. @@ -51,15 +109,15 @@ For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper explora ### Client/Server Model ``` -┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ -│ │ -│ ┌────────┐ ┌────────┐ │ -│ │ Client │◄-------►│ Server │ │ -│ └────────┘ └────────┘ │ -│ │ -│ Sending of Messages │ -│ │ -└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ++-----------------------------------------+ +| | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | Client |<------->| Server | | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | +| Sending of Messages | +| | ++-----------------------------------------+ Figure 1.1: Client/Server Model ``` @@ -81,213 +139,712 @@ In a simulation, there is exactly one global clock. It represents the current an Additionally, each participating process has its own local clock. It represents the current time of the respective process. Unlike the global clock, local clocks can display an incorrect time. If the process time is not globally correct (not equal to the global time, or displays an incorrect time), then it was either reset during a simulation, or it is running incorrectly due to clock drift. The clock drift indicates by what factor the clock is running incorrectly. This will be discussed in more detail later. ``` -┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ -│ Process 1 │ │ Process 2 │ -│ │ │ │ -│ ┌─────────────────┐ │ │ ┌─────────────────┐ │ -│ │Server Protocol A│ │ │ │Client Protocol A│ │ -│ └─────────────────┘ │ │ └─────────────────┘ │ -│ │ │ │ -│ ┌─────────────────┐ │ └─────────────────────┘ -│ │Client Protocol B│ │ -│ └─────────────────┘ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ -│ │ │ Process 3 │ -└─────────────────────┘ │ │ - │ ┌─────────────────┐ │ - │ │Server Protocol B│ │ - │ └─────────────────┘ │ - │ │ - └─────────────────────┘ ++---------------------+ +---------------------+ +| Process 1 | | Process 2 | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| |Server Protocol A| | | |Client Protocol A| | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| |Client Protocol B| | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| | | Process 3 | ++---------------------+ | | + | +-----------------+ | + | |Server Protocol B| | + | +-----------------+ | + | | + +---------------------+ Figure 1.2: Client/Server Protocols ``` -In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in Chapter 3.11.1. +In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in the "Additional Examples" section. ### Events A simulation consists of the sequential execution of finitely many events. For example, there can be an event that causes a process to send a message. A process crash event would also be conceivable. Each event occurs at a specific point in time. Events with the same occurrence time are executed directly one after another by the simulator. However, this does not hinder the simulator's users, as events are executed in parallel from their perspective. +Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as: + +* Message receive events: Triggered when a message arrives at a recipient process +* Protocol schedule events (alarms): Triggered by a timer set by a protocol, e.g. for retransmission timeouts +* Random events: Such as random process crashes based on configured crash probability + ### Protocols A simulation also consists of the application of protocols. It has already been mentioned that a process can take on the roles of servers and/or clients. For each server and client role, the associated protocol must also be specified. A protocol defines how a client and a server send messages, and how they react when a message arrives. A protocol also determines what data is contained in a message. A process only processes a received message if it understands the respective protocol. In Figure 1.2, 3 processes are shown. Process 1 supports protocol "A" on the server side and protocol "B" on the client side. Process 2 supports protocol "A" on the client side and Process 3 supports protocol "B" on the server side. This means that Process 1 can communicate with Process 2 via protocol "A" and with Process 3 via protocol "B". Processes 2 and 3 are incompatible with each other and cannot process messages received from each other. -Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol in Chapter 3.3). +Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol later). -# Graphical User Interface (GUI) +## Graphical User Interface (GUI) -## Simple Mode +### Simple Mode -![Figure 2.1: The simulator after first launch] +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot2.png) The simulator requires JDK 21 and can be started with the command `java -jar target/ds-sim-VERSION.jar` -The simulator then presents itself as shown in Figure 2.1. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu (see Fig. 2.2), after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. +The simulator then presents itself with a main window. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu, after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. By default, the simulator starts in "simple mode". There is also an "expert mode", which will be discussed later. ### The Menu Bar -In the File menu (see Fig. 2.2), you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. - -![Figure 2.2: File Menu] +In the File menu, you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. -Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. This will also be discussed in more detail later. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. +Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. Some menu items are only accessible when a simulation has already been created or loaded in the current window. -![Figure 2.3: A new simulation] - ### The Toolbar -The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator (see Fig. 2.4). The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. - -The toolbar offers four different functions: - -![Figure 2.4: The menu line including toolbar] +The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator. The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. The toolbar offers four different functions: * Reset simulation: can only be activated when the simulation has been paused or has finished -* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started +* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started * Pause simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is currently running * Start simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is not currently running and has not yet finished ### The Visualization -![Figure 2.5: Visualization of a simulation that has not yet been started] - -The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. Figure 2.5 shows 3 processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. - -![Figure 2.6: Right-click on a process bar] +The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. The visualization shows processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. The process bars also serve as start and end points for messages. For example, if Process 1 sends a message to Process 2, a line is drawn from one process bar to the other. Messages that a process sends to itself are not visualized but are logged in the log window (more on this later). -Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options (see Fig. 2.6). A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. +Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options. A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. In general, the number of processes can vary as desired. The simulation duration is at least 5 and at most 120 seconds. The simulation only ends when the global time reaches the specified simulation end time (here 15 seconds), not when a local process time reaches this end time. ### Color Differentiation -Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the colors listed in Table 2.1. These are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings. +Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the following colors (these are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings): ``` -Table 2.1: Color differentiation of processes and messages - -| Process Color | Meaning | -|---------------|---------------------------------------------------| -| Black | The simulation is not currently running | -| Orange | The mouse is over the process bar | -| Red | The process has crashed | - -| Message Color | Meaning | -|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| Green | The message is still in transit and has not yet reached its destination | -| Blue | The message has successfully reached its destination | -| Red | The message was lost | +Process Colors: + Black - The simulation is not currently running + Green - The process is running normally + Orange - The mouse is over the process bar + Red - The process has crashed + +Message Colors: + Green - The message is still in transit + Blue - The message has successfully reached its destination + Red - The message was lost ``` ### The Sidebar -![Figure 2.7: The sidebar with empty event editor] - -The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top of Figure 2.7, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events (none present here yet) along with their occurrence times and PIDs. - -![Figure 2.8: The event editor with 3 programmed events] +The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events along with their occurrence times and PIDs. -To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar (see Fig. 2.6) and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table (see Fig. 2.9), enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". For example, in Figure 2.8, three events were added: crash after 123ms, revival after 321ms, and another crash after 3000ms of the process with ID 1. - -![Figure 2.9: Event selection via sidebar] +To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table, enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". Right-clicking on the event editor allows you to either copy or delete all selected events. Using the Ctrl key, multiple events can be selected simultaneously. The entries in the Time and PID columns can be edited afterwards. This provides a convenient way to move already programmed events to a different time or assign them to a different process. However, users should ensure that they press the Enter key after changing the event occurrence time, otherwise the change will be ineffective. -In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process (see Fig. 2.13 left). There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. +In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process. There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. ### The Log Window -The log window (see Fig. 2.3, bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. Figure 2.10 shows the log window after creating the demo simulation with 3 participating processes. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. - -![Figure 2.10: The log window] +The log window (at the bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. ``` 000000ms: New Simulation 000000ms: New Process; PID: 1; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 2; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 3; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) +``` + +By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. + +### Expert Mode + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot.png) + +The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. + +In expert mode, the following additional features become available: + +* Global events: In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. Global events are triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached, rather than a local process time. This only makes a difference when local process times differ from the global time (e.g. due to clock drift). +* Direct PID selection: The user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. +* Lamport and Vector time switches: If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. Only one can be active at a time to maintain clarity. +* Anti-aliasing switch: Allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing for smoother graphics. Disabled by default for performance reasons. +* Log filter: A regular expression filter (Java syntax) that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. For example, `"PID: (1|2)"` shows only log lines containing "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". The filter can be activated retroactively and during a running simulation. + +### Configuration Settings + +The simulation settings window allows configuring many aspects of the simulation. Key settings include: + +* Processes receive own messages (default: false): Whether processes can receive messages they sent to themselves. +* Average message loss probabilities (default: true): Whether to average the loss probabilities of sender and receiver processes. +* Average transmission times (default: true): Whether to average the transmission times of sender and receiver processes. +* Show only relevant messages (default: true): Hides messages sent to processes that don't support the protocol. +* Expert mode (default: false): Enables expert mode features. +* Simulation speed (default: 0.5): The playback speed factor. A value of 1 means real-time, 0.5 means half speed. +* Number of processes (default: 3): Can also be changed during simulation via right-click. +* Simulation duration (default: 15s): Between 5 and 120 seconds. + +Each process also has individual settings: + +* Clock drift (default: 0.0): By what factor the local clock deviates. A value of 0.0 means no deviation. A value of 1.0 means double speed. Values > -1.0 are allowed. +* Random crash probability (default: 0%): Probability that the process crashes randomly during the simulation. +* Message loss probability (default: 0%): Probability that a message sent by this process is lost in transit. +* Min/Max transmission time (default: 500ms/2000ms): The range for random message delivery times. + +## Protocols and Examples + +The simulator comes with 10 built-in protocols. As described earlier, protocols are distinguished between server-side and client-side. Servers can respond to client messages, and clients can respond to server messages. Each process can support any number of protocols on both the client and server side. Users can also implement their own protocols using the simulator's Protocol API (see the Protocol API section). + +The program directory contains a `saved-simulations` folder with example simulations for each protocol as serialized `.dat` files. + +### Dummy Protocol + +The Dummy Protocol serves only as a template for creating custom protocols. When using the Dummy Protocol, only log messages are output when events occur. No further actions are performed. + +### Ping-Pong Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong.png) + +In the Ping-Pong Protocol, two processes -- Client P1 and Server P2 -- constantly send messages back and forth. The Ping-Pong client starts the first request, to which the server responds to the client. The client then responds again, and so on. Each message includes a counter that is incremented at each station and logged in the log window. + +``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +It is important that Process 1 activates its Ping-Pong client before starting a Ping-Pong client request. Before a process can start a request, it must have the corresponding protocol activated. This also applies to all other protocols. + +**Ping-Pong Storm Variant** + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong-storm.png) + +By adding a third process P3 as an additional Ping-Pong server, a Ping-Pong "Storm" can be realized. Since every client message now receives two server responses, the number of messages doubles with each round, creating an exponential message flood. + +``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Storm Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +### Broadcast Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/broadcast.png) + +The Broadcast Protocol behaves similarly to the Ping-Pong Protocol. The difference is that the protocol tracks -- using a unique Broadcast ID -- which messages have already been sent. Each process re-broadcasts all received messages to others, provided it has not already sent them. + +In this case, no distinction is made between client and server, so that the same action is performed when a message arrives at either side. This makes it possible, using multiple processes, to create a broadcast. P1 is the client and starts a request at 0ms and 2500ms. The simulation duration is exactly 5000ms. Since a client can only receive server messages and a server can only receive client messages, every process in this simulation is both server and client. -□ Expert mode ☑ Logging ``` +Programmed Broadcast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Client activate | +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +``` + +### Internal Synchronization Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/int-sync.png) -By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. This is due to the very slow Java implementation of the JTextArea class, which performs updates very sluggishly. +The Internal Synchronization Protocol is used for synchronizing the local process time, which can be applied when a process time is running incorrectly due to clock drift. When the client wants to synchronize its (incorrect) local process time t_c with a server, it sends a client request. The server responds with its own local process time t_s, allowing the client to calculate a new, more accurate time for itself. -## Expert Mode +After receiving the server response, the client P1 calculates its new local process time as: + +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * (t'_min + t'_max) +``` -The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. Figure 2.11 shows the simulator in expert mode. When comparing expert mode with simple mode, several differences are noticeable: +This synchronizes P1's local time with an error of less than 1/2 * (t'_max - t'_min), where t'_min and t'_max are the assumed minimum and maximum transmission times configured in the protocol settings. -![Figure 2.11: The Simulator in Expert Mode] +In the example, the client process has a clock drift of 0.1 and the server has 0.0. The client starts a request at local process times 0ms, 5000ms, and 10000ms. By simulation end, P1's time is synchronized to 15976ms (an error of -976ms from the global 15000ms). -### New Functions in the Sidebar +``` +Programmed Internal Sync Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +``` -The first difference is visible in the sidebar (see Fig. 2.12). In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. As already mentioned, local events are those events that occur when a specific local time of the associated process has been reached. Global events, on the other hand, are those events that occur when a specific global time has been reached. A global event takes the global simulation time and a local event takes the local process time as the entry criterion. Global events thus only make a difference when the local process times differ from the global time. +Protocol variables (client-side): -Furthermore, the user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. In simple mode, the PID of the currently selected process (in the topmost ComboBox) was always used by default (here with PID 1). +* Min. transmission time (Long: 500): The assumed t'_min in milliseconds +* Max. transmission time (Long: 2000): The assumed t'_max in milliseconds -![Figure 2.12: The Sidebar in Expert Mode] +These can differ from the actual message transmission times t_min and t_max, allowing simulation of scenarios where the protocol is misconfigured and large synchronization errors occur. -### Lamport Time, Vector Time, and Anti-Aliasing Switches +### Christian's Method (External Synchronization) -Further differences are noticeable below the log window. Among other things, there are two new switches "Lamport time" and "Vector time". If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. To maintain clarity, the user can only have one of these two switches activated at the same time. +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/christians.png) -The anti-aliasing switch allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing. With anti-aliasing, all graphics in the visualization are displayed with rounded edges (see [Bra03]). For performance reasons, anti-aliasing is not active by default. +Christian's Method uses the RTT (Round Trip Time) to approximate the transmission time of individual messages. When the client wants to synchronize its local time t_c with a server, it sends a request and measures the RTT t_rtt until the server response arrives. The server response contains the local process time t_s from the moment the server sent the response. The client then calculates its new local time as: -### The Log Filter +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * t_rtt +``` -As a simulation becomes more complex, the entries in the log window become increasingly confusing. Here it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of all events. To counteract this, expert mode includes a log filter that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. +The accuracy is +/- (1/2 * t_rtt - u_min) where u_min is a lower bound for message transmission time. -The log filter is activated and deactivated using the associated "Filter" switch. A regular expression in Java syntax can be entered in the input line behind it. The use of regular expressions using Java is covered in [Fri06]. For example, with `"PID: (1|2)"` only log lines are displayed that contain either "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". All other lines that only contain "PID: 3", for example, are not displayed. With the log filter, only the log lines that match the specified regular expression are displayed. The log filter can also be activated retroactively, as already logged events are filtered again after each filter change. +The visualization compares both synchronization methods side by side: P1 uses Internal Synchronization and P3 uses Christian's Method, with P2 serving both. Both P1 and P3 have clock drift 0.1. In this particular run, Internal Synchronization achieved a better result (-433ms error vs. -539ms), though results vary between runs due to random transmission times. -The log filter can also be used during a running simulation. When the filter is deactivated, all messages are displayed again. Log messages that have never been displayed due to the filter are then displayed retroactively. +``` +Programmed Comparison Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 0 | 2 | Christian's Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +``` -![Figure 2.13: The Process Editor in the Sidebar] +### Berkeley Algorithm + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/berkeley.png) + +The Berkeley Algorithm is another method for synchronizing local clocks. This is the first protocol where the server initiates the requests. The server acts as a coordinator. The client processes are passive and must wait until a server request arrives. The server must know which client processes participate in the protocol, which is configured in the server's protocol settings. + +When the server wants to synchronize its local time t_s and the process times t_i of the clients (i = 1,...,n), it sends a server request. n is the number of participating clients. The clients then send their local process times back to the server. The server measures the RTTs r_i for all client responses. + +After all responses are received, the server sets its own time to the average t_avg of all known process times (including its own). The transmission time of a client response is estimated as half the RTT: + +``` +t_avg := 1/(n+1) * (t_s + SUM(r_i/2 + t_i)) +t_s := t_avg +``` + +The server then calculates a correction value k_i := t_avg - t_i for each client and sends it back. Each client sets its new time to t'_i := t'_i + k_i. + +``` +Programmed Berkeley Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|-----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +| 7500 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +``` -## Events +Protocol variables (server-side): -Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as the arrival of a message or the execution of an action due to an alarm (more on this later). +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: [1,3]): The PIDs of the Berkeley client processes. The protocol will not work if a non-existent PID is specified or if the process does not support the Berkeley protocol on the client side. -### Key Features of Events: +### One-Phase Commit Protocol -* Local Eventsi: Triggered when a specific local time of the associated process is reached -* Global Eventsi: (Expert Mode only): Triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached -* Event Programmingi: Users can add events by: Right-clicking on a process bar and selecting "Insert local event", using the event editor in the sidebar or by sssssssssssthe event time and type +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/one-phase-commit.png) -### Event Types Available: +The One-Phase Commit Protocol is designed to move any number of clients to a commit. In practice, this could be creating or deleting a file that each client has a local copy of. The server is the coordinator and initiates the commit request. The server periodically resends the commit request until every client has acknowledged it. For this purpose, the PIDs of all participating client processes and a timer for resending must be configured. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. P1 crashes at 1000ms and recovers at 5000ms. The first two commit requests fail to reach P1 due to its crash. Only the third attempt succeeds. Each client acknowledges a commit request only once. + +``` +Programmed One-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server request start | +| 1000 | 1 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 1 | Process revival | +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the commit request +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): The client process PIDs that should commit + +### Two-Phase Commit Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/two-phase-commit.png) + +The Two-Phase Commit Protocol is an extension of the One-Phase Commit Protocol. The server first sends a request to all participating clients asking whether they want to commit. Each client responds with true or false. The server periodically retries until all results are collected. After receiving all votes, the server checks whether all clients voted true. If at least one client voted false, the commit process is aborted and a global result of false is sent to all clients. If all voted true, the global result true is sent. The global result is periodically resent until each client acknowledges receipt. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. The server sends its first request at 0ms. Here both P1 and P3 vote true, so the commit proceeds. + +``` +Programmed Two-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server request start | +``` + +Example log extract showing the two-phase voting process: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: wantVote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +000905ms: PID 3: Message sent; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Integer: pid=3; Boolean: isVote=true; vote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Vote true sent +001880ms: PID 2: Message received; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001880ms: PID 2: Vote from Process 3 received! Result: true +001947ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001947ms: PID 1: Vote true sent +003137ms: PID 2: Votes from all participating processes received! + Global result: true +003137ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 99; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: isVoteResult=true; voteResult=true +004124ms: PID 1: Global vote result received. Result: true +006051ms: PID 2: All participants have acknowledged the vote +010000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Client PIDs that should vote and commit + +Protocol variables (client-side): + +* Commit probability (Integer: ackProb = 50): The probability in percent that the client votes true (for commit) + +### Basic Multicast Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/basic-multicast.png) + +The Basic Multicast Protocol is very simple. The client always initiates the request, which represents a simple multicast message. The Basic Multicast servers serve only to receive the message. No acknowledgments are sent. The client P2 sends a multicast message every 2500ms to servers P1 and P3. + +P1 can only receive multicast messages after 2500ms because it does not support the protocol before then. P3 is crashed from 3000ms to 6000ms and also cannot receive messages during that time. Each process has a 30% message loss probability, so some messages are lost in transit (shown in red). + +In this example, the 3rd multicast message to P3 and the 5th and 6th messages to P1 were lost. Only the 4th multicast message reached both destinations. + +``` +Programmed Basic Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 2500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 6000 | 3 | Process revival | +| 7500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 10000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 12500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +``` + +### Reliable Multicast Protocol + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/reliable-multicast.png) + +In the Reliable Multicast Protocol, the client periodically resends its multicast message until it has received an acknowledgment from all participating servers. After each retry, the client "forgets" which servers have already acknowledged, so each new attempt must be acknowledged again by all participants. + +In the example, P2 is the client and P1 and P3 are the servers. At 0ms, the client initiates its multicast message. The message loss probability is set to 30% on all processes. The client needs exactly 5 attempts until successful delivery: + +* Attempt 1: P1 doesn't support the protocol yet. P3 receives the message but its ACK is lost. +* Attempt 2: The message to P1 is lost. P3 receives it but is crashed and can't process it. +* Attempt 3: P1 receives the message and ACKs successfully. The message to P3 is lost. +* Attempt 4: P1 receives and ACKs again. P3 receives it but is still crashed. +* Attempt 5: Both P1 and P3 receive the message and ACK successfully. + +``` +Programmed Reliable Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------------| +| 0 | 3 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 10000 | 3 | Process revival | +``` + +Example log extract: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Reliable Multicast Client activated +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +000000ms: PID 3: Reliable Multicast Server activated +001590ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +001590ms: PID 3: ACK sent +002500ms: PID 1: Reliable Multicast Server activated +002500ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 282; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +003000ms: PID 3: Crashed +005000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 283; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +005952ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 283 +005952ms: PID 1: ACK sent +007937ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 1 received! +... +011813ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 3 received! +011813ms: PID 2: ACKs from all participating processes received! +015000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the multicast +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Server PIDs that should receive the multicast + +## Additional Examples + +### Lamport and Vector Timestamps + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/lamport-timestamps.png) + +> "For many purposes, it is sufficient that all machines agree on the same time. It is not necessary that this time also agrees with real time, like every hour announced on the radio... For a certain class of algorithms, only the internal consistency of clocks is important." - Andrew Tanenbaum + +Clocks that provide such a time are also known as logical clocks. Two implementations are realized in the simulator: Lamport timestamps and vector timestamps. + +After activating the Lamport time switch in expert mode, the current Lamport timestamp appears at every event of a process. Each process has its own Lamport timestamp that is incremented when a message is sent or received. Each message carries the current Lamport time t_l(i) of the sending process i. When another process j receives this message, its Lamport timestamp t_l(j) is recalculated as: + +``` +t_l(j) := 1 + max(t_l(j), t_l(i)) +``` + +The larger Lamport time of the sender and receiver process is used and then incremented by 1. After the Berkeley simulation shown here, P1 has Lamport timestamp 16, P2 has 14, and P3 has 15. + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/vector-timestamps.png) + +With the active vector time switch, all vector timestamps are displayed. Like the Lamport timestamp, each message includes the current vector timestamp of the sending process. With n participating processes, the vector timestamp v has size n. Each participating process i has its own index, accessible via v(i). When v is the vector timestamp of the receiving process j and w is the vector timestamp of the sending process, the new local vector timestamp of process j is calculated as follows: + +``` +for (i := 0; i < n; i++) { + if (i = j) { + v(i)++; + } else if (v(i) < w(i)) { + v(i) := w(i); + } +} +``` + +By default, the vector timestamp is only incremented when a message is sent or received. In both cases, the sender and receiver each increment their own index in the vector timestamp by 1. Upon receiving a message, the local vector timestamp is then compared with the sender's, and the larger value is taken for all indices. + +After the simulation, P1 has vector timestamp (8,10,6), P2 has (6,10,6), and P3 has (6,10,8). + +The simulation settings include boolean variables "Lamport times affect all events" and "Vector times affect all events" (both default to false). When set to true, all events (not just message send/receive) will update the timestamps. + +### Simulating Slow Connections + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/slow-connection.png) + +The simulator can also simulate slow connections to a specific process. This example revisits the comparison of Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3), with P2 serving both. In this scenario, P3 has a poor network connection, so messages to and from P3 always require a longer transmission time. + +P3's minimum transmission time is set to 2000ms and maximum to 8000ms, while P1 and P2 keep the defaults (500ms/2000ms). The simulation duration is 20000ms. With the "Average transmission times" setting enabled, the effective transmission time for messages involving P3 is: + +``` +1/2 * (rand(500,2000) + rand(2000,8000)) = 1/2 * rand(2500,10000) = rand(1250,5000)ms +``` + +Because P3 starts a new request before receiving the answer to its previous one, and because it always associates server responses with its most recently sent request, its RTT calculations become incorrect on each round, and its local time is poorly synchronized. P1 synchronizes to 21446ms (error: -1446ms) while P3 only reaches 16557ms (error: -3443ms). + +### Raft Consensus Failover + +[](./distributed-systems-simulator/raft-consensus-failover.png) + +While modernizing ds-sim, I also added a simplified Raft Consensus example. The simulation is intentionally small: three processes, one initial leader, one crash, a clean reelection, a recovery of the old leader, and then another crash later in the run. This makes it possible to see the most important Raft transitions without being overwhelmed by cluster size. + +The event log tells a very readable story. At `0ms`, `P1` starts as the initial leader in `term 0`. It immediately sends a heartbeat and an `appendEntry` message carrying the log entry `cmd1`. `P2` joins at `100ms`, `P3` at `1700ms`, and both acknowledge the leader's traffic. At that point the cluster is healthy: one leader, two followers, successful heartbeats, and successful log replication. + +At `3500ms`, `P1` crashes. The followers still process the last in-flight messages, but once the election timeout expires, `P2` becomes a candidate and sends a `voteRequest` for `term 1`. `P3` grants that vote, and at `9395ms` the log records the decisive line: + +``` +009395ms: PID: 2; ... Leader elected by majority vote: process 2 (term 1) +``` + +That transition is followed immediately by new heartbeats and a new `appendEntry`, which is exactly what you want to see in a Raft simulation: leadership is not just declared, it is exercised. + +At `12002ms`, the old leader `P1` recovers. Importantly, it does not try to reclaim control. Instead, it receives heartbeats from `P2` and answers with `heartbeatAck` messages, rejoining the cluster as a follower. That is one of the most useful teaching moments in the log, because it makes the term-based leadership model concrete: the recovered node does not become leader again just because it used to be one. + +At `20000ms`, `P3` crashes. The cluster continues running with `P2` as leader and `P1` as follower for the rest of the 60-second simulation. The log remains dominated by periodic heartbeats from `P2` and acknowledgments from `P1`, showing that the system stays stable even after a second failure. + +This single scenario demonstrates several core Raft properties in one replay: + +* Stable startup leadership +* Heartbeats and follower acknowledgments +* Log replication +* Leader failure detection +* Majority-based reelection +* Safe reintegration of a recovered former leader +* Continued service after a later follower crash + +It is also a good example of why a simulator is useful for distributed systems. In a real production system, reconstructing this sort of sequence would require stitching together logs from multiple nodes. Here, the message flow, the crashes, the recoveries, and the Lamport/vector timestamps are all visible in one place. + +## Protocol API + +The simulator was designed from the ground up to be extensible. Users can implement their own protocols in Java by extending the `VSAbstractProtocol` base class. Each protocol has its own class in the `protocols.implementations` package. + +### Class Hierarchy + +``` +VSAbstractEvent + +-- VSAbstractProtocol (base class for all protocols) + +-- VSDummyProtocol + +-- VSPingPongProtocol + +-- VSBroadcastProtocol + +-- VSInternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSExternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSBerkeleyTimeProtocol + +-- VSOnePhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSTwoPhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSBasicMulticastProtocol + +-- VSReliableMulticastProtocol +``` + +### Implementing a Custom Protocol + +Each protocol class must implement the following methods: + +* A public constructor: Must specify whether the client or the server initiates requests, using `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START` or `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_SERVER_START`. +* `onClientInit()` / `onServerInit()`: Called once before the protocol is first used. Used to initialize protocol variables and attributes via the VSPrefs methods (e.g. `initVector`, `initLong`). Variables initialized this way appear in the process editor and can be configured by the user. +* `onClientReset()` / `onServerReset()`: Called each time the simulation is reset. +* `onClientStart()` / `onServerStart()`: Called when the client/server initiates a request. Typically creates and sends a `VSMessage` object. +* `onClientRecv(VSMessage)` / `onServerRecv(VSMessage)`: Called when a message arrives. +* `onClientSchedule()` / `onServerSchedule()`: Called when a scheduled alarm fires. +* `toString()`: Optional. Customizes log output for this protocol. + +### Available API Methods + +Methods inherited from `VSAbstractProtocol`: + +* `sendMessage(VSMessage message)`: Sends a protocol message (automatically updates Lamport and Vector timestamps) +* `hasOnServerStart()`: Whether the server or client initiates requests +* `isServer()` / `isClient()`: Whether the current process has the protocol activated as server/client +* `scheduleAt(long time)`: Creates an alarm that fires at the given local process time, triggering `onClientSchedule()` or `onServerSchedule()` +* `removeSchedules()`: Cancels all pending alarms in the current context +* `getNumProcesses()`: Returns the total number of processes in the simulation + +Process methods available via the inherited `process` attribute: + +* `getTime()` / `setTime(long)`: Get/set the local process time +* `getGlobalTime()`: Get the current global simulation time +* `getClockVariance()` / `setClockVariance(float)`: Get/set the clock drift +* `getLamportTime()` / `setLamportTime(long)`: Get/set the Lamport timestamp +* `getVectorTime()` / `updateVectorTime(VSVectorTime)`: Get/update the vector timestamp +* `getProcessID()`: Get the process PID +* `isCrashed()` / `isCrashed(boolean)`: Check or set crash state +* `getRandomPercentage()`: Get a random value between 0 and 100 + +Message methods (`VSMessage`): + +* `new VSMessage()`: Create a new message +* `getMessageID()`: Get the message NID +* `setBoolean(key, value)` / `getBoolean(key)`: Set/get boolean data +* `setInteger(key, value)` / `getInteger(key)`: Set/get integer data +* `setLong(key, value)` / `getLong(key)`: Set/get long data +* `setString(key, value)` / `getString(key)`: Set/get string data +* `getSendingProcess()`: Get a reference to the sending process +* `isServerMessage()`: Whether it's a server or client message + +### Example: Reliable Multicast Implementation + +Here is a condensed example showing key parts of the Reliable Multicast Protocol implementation: + +```java +public class VSReliableMulticastProtocol extends VSAbstractProtocol { + public VSReliableMulticastProtocol() { + // The client initiates requests + super(VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START); + super.setClassname(super.getClass().toString()); + } + + private ArrayList<Integer> pids; + + // Initialize protocol variables (editable in the process editor) + public void onClientInit() { + Vector<Integer> vec = new Vector<Integer>(); + vec.add(1); vec.add(3); + super.initVector("pids", vec, "PIDs of participating processes"); + super.initLong("timeout", 2500, "Time until resend", "ms"); + } + + // Send multicast to all servers that haven't ACKed yet + public void onClientStart() { + if (pids.size() != 0) { + long timeout = super.getLong("timeout") + process.getTime(); + super.scheduleAt(timeout); + VSMessage message = new VSMessage(); + message.setBoolean("isMulticast", true); + super.sendMessage(message); + } + } + + // Handle ACK from a server + public void onClientRecv(VSMessage recvMessage) { + if (pids.size() != 0 && recvMessage.getBoolean("isAck")) { + Integer pid = recvMessage.getIntegerObj("pid"); + if (pids.contains(pid)) + pids.remove(pid); + super.log("ACK from Process " + pid + " received!"); + if (pids.size() == 0) { + super.log("ACKs from all processes received!"); + super.removeSchedules(); + } + } + } + + // Retry on timeout + public void onClientSchedule() { onClientStart(); } +} +``` -* Process crash -* Process revival -* 1-Phase Commit Protocol events -* 2-Phase Commit Protocol events -* Basic Multicast Protocol events +## Project Statistics -The event editor allows users to: +The original VS-Sim project (August 2008) was written in Java 6 and consisted of: -* Copy or delete selected events (right-click functionality) -* Select multiple events using Ctrl key -* Edit time and PID values after creation -* Move events to different times or assign to different processes +* 61 source files across 12 Java packages +* Approximately 15,710 lines of code +* 2.2 MB of generated Javadoc documentation +* 142 KB compiled JAR file +* 10 built-in protocols +* 163 configurable settings -> **Important**: Remember to press Enter after changing event occurrence times, otherwise the changes won't take effect. +The modernized successor ds-sim (version 1.1.0) has been updated to Java 21 and translated to English: -## Summary +* 146 source files (117 main + 29 test) across 19 Java packages +* Approximately 27,900 lines of code (22,400 main + 5,500 test) +* 12 built-in protocols +* 208 unit tests +* 269 configurable settings -The expert mode significantly extends the simulator's capabilities, providing: +[ds-sim source code on Codeberg](https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim) +[vs-sim source code on Codeberg (original German version, 2008)](https://codeberg.org/snonux/vs-sim) -* Enhanced visualization options with Lamport and vector timestamps -* Global event programming in addition to local events -* Advanced log filtering for complex simulations -* Anti-aliasing for improved graphics -* Direct PID selection for event programming +Other related posts are: -These features make the simulator more powerful for advanced distributed systems simulation while maintaining the option to work in simple mode for basic use cases. +[2026-03-01 Loadbars 0.13.0 released](./2026-03-01-loadbars-0.13.0-released.md) +[2022-12-24 (Re)learning Java - My takeaways](./2022-12-24-ultrarelearning-java-my-takeaways.md) +[2022-03-06 The release of DTail 4.0.0](./2022-03-06-the-release-of-dtail-4.0.0.md) +[2016-11-20 Object oriented programming with ANSI C](./2016-11-20-object-oriented-programming-with-ansi-c.md) E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` diff --git a/gemfeed/distributed-systems-simulator/basic-multicast.png b/gemfeed/distributed-systems-simulator/basic-multicast.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..69df62cb --- /dev/null +++ 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