diff options
| author | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-27 16:29:49 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Paul Buetow <paul@buetow.org> | 2026-03-27 16:29:49 +0200 |
| commit | 4be5e0d2d83b8f3f8d52f2774098c5aba67e60ec (patch) | |
| tree | 394425a1285e69c214b4ac8875e4de02c196e8fd | |
| parent | d73812d6b1551e136e5b8d386bc5b47dc4624cd8 (diff) | |
Update
| -rw-r--r-- | about/resources.gmi | 206 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | about/showcase.gmi.tpl | 580 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | about/showcase/debroid/image-1.png | 167 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi | 34 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi | 806 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi.tpl | 767 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/atom.xml | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/f3-sync-plan.md | 389 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemfeed/index.gmi | 2 |
9 files changed, 1873 insertions, 1116 deletions
diff --git a/about/resources.gmi b/about/resources.gmi index 4aa699f0..b9c560b6 100644 --- a/about/resources.gmi +++ b/about/resources.gmi @@ -36,110 +36,110 @@ You won't find any links on this site because, over time, the links will break. In random order: -* Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI-C; Axel-Tobias Schreiner -* Terraform Cookbook; Mikael Krief; Packt Publishing -* Pro Puppet; James Turnbull, Jeffrey McCune; Apress -* Programming Perl aka "The Camel Book"; Tom Christiansen, brian d foy, Larry Wall & Jon Orwant; O'Reilly -* Amazon Web Services in Action; Michael Wittig and Andreas Wittig; Manning Publications -* Concurrency in Go; Katherine Cox-Buday; O'Reilly -* Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale; David N. Blank-Edelman; eBook -* C++ Programming Language; Bjarne Stroustrup; -* Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms; Andrew S. Tanenbaum; Pearson -* Raku Fundamentals; Moritz Lenz; Apress -* The Kubernetes Book; Nigel Poulton; Unabridged Audiobook -* Tmux 2: Productive Mouse-free Development; Brain P. Hogan; The Pragmatic Programmers -* Higher Order Perl; Mark Dominus; Morgan Kaufmann -* Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!; Miran Lipovaca; No Starch Press +* The Go Programming Language; Alan A. A. Donovan; Addison-Wesley Professional * Learn You Some Erlang for Great Good; Fred Herbert; No Starch Press -* Modern Perl; Chromatic ; Onyx Neon Press * DevOps And Site Reliability Engineering Handbook; Stephen Fleming; Audible * Chaos Engineering - System Resiliency in Practice; Casey Rosenthal and Nora Jones; eBook -* Funktionale Programmierung; Peter Pepper; Springer -* 21st Century C: C Tips from the New School; Ben Klemens; O'Reilly -* Java ist auch eine Insel; Christian Ullenboom; -* Think Raku (aka Think Perl 6); Laurent Rosenfeld, Allen B. Downey; O'Reilly -* The DevOps Handbook; Gene Kim, Jez Humble, Patrick Debois, John Willis; Audible -* Hands-on Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus; Joel Bastos, Pedro Araujo; Packt * Perl New Features; Joshua McAdams, brian d foy; Perl School -* Site Reliability Engineering; How Google runs production systems; O'Reilly * Go Brain Teasers - Exercise Your Mind; Miki Tebeka; The Pragmatic Programmers -* Data Science at the Command Line; Jeroen Janssens; O'Reilly -* Programming Ruby 3.3 (5th Edition); Noel Rappin, with Dave Thomas; The Pragmatic Bookshelf -* Effective awk programming; Arnold Robbins; O'Reilly +* Kubernetes Cookbook; Sameer Naik, SΓ©bastien Goasguen, Jonathan Michaux; O'Reilly +* Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI-C; Axel-Tobias Schreiner +* The KCNA (Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate) Book; Nigel Poulton +* The DevOps Handbook; Gene Kim, Jez Humble, Patrick Debois, John Willis; Audible +* Funktionale Programmierung; Peter Pepper; Springer +* Site Reliability Engineering; How Google runs production systems; O'Reilly +* Higher Order Perl; Mark Dominus; Morgan Kaufmann +* Think Raku (aka Think Perl 6); Laurent Rosenfeld, Allen B. Downey; O'Reilly +* Modern Perl; Chromatic ; Onyx Neon Press +* The Kubernetes Book; Nigel Poulton; Unabridged Audiobook +* The Docker Book; James Turnbull; Kindle +* Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!; Miran Lipovaca; No Starch Press * Raku Recipes; J.J. Merelo; Apress +* Tmux 2: Productive Mouse-free Development; Brain P. Hogan; The Pragmatic Programmers +* Clusterbau mit Linux-HA; Michael Schwartzkopff; O'Reilly +* Programming Ruby 3.3 (5th Edition); Noel Rappin, with Dave Thomas; The Pragmatic Bookshelf +* The Pragmatic Programmer; David Thomas; Addison-Wesley +* Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale; David N. Blank-Edelman; eBook +* 97 things every SRE should know; Emil Stolarsky, Jaime Woo; O'Reilly +* The Practise of System and Network Administration; Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christina J. Hogan, Strata R. Chalup; Addison-Wesley Professional Pro Git; Scott Chacon, Ben Straub; Apress * 100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them; Teiva Harsanyi; Manning Publications +* Programming Perl aka "The Camel Book"; Tom Christiansen, brian d foy, Larry Wall & Jon Orwant; O'Reilly +* Terraform Cookbook; Mikael Krief; Packt Publishing * DNS and BIND; Cricket Liu; O'Reilly -* The Docker Book; James Turnbull; Kindle -* Leanring eBPF; Liz Rice; O'Reilly -* Ultimate Go Notebook; Bill Kennedy +* Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms; Andrew S. Tanenbaum; Pearson * Systems Performance Tuning; Gian-Paolo D. Musumeci and others...; O'Reilly -* The Go Programming Language; Alan A. A. Donovan; Addison-Wesley Professional -* The KCNA (Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate) Book; Nigel Poulton +* Raku Fundamentals; Moritz Lenz; Apress +* Effective awk programming; Arnold Robbins; O'Reilly * Developing Games in Java; David Brackeen and others...; New Riders +* C++ Programming Language; Bjarne Stroustrup; * Effective Java; Joshua Bloch; Addison-Wesley Professional -* Clusterbau mit Linux-HA; Michael Schwartzkopff; O'Reilly -* The Practise of System and Network Administration; Thomas A. Limoncelli, Christina J. Hogan, Strata R. Chalup; Addison-Wesley Professional Pro Git; Scott Chacon, Ben Straub; Apress -* Kubernetes Cookbook; Sameer Naik, SΓ©bastien Goasguen, Jonathan Michaux; O'Reilly -* The Pragmatic Programmer; David Thomas; Addison-Wesley -* 97 things every SRE should know; Emil Stolarsky, Jaime Woo; O'Reilly -* Polished Ruby Programming; Jeremy Evans; Packt Publishing +* Pro Puppet; James Turnbull, Jeffrey McCune; Apress +* Hands-on Infrastructure Monitoring with Prometheus; Joel Bastos, Pedro Araujo; Packt +* Amazon Web Services in Action; Michael Wittig and Andreas Wittig; Manning Publications * Systemprogrammierung in Go; Frank MΓΌller; dpunkt +* Leanring eBPF; Liz Rice; O'Reilly +* Concurrency in Go; Katherine Cox-Buday; O'Reilly +* Polished Ruby Programming; Jeremy Evans; Packt Publishing +* Data Science at the Command Line; Jeroen Janssens; O'Reilly +* Ultimate Go Notebook; Bill Kennedy +* 21st Century C: C Tips from the New School; Ben Klemens; O'Reilly +* Java ist auch eine Insel; Christian Ullenboom; ## Technical references I didn't read them from the beginning to the end, but I am using them to look up things. The books are in random order: +* Go: Design Patterns for Real-World Projects; Mat Ryer; Packt * Groovy Kurz & Gut; Joerg Staudemeier; O'Reilly -* Implementing Service Level Objectives; Alex Hidalgo; O'Reilly +* The Linux Programming Interface; Michael Kerrisk; No Starch Press +* Understanding the Linux Kernel; Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati; O'Reilly * Algorithms; Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne; Addison Wesley * Relayd and Httpd Mastery; Michael W Lucas -* Go: Design Patterns for Real-World Projects; Mat Ryer; Packt * BPF Performance Tools - Linux System and Application Observability, Brendan Gregg; Addison Wesley -* The Linux Programming Interface; Michael Kerrisk; No Starch Press -* Understanding the Linux Kernel; Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati; O'Reilly +* Implementing Service Level Objectives; Alex Hidalgo; O'Reilly ## Self-development and soft-skills books In random order: -* The Bullet Journal Method; Ryder Carroll; Fourth Estate -* Coders at Work - Reflections on the craft of programming, Peter Seibel and Mitchell Dorian et al., Audiobook * So Good They Can't Ignore You; Cal Newport; Business Plus -* The Joy of Missing Out; Christina Crook; New Society Publishers -* Deep Work; Cal Newport; Piatkus -* Search Inside Yourself - The Unexpected path to Achieving Success, Happiness (and World Peace); Chade-Meng Tan, Daniel Goleman, Jon Kabat-Zinn; HarperOne +* The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide; John Sonmez; Unabridged Audiobook +* Consciousness: A Very Short Introduction; Susan Blackmore; Oxford Uiversity Press +* Never Split the Difference; Chris Voss, Tahl Raz; Random House Business +* 101 Essays that change the way you think; Brianna Wiest; Audiobook +* Slow Productivity; Cal Newport; Penguin Random House +* Eat That Frog; Brian Tracy +* The Obstacle Is The Way; Ryan Holiday; Profile Books Ltd +* Ultralearning; Anna Laurent; Self-published via Amazon * Staff Engineer: Leadership beyond the management track; Will Larson; Audiobook +* Digital Minimalism; Cal Newport; Portofolio Penguin * The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People; Stephen R. Covey; Simon & Schuster UK -* Buddah and Einstein walk into a Bar; Guy Joseph Ale, Claire Bloom; Blackstone Publishing -* Getting Things Done; David Allen -* The Obstacle Is The Way; Ryan Holiday; Profile Books Ltd -* Solve for Happy; Mo Gawdat (RE-READ 1ST TIME) -* The Software Engineer's Guidebook: Navigating senior, tech lead, and staff engineer positions at tech companies and startups; Gergely Orosz; Audiobook -* Never Split the Difference; Chris Voss, Tahl Raz; Random House Business -* Psycho-Cybernetics; Maxwell Maltz; Perigee Books -* Meditation for Mortals, Oliver Burkeman, Audiobook -* Influence without Authority; A. Cohen, D. Bradford; Wiley -* Atomic Habits; James Clear; Random House Business -* Soft Skills; John Sommez; Manning Publications -* Consciousness: A Very Short Introduction; Susan Blackmore; Oxford Uiversity Press +* The Joy of Missing Out; Christina Crook; New Society Publishers * The Good Enough Job; Simone Stolzoff; Ebury Edge -* Stop starting, start finishing; Arne Roock; Lean-Kanban University -* Ultralearning; Anna Laurent; Self-published via Amazon -* Eat That Frog; Brian Tracy -* The Daily Stoic; Ryan Holiday, Stephen Hanselman; Profile Books +* Soft Skills; John Sommez; Manning Publications +* Coders at Work - Reflections on the craft of programming, Peter Seibel and Mitchell Dorian et al., Audiobook +* The Phoenix Project - A Novel About IT, DevOps, and Helping your Business Win; Gene Kim and Kevin Behr; Trade Select * Ultralearning; Scott Young; Thorsons * Time Management for System Administrators; Thomas A. Limoncelli; O'Reilly -* Slow Productivity; Cal Newport; Penguin Random House -* The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide; John Sonmez; Unabridged Audiobook -* Eat That Frog!; Brian Tracy; Hodder Paperbacks -* The Off Switch; Mark Cropley; Virgin Books (RE-READ 1ST TIME) -* The Courage to Be Disliked; Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koga; Audiobook -* The Phoenix Project - A Novel About IT, DevOps, and Helping your Business Win; Gene Kim and Kevin Behr; Trade Select -* The Power of Now; Eckhard Tolle; Yellow Kite -* Digital Minimalism; Cal Newport; Portofolio Penguin -* 101 Essays that change the way you think; Brianna Wiest; Audiobook +* The Daily Stoic; Ryan Holiday, Stephen Hanselman; Profile Books +* The Software Engineer's Guidebook: Navigating senior, tech lead, and staff engineer positions at tech companies and startups; Gergely Orosz; Audiobook +* Psycho-Cybernetics; Maxwell Maltz; Perigee Books * 97 Things Every Engineering Manager Should Know; Camille Fournier; Audiobook +* Eat That Frog!; Brian Tracy; Hodder Paperbacks +* Buddah and Einstein walk into a Bar; Guy Joseph Ale, Claire Bloom; Blackstone Publishing +* Atomic Habits; James Clear; Random House Business * Who Moved My Cheese?; Dr. Spencer Johnson; Vermilion +* The Power of Now; Eckhard Tolle; Yellow Kite +* The Courage to Be Disliked; Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koga; Audiobook +* Deep Work; Cal Newport; Piatkus +* Influence without Authority; A. Cohen, D. Bradford; Wiley +* Search Inside Yourself - The Unexpected path to Achieving Success, Happiness (and World Peace); Chade-Meng Tan, Daniel Goleman, Jon Kabat-Zinn; HarperOne +* The Off Switch; Mark Cropley; Virgin Books (RE-READ 1ST TIME) +* Solve for Happy; Mo Gawdat (RE-READ 1ST TIME) +* Stop starting, start finishing; Arne Roock; Lean-Kanban University +* Meditation for Mortals, Oliver Burkeman, Audiobook +* The Bullet Journal Method; Ryder Carroll; Fourth Estate +* Getting Things Done; David Allen => ../notes/index.gmi Here are notes of mine for some of the books @@ -147,30 +147,30 @@ In random order: Some of these were in-person with exams; others were online learning lectures only. In random order: -* The Ultimate Kubernetes Bootcamp; School of Devops; O'Reilly Online -* Red Hat Certified System Administrator; Course + certification (Although I had the option, I decided not to take the next course as it is more effective to self learn what I need) -* Protocol buffers; O'Reilly Online +* Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Harold Abelson and more...; +* MySQL Deep Dive Workshop; 2-day on-site training * Scripting Vim; Damian Conway; O'Reilly Online +* Protocol buffers; O'Reilly Online * Cloud Operations on AWS - Learn how to configure, deploy, maintain, and troubleshoot your AWS environments; 3-day online live training with labs; Amazon * Functional programming lecture; Remote University of Hagen -* Linux Security and Isolation APIs Training; Michael Kerrisk; 3-day on-site training * Ultimate Go Programming; Bill Kennedy; O'Reilly Online -* Apache Tomcat Best Practises; 3-day on-site training -* Developing IaC with Terraform (with Live Lessons); O'Reilly Online -* Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs; Harold Abelson and more...; +* Red Hat Certified System Administrator; Course + certification (Although I had the option, I decided not to take the next course as it is more effective to self learn what I need) +* The Ultimate Kubernetes Bootcamp; School of Devops; O'Reilly Online +* The Well-Grounded Rubyist Video Edition; David. A. Black; O'Reilly Online * Algorithms Video Lectures; Robert Sedgewick; O'Reilly Online * AWS Immersion Day; Amazon; 1-day interactive online training -* The Well-Grounded Rubyist Video Edition; David. A. Black; O'Reilly Online * F5 Loadbalancers Training; 2-day on-site training; F5, Inc. -* MySQL Deep Dive Workshop; 2-day on-site training +* Developing IaC with Terraform (with Live Lessons); O'Reilly Online +* Apache Tomcat Best Practises; 3-day on-site training +* Linux Security and Isolation APIs Training; Michael Kerrisk; 3-day on-site training ## Technical guides These are not whole books, but guides (smaller or larger) which I found very useful. in random order: -* How CPUs work at https://cpu.land -* Raku Guide at https://raku.guide * Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide +* Raku Guide at https://raku.guide +* How CPUs work at https://cpu.land ## Podcasts @@ -178,57 +178,57 @@ These are not whole books, but guides (smaller or larger) which I found very use In random order: -* Cup o' Go [Golang] -* Modern Mentor -* The ProdCast (Google SRE Podcast) * Dev Interrupted -* Deep Questions with Cal Newport +* Fork Around And Find Out * BSD Now [BSD] -* The Pragmatic Engineer Podcast -* Wednesday Wisdom * The Changelog Podcast(s) -* Fork Around And Find Out -* Maintainable * Pratical AI +* The ProdCast (Google SRE Podcast) +* Backend Banter +* Wednesday Wisdom +* Deep Questions with Cal Newport +* Cup o' Go [Golang] +* Modern Mentor +* Maintainable +* The Pragmatic Engineer Podcast * Hidden Brain * Fallthrough [Golang] -* Backend Banter ### Podcasts I liked I liked them but am not listening to them anymore. The podcasts have either "finished" (no more episodes) or I stopped listening to them due to time constraints or a shift in my interests. -* Modern Mentor -* Ship It (predecessor of Fork Around And Find Out) -* FLOSS weekly -* Java Pub House * Go Time (predecessor of fallthrough) +* Java Pub House +* FLOSS weekly * CRE: Chaosradio Express [german] +* Ship It (predecessor of Fork Around And Find Out) +* Modern Mentor ## Newsletters I like This is a mix of tech and non-tech newsletters I am subscribed to. In random order: -* Applied Go Weekly Newsletter -* The Pragmatic Engineer -* The Valuable Dev -* Monospace Mentor * Register Spill -* Golang Weekly -* The Imperfectionist * Changelog News -* VK Newsletter -* Andreas Brandhorst Newsletter (Sci-Fi author) +* The Imperfectionist +* The Valuable Dev +* Golang Weekly +* The Pragmatic Engineer * Ruby Weekly +* Applied Go Weekly Newsletter * byteSizeGo +* Andreas Brandhorst Newsletter (Sci-Fi author) +* VK Newsletter +* Monospace Mentor ## Magazines I like(d) This is a mix of tech I like(d). I may not be a current subscriber, but now and then, I buy an issue. In random order: * LWN (online only) -* Linux Magazine * freeX (not published anymore) +* Linux Magazine * Linux User ## YouTube channels diff --git a/about/showcase.gmi.tpl b/about/showcase.gmi.tpl index b71aec63..1202db90 100644 --- a/about/showcase.gmi.tpl +++ b/about/showcase.gmi.tpl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Project Showcase -Generated on: 2026-03-12 +Generated on: 2026-03-20 This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project does, its technical implementation, and key metrics. Each project summary includes information about the programming languages used, development activity, releases, and licensing. The projects are ranked by score, which combines recent activity, project size, tag history, and whether the project has shipped a release. @@ -9,25 +9,92 @@ This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project ## Overall Statistics * π¦ Total Projects: 64 -* π Total Commits: 13,595 -* π Total Lines of Code: 334,197 -* π Total Lines of Documentation: 46,922 -* π» Languages: Go (53.7%), Java (12.3%), C (5.8%), CSS (5.3%), YAML (4.7%), Perl (4.3%), HTML (2.9%), Shell (2.6%), Python (2.1%), C/C++ (1.3%), JSON (1.1%), Config (1.0%), Ruby (0.9%), HCL (0.8%), Make (0.4%), XML (0.2%), Haskell (0.2%), JavaScript (0.1%), Raku (0.1%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (74.1%), Text (24.7%), LaTeX (1.2%) +* π Total Commits: 13,197 +* π Total Lines of Code: 346,257 +* π Total Lines of Documentation: 266,068 +* π» Languages: Go (57.9%), Java (16.5%), C (5.6%), YAML (4.6%), Perl (4.1%), Shell (2.9%), HTML (1.4%), Ruby (1.3%), C/C++ (1.2%), Config (0.9%), HCL (0.8%), Python (0.6%), CSS (0.5%), JSON (0.5%), Make (0.4%), XML (0.2%), Haskell (0.2%), JavaScript (0.2%), TOML (0.1%) +* π Documentation: Text (84.0%), Markdown (14.7%), LaTeX (1.3%) * π Release Status: 42 released, 22 experimental (65.6% with releases, 34.4% experimental) ## Projects -### 1. ior 1β1 +### 1. hexai 1β3β2 + +* π» Languages: Go (100.0%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* π Commits: 423 +* π Lines of Code: 36886 +* π Lines of Documentation: 4131 +* π·οΈ Tags: 60 +* π
Development Period: 2025-08-01 to 2026-03-19 +* π Score: 147.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: No license found +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.25.0 (2026-03-19) + + +=> showcase/hexai/image-1.png hexai screenshot + +Hexai, the AI addition for your Helix Editor (https://helix-editor.com) .. Other editors should work but weren't tested. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/hexai View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/hexai View on GitHub + +--- + +### 2. dtail 2β21β20 + +* π» Languages: Go (93.1%), Shell (3.1%), JSON (1.6%), C (1.1%), Make (0.7%), C/C++ (0.2%) +* π Documentation: Text (98.2%), Markdown (1.8%) +* π Commits: 629 +* π Lines of Code: 36191 +* π Lines of Documentation: 220453 +* π·οΈ Tags: 27 +* π
Development Period: 2020-01-09 to 2026-03-13 +* π Score: 55.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: Apache-2.0 +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v4.3.3 (2024-08-23) + + +=> showcase/dtail/image-1.png dtail screenshot + +DTail (a distributed tail program) is a DevOps tool for engineers programmed in Google Go for following (tailing), catting and grepping (including gzip and zstd decompression support) log files on many machines concurrently. An advanced feature of DTail is to execute distributed MapReduce aggregations across many devices. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/dtail View on GitHub + +--- + +### 3. dotfiles 3β4β3 + +* π» Languages: Shell (66.0%), CSS (10.6%), Config (9.9%), TOML (9.8%), JSON (2.5%), Ruby (1.0%), INI (0.2%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* π Commits: 864 +* π Lines of Code: 3072 +* π Lines of Documentation: 7571 +* π·οΈ Tags: 0 +* π
Development Period: 2023-07-30 to 2026-03-19 +* π Score: 37.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: No license found +* π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) + + +These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workstation as well as remotely on any server. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dotfiles View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/dotfiles View on GitHub + +--- + +### 4. ior 4β1β1 * π» Languages: Go (88.9%), C (10.6%), JSON (0.3%), C/C++ (0.2%) * π Documentation: Markdown (85.8%), Text (14.2%) -* π Commits: 732 -* π Lines of Code: 55808 -* π Lines of Documentation: 3394 +* π Commits: 733 +* π Lines of Code: 55967 +* π Lines of Documentation: 3397 * π·οΈ Tags: 0 -* π
Development Period: 2024-01-18 to 2026-03-11 -* π Score: 111.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π
Development Period: 2024-01-18 to 2026-03-12 +* π Score: 36.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -41,7 +108,7 @@ This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project --- -### 2. timesamurai 2 +### 5. timesamurai 5β2 * π» Languages: Go (99.2%), Shell (0.6%), YAML (0.1%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -50,7 +117,7 @@ This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project * π Lines of Documentation: 112 * π·οΈ Tags: 4 * π
Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 59.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 33.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: MIT * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.7.0 (2026-03-05) @@ -62,51 +129,7 @@ This page showcases my side projects, providing an overview of what each project --- -### 3. hexai 3β2 - -* π» Languages: Go (100.0%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 377 -* π Lines of Code: 31218 -* π Lines of Documentation: 4089 -* π·οΈ Tags: 50 -* π
Development Period: 2025-08-01 to 2026-03-10 -* π Score: 50.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: No license found -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.21.0 (2026-02-12) - - -=> showcase/hexai/image-1.png hexai screenshot - -Hexai, the AI addition for your Helix Editor (https://helix-editor.com) .. Other editors should work but weren't tested. - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/hexai View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/hexai View on GitHub - ---- - -### 4. dotfiles 4β3 - -* π» Languages: Shell (66.6%), CSS (10.9%), Config (10.1%), TOML (10.0%), JSON (1.1%), Ruby (1.0%), INI (0.2%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 845 -* π Lines of Code: 2990 -* π Lines of Documentation: 5386 -* π·οΈ Tags: 0 -* π
Development Period: 2023-07-30 to 2026-03-10 -* π Score: 35.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: No license found -* π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) - - -These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workstation as well as remotely on any server. - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dotfiles View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/dotfiles View on GitHub - ---- - -### 5. loadbars 5β47 +### 6. loadbars 6β5β47 * π» Languages: Go (92.8%), Shell (7.2%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -115,7 +138,7 @@ These are all my dotfiles. I can install them locally on my laptop and/or workst * π Lines of Documentation: 328 * π·οΈ Tags: 47 * π
Development Period: 2010-11-05 to 2026-03-02 -* π Score: 25.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 19.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: Custom License * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.11.1 (2026-02-17) @@ -129,7 +152,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 6. foostore 6β7 +### 7. foostore 7β6β7 * π» Languages: Go (98.4%), Shell (1.6%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -138,7 +161,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve * π Lines of Documentation: 250 * π·οΈ Tags: 9 * π
Development Period: 2018-05-26 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 17.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 14.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.5.3 (2026-03-02) @@ -150,7 +173,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 7. epimetheus 7β4 +### 8. epimetheus 8β7β4 * π» Languages: Go (85.2%), Shell (14.8%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -159,7 +182,7 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve * π Lines of Documentation: 1736 * π·οΈ Tags: 0 * π
Development Period: 2026-02-07 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 14.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 11.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -173,16 +196,16 @@ Loadbars is a tool that can be used to observe CPU loads of several remote serve --- -### 8. conf 8β5 +### 9. conf 9β8β5 -* π» Languages: YAML (80.7%), Perl (9.9%), Shell (6.0%), Python (2.3%), Docker (0.7%), Config (0.2%), HTML (0.1%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (97.1%), Text (2.9%) -* π Commits: 791 -* π Lines of Code: 19132 -* π Lines of Documentation: 6572 +* π» Languages: YAML (75.7%), Perl (9.3%), Ruby (6.6%), Shell (4.9%), Python (2.1%), Docker (0.6%), TOML (0.3%), Config (0.2%), HTML (0.1%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (97.0%), Text (3.0%) +* π Commits: 794 +* π Lines of Code: 20394 +* π Lines of Documentation: 6315 * π·οΈ Tags: 0 -* π
Development Period: 2021-12-28 to 2026-02-15 -* π Score: 11.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π
Development Period: 2021-12-28 to 2026-03-15 +* π Score: 10.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -194,16 +217,16 @@ This is my personal config repository. Including... --- -### 9. scifi 9β8 +### 10. scifi 10β9β8 -* π» Languages: JSON (35.9%), CSS (30.6%), JavaScript (29.6%), HTML (3.8%) +* π» Languages: JSON (36.6%), JavaScript (30.2%), CSS (29.6%), HTML (3.7%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 23 -* π Lines of Code: 1664 -* π Lines of Documentation: 853 +* π Commits: 27 +* π Lines of Code: 1724 +* π Lines of Documentation: 874 * π·οΈ Tags: 0 -* π
Development Period: 2026-01-25 to 2026-01-27 -* π Score: 7.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π
Development Period: 2026-01-25 to 2026-03-13 +* π Score: 7.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) @@ -215,18 +238,18 @@ A static HTML page showcasing a science fiction book collection. Works fully off --- -### 10. gitsyncer 10β15 +### 11. gitsyncer 11β10β15 -* π» Languages: Go (93.4%), Shell (6.3%), JSON (0.3%) +* π» Languages: Go (93.4%), Shell (6.2%), JSON (0.3%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 132 -* π Lines of Code: 11821 +* π Commits: 134 +* π Lines of Code: 11960 * π Lines of Documentation: 2456 -* π·οΈ Tags: 34 -* π
Development Period: 2025-06-23 to 2026-03-11 -* π Score: 5.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π·οΈ Tags: 35 +* π
Development Period: 2025-06-23 to 2026-03-12 +* π Score: 5.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: BSD-2-Clause -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.15.4 (2026-03-11) +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.15.5 (2026-03-12) GitSyncer is a tool for synchronizing git repositories between multiple organizations (e.g., GitHub and Codeberg). It automatically keeps all branches in sync across different git hosting platforms. @@ -236,37 +259,16 @@ GitSyncer is a tool for synchronizing git repositories between multiple organiza --- -### 11. log4jbench 11β9 - -* π» Languages: Java (78.9%), XML (21.1%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 4 -* π Lines of Code: 774 -* π Lines of Documentation: 119 -* π·οΈ Tags: 0 -* π
Development Period: 2026-01-09 to 2026-01-09 -* π Score: 5.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: MIT -* π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) - - -A minimal Java tool to benchmark Log4j2 logging throughput with configurable concurrent threads and various logging configurations. - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/log4jbench View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/log4jbench View on GitHub - ---- - -### 12. rcm 12β10 +### 12. rcm 12β12β10 * π» Languages: Ruby (99.6%), TOML (0.4%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 109 +* π Commits: 113 * π Lines of Code: 1719 * π Lines of Documentation: 778 * π·οΈ Tags: 3 * π
Development Period: 2024-12-05 to 2026-03-02 -* π Score: 5.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 4.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: Custom License * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.1.1 (2026-03-01) @@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, --- -### 13. yoga 13β12 +### 13. yoga 13β13β12 * π» Languages: Go (69.1%), HTML (30.9%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, * π Lines of Documentation: 196 * π·οΈ Tags: 9 * π
Development Period: 2025-10-01 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 4.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 4.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.4.0 (2026-01-28) @@ -303,30 +305,28 @@ A KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) configuration management system written in Ruby, --- -### 14. gogios 14β11 - -* π» Languages: Go (98.9%), JSON (0.6%), YAML (0.5%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (94.9%), Text (5.1%) -* π Commits: 109 -* π Lines of Code: 3875 -* π Lines of Documentation: 394 -* π·οΈ Tags: 10 -* π
Development Period: 2023-04-17 to 2026-02-16 -* π Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: Custom License -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.4.1 (2026-02-16) +### 14. log4jbench 14β11β9 +* π» Languages: Java (78.9%), XML (21.1%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) +* π Commits: 4 +* π Lines of Code: 774 +* π Lines of Documentation: 119 +* π·οΈ Tags: 0 +* π
Development Period: 2026-01-09 to 2026-01-09 +* π Score: 4.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: MIT +* π§ͺ Status: Experimental (no releases yet) -=> showcase/gogios/image-1.png gogios screenshot -Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large-scale monitoring. It is ideal for monitoring self-hosted servers on a tiny scale, such as only a handful of servers or virtual machines (e.g. my personal infrastructure). If you have limited resources to monitor and require a simple yet effective solution, Gogios is an excellent choice. However, for larger environments with more complex monitoring requirements, it might be necessary to consider other monitoring solutions better suited for managing and scaling with increased monitoring demands. +A minimal Java tool to benchmark Log4j2 logging throughput with configurable concurrent threads and various logging configurations. -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gogios View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/gogios View on GitHub +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/log4jbench View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/log4jbench View on GitHub --- -### 15. totalrecall 15β14 +### 15. totalrecall 15β15β14 * π» Languages: Go (99.0%), Shell (0.5%), YAML (0.4%) * π Documentation: Markdown (99.5%), Text (0.5%) @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large- * π Lines of Documentation: 377 * π·οΈ Tags: 18 * π
Development Period: 2025-07-14 to 2026-03-08 -* π Score: 4.7 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 4.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: MIT * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.8.3 (2026-03-08) @@ -349,7 +349,30 @@ Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large- --- -### 16. perc 16β13 +### 16. gogios 16β14β11 + +* π» Languages: Go (98.9%), JSON (0.6%), YAML (0.5%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (94.9%), Text (5.1%) +* π Commits: 109 +* π Lines of Code: 3875 +* π Lines of Documentation: 394 +* π·οΈ Tags: 10 +* π
Development Period: 2023-04-17 to 2026-02-16 +* π Score: 4.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: Custom License +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.4.1 (2026-02-16) + + +=> showcase/gogios/image-1.png gogios screenshot + +Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large-scale monitoring. It is ideal for monitoring self-hosted servers on a tiny scale, such as only a handful of servers or virtual machines (e.g. my personal infrastructure). If you have limited resources to monitor and require a simple yet effective solution, Gogios is an excellent choice. However, for larger environments with more complex monitoring requirements, it might be necessary to consider other monitoring solutions better suited for managing and scaling with increased monitoring demands. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gogios View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gogios View on GitHub + +--- + +### 17. perc 17β16β13 * π» Languages: Go (100.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -358,7 +381,7 @@ Gogios is a lightweight and minimalistic monitoring tool not designed for large- * π Lines of Documentation: 80 * π·οΈ Tags: 3 * π
Development Period: 2025-11-25 to 2025-11-25 -* π Score: 4.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 4.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: No license found * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.1.0 (2025-11-25) @@ -370,7 +393,7 @@ A simple vibe-coded command-line percentage calculator written in Go. --- -### 17. tasksamurai 17β16 +### 18. tasksamurai 18β17β16 * π» Languages: Go (99.8%), YAML (0.2%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -379,7 +402,7 @@ A simple vibe-coded command-line percentage calculator written in Go. * π Lines of Documentation: 251 * π·οΈ Tags: 10 * π
Development Period: 2025-06-19 to 2026-03-05 -* π Score: 3.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 3.6 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: BSD-2-Clause * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.11.4 (2026-03-05) @@ -393,18 +416,18 @@ Task Samurai invokes the `task` command to read and modify tasks. The tasks are --- -### 18. gos 18β18 +### 19. gos 19β18β18 -* π» Languages: Go (99.5%), Shell (0.2%), JSON (0.2%) +* π» Languages: Go (99.5%), JSON (0.2%), Shell (0.2%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 402 -* π Lines of Code: 4143 +* π Commits: 405 +* π Lines of Code: 4378 * π Lines of Documentation: 477 -* π·οΈ Tags: 13 -* π
Development Period: 2024-05-04 to 2026-02-28 -* π Score: 2.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π·οΈ Tags: 15 +* π
Development Period: 2024-05-04 to 2026-03-13 +* π Score: 2.8 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: Custom License -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.2.4 (2026-02-17) +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.2.6 (2026-03-13) => showcase/gos/image-1.png gos screenshot @@ -416,7 +439,7 @@ Gos is a Go-based replacement for Buffer.com, providing the ability to schedule --- -### 19. foostats 19β17 +### 20. foostats 20β19β17 * π» Languages: Perl (100.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (54.6%), Text (45.4%) @@ -437,7 +460,7 @@ A privacy-respecting web analytics tool for OpenBSD that processes HTTP/HTTPS an --- -### 20. timr 20β19 +### 21. timr 21β20β19 * π» Languages: Go (96.0%), Shell (4.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -446,7 +469,7 @@ A privacy-respecting web analytics tool for OpenBSD that processes HTTP/HTTPS an * π Lines of Documentation: 99 * π·οΈ Tags: 5 * π
Development Period: 2025-06-25 to 2026-01-02 -* π Score: 2.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* π Score: 2.3 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: MIT * π·οΈ Latest Release: v0.3.0 (2026-01-02) @@ -458,38 +481,36 @@ A simple command-line tool to track time spent on tasks. It has been primarily c --- -### 21. dtail 21β20 - -* π» Languages: Go (93.9%), JSON (2.8%), C (2.0%), Make (0.5%), C/C++ (0.3%), Config (0.2%), Shell (0.2%), Docker (0.1%) -* π Documentation: Text (79.4%), Markdown (20.6%) -* π Commits: 1104 -* π Lines of Code: 20091 -* π Lines of Documentation: 5674 -* π·οΈ Tags: 27 -* π
Development Period: 2020-01-09 to 2025-06-20 -* π Score: 2.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: Apache-2.0 -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v4.3.3 (2024-08-23) +### 22. gemtexter 22β23β22 +* π» Languages: Shell (70.8%), CSS (26.2%), Config (1.8%), HTML (1.2%) +* π Documentation: Text (76.1%), Markdown (23.9%) +* π Commits: 477 +* π Lines of Code: 2491 +* π Lines of Documentation: 1180 +* π·οΈ Tags: 6 +* π
Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2026-03-12 +* π Score: 2.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: GPL-3.0 +* π·οΈ Latest Release: 3.0.0 (2024-10-01) -=> showcase/dtail/image-1.png dtail screenshot -DTail (a distributed tail program) is a DevOps tool for engineers programmed in Google Go for following (tailing), catting and grepping (including gzip and zstd decompression support) log files on many machines concurrently. An advanced feature of DTail is to execute distributed MapReduce aggregations across many devices. +This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All content is written in Gemini Gemtext format, but the script `gemtexter` generates multiple other static output formats (with zero JavaScript) from it. You can reach the site(s)... -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/dtail View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/dtail View on GitHub +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/gemtexter View on GitHub --- -### 22. wireguardmeshgenerator 22β23 +### 23. wireguardmeshgenerator 23β22β23 -* π» Languages: Ruby (65.4%), YAML (34.6%) +* π» Languages: Ruby (63.5%), YAML (36.5%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 36 -* π Lines of Code: 563 +* π Commits: 37 +* π Lines of Code: 583 * π Lines of Documentation: 24 * π·οΈ Tags: 1 -* π
Development Period: 2025-04-18 to 2026-01-20 +* π
Development Period: 2025-04-18 to 2026-03-18 * π Score: 1.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) * βοΈ License: Custom License * π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2025-05-11) @@ -502,28 +523,7 @@ Have a look at the `wireguardmeshgenerator.yaml` --- -### 23. gemtexter 23β22 - -* π» Languages: CSS (55.3%), Python (16.1%), HTML (15.3%), JSON (6.6%), Shell (5.3%), Config (1.5%) -* π Documentation: Text (70.2%), Markdown (29.8%) -* π Commits: 480 -* π Lines of Code: 30319 -* π Lines of Documentation: 1280 -* π·οΈ Tags: 6 -* π
Development Period: 2021-05-21 to 2025-06-22 -* π Score: 1.4 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: GPL-3.0 -* π·οΈ Latest Release: 3.0.0 (2024-10-01) - - -This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All content is written in Gemini Gemtext format, but the script `gemtexter` generates multiple other static output formats (with zero JavaScript) from it. You can reach the site(s)... - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/gemtexter View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/gemtexter View on GitHub - ---- - -### 24. goprecords 24β24 +### 24. goprecords 24β24β24 * π» Languages: Go (100.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ This is the source code of my personal internet site and blog engine. All conten --- -### 25. ds-sim 25β21 +### 25. ds-sim 25β25β21 * π» Languages: Java (98.9%), Shell (0.6%), CSS (0.5%) * π Documentation: Markdown (98.7%), Text (1.3%) @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ DS-Sim is a open-source simulator for distributed systems, written in Java. It p --- -### 26. quicklogger 26β25 +### 26. quicklogger 26β26β25 * π» Languages: Go (96.4%), XML (1.8%), Shell (1.1%), TOML (0.7%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ This is a tiny GUI app written in Go using the Fyne framework to quickly log a m --- -### 27. sillybench 27β27 +### 27. sillybench 27β27β27 * π» Languages: Go (90.9%), Shell (9.1%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ To compare how fast this runs on FreeBSD vs a Linux Bhyve VM --- -### 28. terraform 28β26 +### 28. terraform 28β28β26 * π» Languages: HCL (96.6%), Make (1.9%), YAML (1.5%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -632,28 +632,7 @@ Go to AWS Secrets manager manually and create it! --- -### 29. guprecords 29β29 - -* π» Languages: Raku (100.0%) -* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 97 -* π Lines of Code: 383 -* π Lines of Documentation: 425 -* π·οΈ Tags: 1 -* π
Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 0.5 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: No license found -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2023-04-29) - - -guprecords: source code repository. - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/guprecords View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/guprecords View on GitHub - ---- - -### 30. geheim 30β30 +### 29. geheim 29β30β30 * π» Languages: Ruby (86.7%), Shell (13.3%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -674,7 +653,7 @@ guprecords: source code repository. --- -### 31. gorum 31β28 +### 30. gorum 30β31β28 * π» Languages: Go (91.3%), JSON (6.4%), YAML (2.3%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -695,7 +674,7 @@ Gogios is a minimalistic quorum manager. --- -### 32. docker-radicale-server 32β31 +### 31. docker-radicale-server 31β32β31 * π» Languages: Make (57.5%), Docker (42.5%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -716,7 +695,7 @@ For the Radicale server https://radicale.org --- -### 33. photoalbum 33β34 +### 32. photoalbum 32β33β34 * π» Languages: Shell (80.1%), Make (12.3%), Config (7.6%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -739,7 +718,7 @@ The resulting static photo album is pure HTML+CSS (without any JavaScript!). --- -### 34. randomjournalpage 34β33 +### 33. randomjournalpage 33β34β33 * π» Languages: Shell (94.1%), Make (5.9%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -761,7 +740,7 @@ This is a quick and dirty script which I use personally to grab a random PDF fil --- -### 35. ioriot 35β35 +### 34. ioriot 34β35β35 * π» Languages: C (55.5%), C/C++ (24.0%), Config (19.6%), Make (1.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -785,7 +764,7 @@ This is a quick and dirty script which I use personally to grab a random PDF fil --- -### 36. algorithms 36β32 +### 35. algorithms 35β36β32 * π» Languages: Go (99.2%), Make (0.8%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -807,7 +786,7 @@ This includes exercises from the Algorithms lecture. Well, this is just a refres --- -### 37. ipv6test 37β36 +### 36. ipv6test 36β37β36 * π» Languages: Perl (65.8%), Docker (34.2%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -828,7 +807,7 @@ This is a quick and dirty Perl-based IPv6 test website. --- -### 38. staticfarm-apache-handlers 38β40 +### 37. staticfarm-apache-handlers 37β38β40 * π» Languages: Perl (96.4%), Make (3.6%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -851,7 +830,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 39. sway-autorotate 39β38 +### 38. sway-autorotate 38β39β38 * π» Languages: Shell (100.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -872,7 +851,27 @@ This is a fork of https://github.com/tedk0n/autorotate_sway_script --- -### 40. mon 40β39 +### 39. guprecords 39β29β29 + +* π» Languages: Raku (100.0%) +* π Commits: 97 +* π Lines of Code: 195 +* π·οΈ Tags: 1 +* π
Development Period: 2013-03-22 to 2023-03-09 +* π Score: 0.2 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: No license found +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.0.0 (2023-04-29) + +β οΈ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +guprecords: source code repository. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/guprecords View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/guprecords View on GitHub + +--- + +### 40. mon 40β40β39 * π» Languages: Perl (96.5%), Shell (1.8%), Make (1.2%), Config (0.4%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -895,7 +894,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 41. fapi 41β44 +### 41. fapi 41β41β44 * π» Languages: Python (96.6%), Make (3.1%), Config (0.3%) * π Documentation: Text (98.3%), Markdown (1.7%) @@ -918,7 +917,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 42. pingdomfetch 42β41 +### 42. pingdomfetch 42β42β41 * π» Languages: Perl (97.3%), Make (2.7%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -941,7 +940,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 43. fype 43β37 +### 43. fype 43β43β37 * π» Languages: C (77.3%), C/C++ (13.1%), HTML (7.5%), Make (2.1%) * π Documentation: Text (65.8%), LaTeX (20.5%), Markdown (13.7%) @@ -962,7 +961,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 44. pwgrep 44β50 +### 44. pwgrep 44β44β50 * π» Languages: Shell (85.0%), Make (15.0%) * π Documentation: Text (75.0%), Markdown (25.0%) @@ -983,7 +982,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 45. xerl 45β42 +### 45. xerl 45β45β42 * π» Languages: Perl (98.3%), Config (1.2%), Make (0.5%) * π Commits: 671 @@ -1002,10 +1001,10 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 46. awksite 46β61 +### 46. awksite 46β46β61 * π» Languages: AWK (72.1%), HTML (16.4%), Config (11.5%) -* π Documentation: Text (50.0%), Markdown (50.0%) +* π Documentation: Markdown (50.0%), Text (50.0%) * π Commits: 4 * π Lines of Code: 122 * π Lines of Documentation: 12 @@ -1023,7 +1022,7 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 47. gotop 47β48 +### 47. gotop 47β47β48 * π» Languages: Go (98.0%), Make (2.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (60.0%), Text (40.0%) @@ -1044,7 +1043,7 @@ Those are the host templates to be used with Xerl itself. --- -### 48. japi 48β53 +### 48. japi 48β48β53 * π» Languages: Perl (78.3%), Make (21.7%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1067,27 +1066,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 49. perldaemon 49β51 - -* π» Languages: Perl (72.7%), Shell (23.9%), Config (3.4%) -* π Commits: 111 -* π Lines of Code: 611 -* π·οΈ Tags: 6 -* π
Development Period: 2011-02-05 to 2026-03-07 -* π Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: Custom License -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.4 (2022-04-29) - - -PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other UNIX a like operating system -programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... - -=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon View on Codeberg -=> https://github.com/snonux/perldaemon View on GitHub - ---- - -### 50. rubyfy 50β49 +### 49. rubyfy 49β50β49 * π» Languages: Ruby (98.5%), JSON (1.5%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1108,7 +1087,7 @@ programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... --- -### 51. perl-c-fibonacci 51β45 +### 50. perl-c-fibonacci 50β51β45 * π» Languages: C (80.4%), Make (19.6%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1130,7 +1109,7 @@ perl-c-fibonacci: source code repository. --- -### 52. netdiff 52β56 +### 51. netdiff 51β52β56 * π» Languages: Shell (52.2%), Make (46.3%), Config (1.5%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1153,7 +1132,28 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 53. jsmstrade 53β52 +### 52. perldaemon 52β49β51 + +* π» Languages: Perl (74.2%), Shell (22.2%), Config (3.6%) +* π Commits: 111 +* π Lines of Code: 659 +* π·οΈ Tags: 6 +* π
Development Period: 2011-02-05 to 2022-04-21 +* π Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: Custom License +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.4 (2022-04-29) + +β οΈ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. + +PerlDaemon is a minimal daemon for Linux and other UNIX a like operating system +programmed in Perl. It can be extended to fit any task... + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/perldaemon View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/perldaemon View on GitHub + +--- + +### 53. jsmstrade 53β53β52 * π» Languages: Java (76.0%), Shell (15.4%), XML (8.6%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 54. muttdelay 54β55 +### 54. muttdelay 54β54β55 * π» Languages: Make (47.1%), Shell (46.3%), Vim Script (5.9%), Config (0.7%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 55. netcalendar 55β46 +### 55. netcalendar 55β55β46 * π» Languages: Java (83.0%), HTML (12.9%), XML (3.0%), CSS (0.8%), Make (0.2%) * π Documentation: Text (89.5%), Markdown (10.5%) @@ -1222,7 +1222,30 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 56. cpuinfo 56β59 +### 56. vs-sim 56β63β63 + +* π» Languages: Java (98.8%), Shell (0.7%), XML (0.4%) +* π Documentation: LaTeX (98.3%), Text (1.4%), Markdown (0.3%) +* π Commits: 409 +* π Lines of Code: 16303 +* π Lines of Documentation: 2905 +* π·οΈ Tags: 4 +* π
Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2026-03-07 +* π Score: 0.1 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) +* βοΈ License: Custom License +* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.0 (2008-08-24) + + +=> showcase/vs-sim/image-1.jpg vs-sim screenshot + +VS-Sim is an open source simulator programmed in Java for distributed systems. VS-Sim stands for "Verteilte Systeme Simulator" which is the german translation for "Distributed Sytstems Simulator". + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/vs-sim View on Codeberg +=> https://github.com/snonux/vs-sim View on GitHub + +--- + +### 57. cpuinfo 57β56β59 * π» Languages: Shell (53.2%), Make (46.8%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1244,7 +1267,7 @@ cpuinfo - A small and humble tool to print out CPU data --- -### 57. template 57β60 +### 58. template 58β57β60 * π» Languages: Make (89.2%), Shell (10.8%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1267,7 +1290,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 58. dyndns 58β62 +### 59. dyndns 59β58β62 * π» Languages: Shell (100.0%) * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) @@ -1290,7 +1313,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 59. debroid 59β57 +### 60. debroid 60β59β57 * π» Languages: Shell (92.0%), Make (8.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1313,7 +1336,7 @@ DEPRECATED --- -### 60. perl-poetry 60β54 +### 61. perl-poetry 61β60β54 * π» Languages: Perl (100.0%) * π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) @@ -1335,7 +1358,7 @@ Here you find some Poetry written in Perl. --- -### 61. hsbot 61β58 +### 62. hsbot 62β61β58 * π» Languages: Haskell (98.5%), Make (1.5%) * π Commits: 81 @@ -1355,7 +1378,7 @@ feature additions will be made. Use at your own risk. --- -### 62. ychat 62β43 +### 63. ychat 63β62β43 * π Documentation: Text (100.0%) * π Commits: 67 @@ -1376,28 +1399,7 @@ ychat: source code repository. --- -### 63. vs-sim 63β63 - -* π Documentation: Markdown (100.0%) -* π Commits: 412 -* π Lines of Code: 0 -* π Lines of Documentation: 7 -* π·οΈ Tags: 4 -* π
Development Period: 2008-05-15 to 2015-05-23 -* π Score: 0.0 (combines recent activity, code size, tags, and release status) -* βοΈ License: No license found -* π·οΈ Latest Release: v1.0 (2008-08-24) - -β οΈ **Notice**: This project appears to be finished, obsolete, or no longer maintained. Last meaningful activity was over 2 years ago. Use at your own risk. - -VS-Sim is an open source simulator programmed in Java for distributed systems. 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crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/46752-46c707717fcbe6a9.js" defer="defer"></script> -<script crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/93308-c21d6ff736807846.js" defer="defer"></script> -<script crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/sessions-e5a020fb258986c3.js" defer="defer"></script> +<script crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/46752-06df1a7bce5e9ba9.js" defer="defer"></script> +<script crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/93308-59bc73bd78f63174.js" defer="defer"></script> +<script crossorigin="anonymous" type="application/javascript" src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/sessions-a663cbddb3957792.js" defer="defer"></script> <style> /* Override primer focus outline color for marketing header dropdown links for better contrast */ @@ -312,14 +323,14 @@ </a> <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings"> <react-partial-anchor> - <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-4590ff08-b106-405f-a010-79edd4a87cba" aria-labelledby="tooltip-7539da9d-7227-4681-99e3-44b606ddc1e6" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> + <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-e73de788-a39e-47bd-b818-7d902ba6e8ab" aria-labelledby="tooltip-699d8e9e-5e6c-4ab5-9328-3f44f1b97ea1" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path> </svg> -</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-7539da9d-7227-4681-99e3-44b606ddc1e6" for="icon-button-4590ff08-b106-405f-a010-79edd4a87cba" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> +</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-699d8e9e-5e6c-4ab5-9328-3f44f1b97ea1" for="icon-button-e73de788-a39e-47bd-b818-7d902ba6e8ab" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.437ba0a52997e5dd.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.6dd722c034c861a4.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.36be0d8866eb1b54.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="appearance-settings" @@ -343,8 +354,8 @@ <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/marketing-navigation.081eee98a5812e77.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.6dd722c034c861a4.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/marketing-navigation.d11e438e7c4246d8.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="marketing-navigation" @@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ > <script type="application/json" data-target="react-partial.embeddedData">{"props":{"should_use_dotcom_links":true}}</script> - <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"><nav class="MarketingNavigation-module__nav__W0KYY" aria-label="Global"><ul class="MarketingNavigation-module__list__tFbMb"><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Platform<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">AI CODE CREATION</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/features/copilot" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_copilot","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_copilot_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copilot NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Copilot</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Write better code with AI</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/spark" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_spark","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_spark_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-sparkle-fill NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M11.296 1.924c.24-.656 1.168-.656 1.408 0l.717 1.958a11.25 11.25 0 0 0 6.697 6.697l1.958.717c.657.24.657 1.168 0 1.408l-1.958.717a11.25 11.25 0 0 0-6.697 6.697l-.717 1.958c-.24.657-1.168.657-1.408 0l-.717-1.958a11.25 11.25 0 0 0-6.697-6.697l-1.958-.717c-.656-.24-.656-1.168 0-1.408l1.958-.717a11.25 11.25 0 0 0 6.697-6.697l.717-1.958Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Spark</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Build and deploy intelligent apps</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/models" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_models","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_models_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-ai-model NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M19.375 8.5a3.25 3.25 0 1 1-3.163 4h-3a3.252 3.252 0 0 1-4.443 2.509L7.214 17.76a3.25 3.25 0 1 1-1.342-.674l1.672-2.957A3.238 3.238 0 0 1 6.75 12c0-.907.371-1.727.97-2.316L6.117 6.846A3.253 3.253 0 0 1 1.875 3.75a3.25 3.25 0 1 1 5.526 2.32l1.603 2.836A3.25 3.25 0 0 1 13.093 11h3.119a3.252 3.252 0 0 1 3.163-2.5ZM10 10.25a1.75 1.75 0 1 0-.001 3.499A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 10 10.25ZM5.125 2a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 0 3.5 1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0-3.5Zm12.5 9.75a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 3.5 0 1.75 1.75 0 0 0-3.5 0Zm-14.25 8.5a1.75 1.75 0 1 0 3.501-.001 1.75 1.75 0 0 0-3.501.001Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Models</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage and compare prompts</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/mcp" data-analytics-event="{"action":"mcp_registry","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"mcp_registry_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-mcp NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M9.795 1.694a4.287 4.287 0 0 1 6.061 0 4.28 4.28 0 0 1 1.181 3.819 4.282 4.282 0 0 1 3.819 1.181 4.287 4.287 0 0 1 0 6.061l-6.793 6.793a.249.249 0 0 0 0 .353l2.617 2.618a.75.75 0 1 1-1.061 1.061l-2.617-2.618a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0-2.475l6.793-6.793a2.785 2.785 0 1 0-3.939-3.939l-5.9 5.9a.734.734 0 0 1-.249.165.749.749 0 0 1-.812-1.225l5.9-5.901a2.785 2.785 0 1 0-3.939-3.939L2.931 10.68A.75.75 0 1 1 1.87 9.619l7.925-7.925Z"></path><path d="M12.42 4.069a.752.752 0 0 1 1.061 0 .752.752 0 0 1 0 1.061L7.33 11.28a2.788 2.788 0 0 0 0 3.94 2.788 2.788 0 0 0 3.94 0l6.15-6.151a.752.752 0 0 1 1.061 0 .752.752 0 0 1 0 1.061l-6.151 6.15a4.285 4.285 0 1 1-6.06-6.06l6.15-6.151Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">MCP Registry<sup class="NavLink-module__label__bil7n">New</sup></span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Integrate external tools</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/features/actions" data-analytics-event="{"action":"actions","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"actions_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-workflow NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Actions</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Automate any workflow</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/codespaces" data-analytics-event="{"action":"codespaces","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"codespaces_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codespaces NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.5 3.75C3.5 2.784 4.284 2 5.25 2h13.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 18.75 13H5.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75Zm-2 12c0-.966.784-1.75 1.75-1.75h17.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v4a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75 1.75H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM5.25 3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h13.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm-2 12a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v4c0 .138.112.25.25.25h17.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Codespaces</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Instant dev environments</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/issues" data-analytics-event="{"action":"issues","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"issues_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Issues</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Plan and track work</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/code-review" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_review","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_review_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M15.22 4.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l6.5 6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-6.5 6.5a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L21.19 12l-5.97-5.97a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Zm-6.44 0a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06L2.81 12l5.97 5.97a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l6.5-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Code Review</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_advanced_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_security_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Code security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{"action":"secret_protection","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"secret_protection_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6 9V7.25C6 3.845 8.503 1 12 1s6 2.845 6 6.25V9h.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5v8a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5h-13A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 3 19.5v-8A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5.5 9Zm-1.5 2.5v8a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h13a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-13a1 1 0 0 0-1 1Zm3-4.25V9h9V7.25c0-2.67-1.922-4.75-4.5-4.75-2.578 0-4.5 2.08-4.5 4.75Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Secret protection</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/why-github" data-analytics-event="{"action":"why_github","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"why_github_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Why GitHub</span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.github.com" data-analytics-event="{"action":"documentation","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"documentation_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Documentation</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-link-external NavLink-module__externalIcon__eWIry" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 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1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{"action":"marketplace","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"marketplace_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Marketplace</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/features" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_features","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_features_link_platform_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all features</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Solutions<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY COMPANY SIZE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-analytics-event="{"action":"enterprises","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{"action":"small_and_medium_teams","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{"action":"startups","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Startups</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{"action":"nonprofits","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{"action":"app_modernization","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devsecops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ci/cd","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_use_cases","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all use cases</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{"action":"healthcare","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/financial-services" data-analytics-event="{"action":"financial_services","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Financial services</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/manufacturing" data-analytics-event="{"action":"manufacturing","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Manufacturing</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/government" data-analytics-event="{"action":"government","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Government</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_industries","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all industries</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li></ul><div class="NavDropdown-module__trailingLinkContainer__VgJGL"><a href="https://github.com/solutions" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_solutions","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_solutions_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all solutions</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="NavDropdown-module__container__l2YeI js-details-container js-header-menu-item"><button type="button" class="NavDropdown-module__button__PEHWX js-details-target" aria-expanded="false">Resources<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavDropdown-module__buttonIcon__Tkl8_" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></button><div class="NavDropdown-module__dropdown__xm1jd"><ul class="NavDropdown-module__list__zuCgG"><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE BY TOPIC</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=ai" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ai","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">AI</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=software-development" data-analytics-event="{"action":"software_development","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Software Development</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles?topic=security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"security","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Security</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/articles" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_topics","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_topics_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all topics</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE BY TYPE</span><ul 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4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path></svg><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enterprise-grade security features</span></div></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/features/copilot/copilot-business" data-analytics-event="{"action":"copilot_for_business","tag":"link","context":"enterprise","location":"navbar","label":"copilot_for_business_link_enterprise_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><div class="NavLink-module__text__XvpLQ"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-copilot NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" 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data-analytics-event="{"action":"enterprises","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Enterprises</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/team" data-analytics-event="{"action":"small_and_medium_teams","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Small and medium teams</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups" data-analytics-event="{"action":"startups","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Startups</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/nonprofits" data-analytics-event="{"action":"nonprofits","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Nonprofits</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY USE CASE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/app-modernization" data-analytics-event="{"action":"app_modernization","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"app_modernization_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">App Modernization</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devsecops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devsecops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevSecOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/devops" data-analytics-event="{"action":"devops","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">DevOps</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case/ci-cd" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ci/cd","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"ci/cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">CI/CD</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/use-case" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_use_cases","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all use cases</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">BY INDUSTRY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/industry/healthcare" data-analytics-event="{"action":"healthcare","tag":"link","context":"solutions","location":"navbar","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Healthcare</span></a></li><li><a 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href="https://github.com/resources/articles" data-analytics-event="{"action":"view_all_topics","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"view_all_topics_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">View all topics</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right NavLink-module__arrowIcon__amekg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2">EXPLORE BY TYPE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy"><li><a href="https://github.com/customer-stories" data-analytics-event="{"action":"customer_stories","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"customer_stories_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Customer stories</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/events" data-analytics-event="{"action":"events__webinars","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"events__webinars_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Events & webinars</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers" data-analytics-event="{"action":"ebooks__reports","tag":"link","context":"resources","location":"navbar","label":"ebooks__reports_link_resources_navbar"}" class="NavLink-module__link__EG3d4"><span class="NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p">Ebooks & reports</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights" 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data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="" data-current-org="" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true"> +<qbsearch-input class="search-input" data-scope="owner:buetow" data-custom-scopes-path="/search/custom_scopes" data-delete-custom-scopes-csrf="YkAGMMdLh-O-ezO2UBa8pxLgw5Hwb68_VhOALyzaEOsljTmtE6pqnwXW-hmas6gyyOjQFA8J0WQfgW2CicdDlQ" data-max-custom-scopes="10" data-header-redesign-enabled="false" data-initial-value="" data-blackbird-suggestions-path="/search/suggestions" data-jump-to-suggestions-path="/_graphql/GetSuggestedNavigationDestinations" data-current-repository="" data-current-org="" data-current-owner="" data-logged-in="false" data-copilot-chat-enabled="false" data-nl-search-enabled="false" data-retain-scroll-position="true"> <div class="search-input-container search-with-dialog position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-items-center tmp-mr-4 rounded" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#searchInputContainerClicked" @@ -427,7 +438,7 @@ ></div> <div class="QueryBuilder-InputWrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="QueryBuilder-Sizer" data-target="query-builder.sizer"></div> - <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-77e6a7c6-4654-4643-b050-0c6158053233" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action=" + <input id="query-builder-test" name="query-builder-test" value="" autocomplete="off" type="text" role="combobox" spellcheck="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="validation-692dc013-ff70-47ec-b344-a18cb08410af" data-target="query-builder.input" data-action=" input:query-builder#inputChange blur:query-builder#inputBlur keydown:query-builder#inputKeydown @@ -668,7 +679,7 @@ ></ul> </div> - <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-77e6a7c6-4654-4643-b050-0c6158053233" hidden="hidden"> + <div class="FormControl-inlineValidation" id="validation-692dc013-ff70-47ec-b344-a18cb08410af" hidden="hidden"> <span class="FormControl-inlineValidation--visual"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" version="1.1" width="12" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert-fill"> <path d="M4.855.708c.5-.896 1.79-.896 2.29 0l4.675 8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> @@ -709,7 +720,7 @@ </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> - <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="PYNfcwKZJRNr9Cv/SpXK3Ar5r3Ov8Q/FYPQJEJ9Km9d8EAt0SZLJF3eoiP/j5Mddho0XTxfLMGUg2Sl5bzMgSA==" /> + <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="GRgFrw1FZFfHAmDW6aRAERwL854Xv4ioxL6buhTyDVyiwco6JNinoXUEGhg9KyKiH4ypSWE7SOvAq09ZPUeYsQ==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> @@ -747,7 +758,7 @@ <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> - <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="BS587VPUgYJIBSwLj42/5qipKhqrG5gw5Pz/FHrErogsA1/4OYVzkRJj/uDwe2F0hWScojXaxbjO7yMd5US9RQ==" /> + <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="cyuT32KXEahevrnhCPUi8vDuotdeKtmwSFSRs2zDcmdJxXG6DkG5yqNZplQ7xa1eggK7SfiALCfwg2vgJm/Tsg==" /> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <input type="hidden" id="custom_scope_id" name="custom_scope_id" data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesIdField"> @@ -765,7 +776,7 @@ placeholder="github-ruby" required maxlength="50"> - <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="Yn6T0IJHsLRSSTwvmpOPDK+jUeHxYjWHpvANooOG7wnRY7wwHQrAp6rZg7W3jTYHeBWIrmGtZIDDglX+Zfvwaw==" /> + <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="ipNwQ4Fb+PZbE48lEtZ83ewci6LM0QG00CNkfDfjFrFqCHujEaGwPcl+WB2dFHNxJRhFZNft2tFK9uZ9/Uttxg==" /> </auto-check> </div> @@ -820,7 +831,7 @@ <h4 data-view-component="true" class="color-fg-default mb-2"> Sign in to GitHub </h4> -<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form data-turbo="false" action="/session" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="rKHzeP+orkON6Q6sggV6HUQSpsO9AGOsWTGMR7VptOs6DW0qIkBy14+1+anIkGPtF3H8g9AxQdIGxN1MBX8/9Q==" /> <input type="hidden" name="add_account" id="add_account" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> +<!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form data-turbo="false" action="/session" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="mienfG5d6VfV72hAzLAjcqseECR+hWRf6i7OI/efokT/h8qY7sejGD8bUrOqGPS/mrtmDXdHfWX9i+mwiQXf3A==" /> <input type="hidden" name="add_account" id="add_account" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <label for="login_field"> Username or email address @@ -842,9 +853,9 @@ <input type="hidden" name="allow_signup" id="allow_signup" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <input type="hidden" name="client_id" id="client_id" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> <input type="hidden" name="integration" id="integration" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" /> -<input class="form-control" type="text" name="required_field_a5d9" hidden="hidden" /> -<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp" value="1773338430530" /> -<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp_secret" value="bba05d3419f37fe54d4d68c6d0d94e99459854d78cc37fbd966fce06119a8722" /> +<input class="form-control" type="text" name="required_field_280b" hidden="hidden" /> +<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp" value="1773993528069" /> +<input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="timestamp_secret" value="089c006ca96049ebf32957a740a8e51886c68b62fb83aaef24b5a06d5cf63b80" /> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Sign in" class="btn btn-primary btn-block js-sign-in-button" data-disable-with="Signing inβ¦" data-signin-label="Sign in" data-sso-label="Sign in with your identity provider" development="false" disable-emu-sso="false" /> @@ -871,14 +882,14 @@ <div class="AppHeader-appearanceSettings"> <react-partial-anchor> - <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-c2af4e9b-79a3-48ce-9a22-c89c1417aeb3" aria-labelledby="tooltip-832efbfa-b106-40e8-a890-f707db113cd2" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> + <button data-target="react-partial-anchor.anchor" id="icon-button-cf12199f-af16-4cdd-9f8b-1e1837b01f10" aria-labelledby="tooltip-0825fbc3-75e5-433d-887e-d26c5be0765d" type="button" disabled="disabled" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium AppHeader-button HeaderMenu-link border cursor-wait"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Button-visual"> <path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path> </svg> -</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-832efbfa-b106-40e8-a890-f707db113cd2" for="icon-button-c2af4e9b-79a3-48ce-9a22-c89c1417aeb3" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> +</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-0825fbc3-75e5-433d-887e-d26c5be0765d" for="icon-button-cf12199f-af16-4cdd-9f8b-1e1837b01f10" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Appearance settings</tool-tip> <template data-target="react-partial-anchor.template"> - <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.a7c2947c416ec834.module.css" /> -<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.437ba0a52997e5dd.module.css" /> + <link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/primer-react-css.6dd722c034c861a4.module.css" /> +<link crossorigin="anonymous" media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/appearance-settings.36be0d8866eb1b54.module.css" /> <react-partial partial-name="appearance-settings" @@ -912,10 +923,10 @@ <span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> <span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span> - 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9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> -</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-94b431db-9d38-4497-b4d3-577dec6ed8b8" for="icon-button-56eb76cc-1691-499c-8413-5d156f6743dd" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip> +</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-21f5dd4e-e9c5-4c57-b4b7-e0c7f629e310" for="icon-button-35aaa94f-f14a-4df3-9867-9fea2d0c5b91" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip> diff --git a/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi b/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi index 2daee8c3..26254d7c 100644 --- a/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi +++ b/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # f3s: Kubernetes with FreeBSD - Part 6: Storage -> Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Tue 27 Jan 10:09:08 EET 2026 +> Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Wed 19 Mar 2026 This is the sixth blog post about the f3s series for self-hosting demands in a home lab. f3s? The "f" stands for FreeBSD, and the "3s" stands for k3s, the Kubernetes distribution used on FreeBSD-based physical machines. @@ -1641,6 +1641,8 @@ fi touch "$LOCK_FILE" trap "rm -f $LOCK_FILE" EXIT +MOUNT_FIXED=0 + fix_mount () { echo "Attempting to remount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT" if mount -o remount -f "$MOUNT_POINT" 2>/dev/null; then @@ -1656,6 +1658,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo "$MOUNT_POINT is not a valid mountpoint, attempting mount" if mount "$MOUNT_POINT"; then echo "Successfully mounted $MOUNT_POINT" + MOUNT_FIXED=1 return else echo "Failed to mount $MOUNT_POINT" @@ -1672,6 +1675,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo "Attempting to mount $MOUNT_POINT" if mount "$MOUNT_POINT"; then echo "NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT mounted successfully" + MOUNT_FIXED=1 return else echo "Failed to mount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT" @@ -1690,6 +1694,30 @@ if ! timeout 2s stat "$MOUNT_POINT" >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT appears to be unresponsive" fix_mount fi + +# After a successful remount, delete pods stuck on this node +if [ "$MOUNT_FIXED" -eq 1 ]; then + echo "Mount was fixed, checking for stuck pods on this node..." + NODE=$(hostname) + export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml + kubectl get pods --all-namespaces \ + --field-selector="spec.nodeName=$NODE" \ + -o json 2>/dev/null | jq -r ' + .items[] | + select( + .status.phase == "Unknown" or + .status.phase == "Pending" or + (.status.conditions // [] | + any(.type == "Ready" and .status == "False")) or + (.status.containerStatuses // [] | + any(.state.waiting.reason == "ContainerCreating")) + ) | "\(.metadata.namespace) \(.metadata.name)"' | \ + while read ns pod; do + echo "Deleting stuck pod $ns/$pod" + kubectl delete pod -n "$ns" "$pod" \ + --grace-period=0 --force 2>&1 + done +fi EOF [root@r0 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/check-nfs-mount.sh @@ -1749,6 +1777,10 @@ To enable and start the timer, we run: Note: Stale file handles are inherent to NFS failover because file handles are server-specific. The best approach depends on your application's tolerance for brief disruptions. Of course, all the changes made to `r0` above must also be applied to `r1` and `r2`. +> Updated Wed 19 Mar 2026: Added automatic pod restart after NFS remount + +The script now also tracks whether a mount was fixed via the `MOUNT_FIXED` variable. After a successful remount, it queries kubectl for pods on the local node that are stuck in `Unknown`, `Pending`, or `ContainerCreating` state and force-deletes them. Kubernetes then automatically reschedules these pods, which will now succeed because the NFS mount is healthy again. Without this, pods that hit a stale mount would remain broken until manually deleted, even after the underlying NFS issue was resolved. + ### Complete Failover Test Here's a comprehensive test of the failover behaviour with all optimisations in place: diff --git a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi index 1792fc1d..f4957f24 100644 --- a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi +++ b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi @@ -1,6 +1,13 @@ # Distributed Systems Simulator -This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Simulator program I've created specifically for simulating distributed systems protocols, offering both built-in implementations of common algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. +> DRAFT - Not yet published +> Last updated Fri 27 Mar 16:24:54 EET 2026 + +This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Systems Simulator program I created as my diploma thesis at the Aachen University of Applied Sciences (August 2008). The simulator offers both built-in implementations of common distributed systems algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim on Codeberg (modernized, English-translated version) + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot.png Screenshot: The Distributed Systems Simulator running a Broadcast protocol simulation with 6 processes. The visualization shows message lines between process bars, with blue indicating delivered messages and green indicating messages still in transit. ## Table of Contents @@ -13,26 +20,42 @@ This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Simulator program I've created spe * β’ β’ β’ Local and Global Clocks * β’ β’ β’ Events * β’ β’ β’ Protocols -* β’ Graphical User Interface (GUI) -* β’ β’ Simple Mode +* β’ β’ Graphical User Interface (GUI) +* β’ β’ β’ Simple Mode * β’ β’ β’ The Menu Bar * β’ β’ β’ The Toolbar * β’ β’ β’ The Visualization * β’ β’ β’ Color Differentiation * β’ β’ β’ The Sidebar * β’ β’ β’ The Log Window -* β’ β’ Expert Mode -* β’ β’ β’ New Functions in the Sidebar -* β’ β’ β’ Lamport Time, Vector Time, and Anti-Aliasing Switches -* β’ β’ β’ The Log Filter -* β’ β’ Events -* β’ β’ β’ Key Features of Events: -* β’ β’ β’ Event Types Available: -* β’ β’ Summary +* β’ β’ β’ Expert Mode +* β’ β’ β’ Configuration Settings +* β’ β’ Protocols and Examples +* β’ β’ β’ Dummy Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Ping-Pong Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Broadcast Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Internal Synchronization Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Christian's Method (External Synchronization) +* β’ β’ β’ Berkeley Algorithm +* β’ β’ β’ One-Phase Commit Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Two-Phase Commit Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Basic Multicast Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Reliable Multicast Protocol +* β’ β’ Additional Examples +* β’ β’ β’ Lamport and Vector Timestamps +* β’ β’ β’ Simulating Slow Connections +* β’ β’ β’ Raft Consensus Failover +* β’ β’ Protocol API +* β’ β’ β’ Class Hierarchy +* β’ β’ β’ Implementing a Custom Protocol +* β’ β’ β’ Available API Methods +* β’ β’ β’ Example: Reliable Multicast Implementation +* β’ β’ Installation +* β’ β’ Project Statistics ## Motivation -Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault toleranceβall within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. +Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault tolerance -- all within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. In the literature, one can find many different definitions of a distributed system. Many of these definitions differ from each other, making it difficult to find a single definition that stands alone as the correct one. Andrew Tanenbaum and Maarten van Steen chose the following loose characterization for describing a distributed system: @@ -44,6 +67,8 @@ This thesis aims to make it easier for users to view distributed systems from a To achieve this goal, a simulator was developed, particularly for teaching and learning purposes at the University of Applied Sciences Aachen. With the simulator, protocols from distributed systems with their most important influencing factors can be replicated through simulations. At the same time, there is ample room for personal experiments, with no restriction to a fixed number of protocols. It is therefore important that users are enabled to design their own protocols. +The original simulator (VS-Sim) was written in Java 6 in 2008 with a German-language UI. In 2025, I revamped and modernized it as ds-sim: The entire codebase and UI were translated from German to English. The build system was migrated from hand-rolled Ant scripts to Maven. The Java baseline was upgraded from Java 6 to Java 21, adopting modern language features such as sealed class hierarchies, record types, formatted strings, and pattern matching. A proper exception hierarchy and consistent error handling were introduced. Comprehensive Javadoc documentation was added to all public APIs. A headless testing framework was implemented, bringing the project to 141 unit tests covering core components, the event system, and all protocol implementations. The project structure was reorganized to follow standard Maven conventions, and architecture documentation was added. In total, the modernization touched 199 files with over 15,000 lines of new code. Back in 2008, I wrote every single line by hand using the Vim editor. For the 2025 modernization, I could rely on Claude Code for most of the heavy lifting -- the translation, the refactoring, the test generation, the documentation. It is insane how times have changed. + ## Fundamentals For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper exploration will follow in later chapters. @@ -51,15 +76,15 @@ For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper explora ### Client/Server Model ``` -βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ -β β -β ββββββββββ ββββββββββ β -β β Client ββ-------βΊβ Server β β -β ββββββββββ ββββββββββ β -β β -β Sending of Messages β -β β -βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ ++-----------------------------------------+ +| | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | Client |<------->| Server | | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | +| Sending of Messages | +| | ++-----------------------------------------+ Figure 1.1: Client/Server Model ``` @@ -81,213 +106,732 @@ In a simulation, there is exactly one global clock. It represents the current an Additionally, each participating process has its own local clock. It represents the current time of the respective process. Unlike the global clock, local clocks can display an incorrect time. If the process time is not globally correct (not equal to the global time, or displays an incorrect time), then it was either reset during a simulation, or it is running incorrectly due to clock drift. The clock drift indicates by what factor the clock is running incorrectly. This will be discussed in more detail later. ``` -βββββββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β Process 1 β β Process 2 β -β β β β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β β βββββββββββββββββββ β -β βServer Protocol Aβ β β βClient Protocol Aβ β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β β βββββββββββββββββββ β -β β β β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β βClient Protocol Bβ β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β β β Process 3 β -βββββββββββββββββββββββ β β - β βββββββββββββββββββ β - β βServer Protocol Bβ β - β βββββββββββββββββββ β - β β - βββββββββββββββββββββββ ++---------------------+ +---------------------+ +| Process 1 | | Process 2 | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| |Server Protocol A| | | |Client Protocol A| | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| |Client Protocol B| | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| | | Process 3 | ++---------------------+ | | + | +-----------------+ | + | |Server Protocol B| | + | +-----------------+ | + | | + +---------------------+ Figure 1.2: Client/Server Protocols ``` -In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in Chapter 3.11.1. +In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in the "Additional Examples" section. ### Events A simulation consists of the sequential execution of finitely many events. For example, there can be an event that causes a process to send a message. A process crash event would also be conceivable. Each event occurs at a specific point in time. Events with the same occurrence time are executed directly one after another by the simulator. However, this does not hinder the simulator's users, as events are executed in parallel from their perspective. +Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as: + +* Message receive events: Triggered when a message arrives at a recipient process +* Protocol schedule events (alarms): Triggered by a timer set by a protocol, e.g. for retransmission timeouts +* Random events: Such as random process crashes based on configured crash probability + ### Protocols A simulation also consists of the application of protocols. It has already been mentioned that a process can take on the roles of servers and/or clients. For each server and client role, the associated protocol must also be specified. A protocol defines how a client and a server send messages, and how they react when a message arrives. A protocol also determines what data is contained in a message. A process only processes a received message if it understands the respective protocol. In Figure 1.2, 3 processes are shown. Process 1 supports protocol "A" on the server side and protocol "B" on the client side. Process 2 supports protocol "A" on the client side and Process 3 supports protocol "B" on the server side. This means that Process 1 can communicate with Process 2 via protocol "A" and with Process 3 via protocol "B". Processes 2 and 3 are incompatible with each other and cannot process messages received from each other. -Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol in Chapter 3.3). +Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol later). -# Graphical User Interface (GUI) +## Graphical User Interface (GUI) -## Simple Mode +### Simple Mode -![Figure 2.1: The simulator after first launch] +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot2.png Screenshot: The simulator showing the settings dialog. The visualization area displays process bars with message lines between them. The settings window allows configuring simulation parameters like number of processes, simulation duration, clock drift, message loss probability, and more. The simulator requires JDK 21 and can be started with the command `java -jar target/ds-sim-VERSION.jar` -The simulator then presents itself as shown in Figure 2.1. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu (see Fig. 2.2), after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. +The simulator then presents itself with a main window. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu, after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. By default, the simulator starts in "simple mode". There is also an "expert mode", which will be discussed later. ### The Menu Bar -In the File menu (see Fig. 2.2), you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. +In the File menu, you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. -![Figure 2.2: File Menu] - -Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. This will also be discussed in more detail later. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. +Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. Some menu items are only accessible when a simulation has already been created or loaded in the current window. -![Figure 2.3: A new simulation] - ### The Toolbar -The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator (see Fig. 2.4). The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. - -The toolbar offers four different functions: - -![Figure 2.4: The menu line including toolbar] +The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator. The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. The toolbar offers four different functions: * Reset simulation: can only be activated when the simulation has been paused or has finished -* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started +* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started * Pause simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is currently running * Start simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is not currently running and has not yet finished ### The Visualization -![Figure 2.5: Visualization of a simulation that has not yet been started] - -The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. Figure 2.5 shows 3 processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. - -![Figure 2.6: Right-click on a process bar] +The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. The visualization shows processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. The process bars also serve as start and end points for messages. For example, if Process 1 sends a message to Process 2, a line is drawn from one process bar to the other. Messages that a process sends to itself are not visualized but are logged in the log window (more on this later). -Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options (see Fig. 2.6). A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. +Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options. A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. In general, the number of processes can vary as desired. The simulation duration is at least 5 and at most 120 seconds. The simulation only ends when the global time reaches the specified simulation end time (here 15 seconds), not when a local process time reaches this end time. ### Color Differentiation -Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the colors listed in Table 2.1. These are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings. +Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the following colors (these are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings): ``` -Table 2.1: Color differentiation of processes and messages - -| Process Color | Meaning | -|---------------|---------------------------------------------------| -| Black | The simulation is not currently running | -| Orange | The mouse is over the process bar | -| Red | The process has crashed | - -| Message Color | Meaning | -|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| Green | The message is still in transit and has not yet reached its destination | -| Blue | The message has successfully reached its destination | -| Red | The message was lost | +Process Colors: + Black - The simulation is not currently running + Green - The process is running normally + Orange - The mouse is over the process bar + Red - The process has crashed + +Message Colors: + Green - The message is still in transit + Blue - The message has successfully reached its destination + Red - The message was lost ``` ### The Sidebar -![Figure 2.7: The sidebar with empty event editor] - -The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top of Figure 2.7, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events (none present here yet) along with their occurrence times and PIDs. +The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events along with their occurrence times and PIDs. -![Figure 2.8: The event editor with 3 programmed events] - -To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar (see Fig. 2.6) and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table (see Fig. 2.9), enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". For example, in Figure 2.8, three events were added: crash after 123ms, revival after 321ms, and another crash after 3000ms of the process with ID 1. - -![Figure 2.9: Event selection via sidebar] +To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table, enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". Right-clicking on the event editor allows you to either copy or delete all selected events. Using the Ctrl key, multiple events can be selected simultaneously. The entries in the Time and PID columns can be edited afterwards. This provides a convenient way to move already programmed events to a different time or assign them to a different process. However, users should ensure that they press the Enter key after changing the event occurrence time, otherwise the change will be ineffective. -In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process (see Fig. 2.13 left). There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. +In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process. There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. ### The Log Window -The log window (see Fig. 2.3, bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. Figure 2.10 shows the log window after creating the demo simulation with 3 participating processes. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. - -![Figure 2.10: The log window] +The log window (at the bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. ``` 000000ms: New Simulation 000000ms: New Process; PID: 1; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 2; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 3; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) +``` + +By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. + +### Expert Mode + +The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. + +In expert mode, the following additional features become available: + +* Global events: In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. Global events are triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached, rather than a local process time. This only makes a difference when local process times differ from the global time (e.g. due to clock drift). +* Direct PID selection: The user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. +* Lamport and Vector time switches: If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. Only one can be active at a time to maintain clarity. +* Anti-aliasing switch: Allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing for smoother graphics. Disabled by default for performance reasons. +* Log filter: A regular expression filter (Java syntax) that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. For example, `"PID: (1|2)"` shows only log lines containing "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". The filter can be activated retroactively and during a running simulation. + +### Configuration Settings + +The simulation settings window allows configuring many aspects of the simulation. Key settings include: + +* Processes receive own messages (default: false): Whether processes can receive messages they sent to themselves. +* Average message loss probabilities (default: true): Whether to average the loss probabilities of sender and receiver processes. +* Average transmission times (default: true): Whether to average the transmission times of sender and receiver processes. +* Show only relevant messages (default: true): Hides messages sent to processes that don't support the protocol. +* Expert mode (default: false): Enables expert mode features. +* Simulation speed (default: 0.5): The playback speed factor. A value of 1 means real-time, 0.5 means half speed. +* Number of processes (default: 3): Can also be changed during simulation via right-click. +* Simulation duration (default: 15s): Between 5 and 120 seconds. + +Each process also has individual settings: + +* Clock drift (default: 0.0): By what factor the local clock deviates. A value of 0.0 means no deviation. A value of 1.0 means double speed. Values > -1.0 are allowed. +* Random crash probability (default: 0%): Probability that the process crashes randomly during the simulation. +* Message loss probability (default: 0%): Probability that a message sent by this process is lost in transit. +* Min/Max transmission time (default: 500ms/2000ms): The range for random message delivery times. + +## Protocols and Examples + +The simulator comes with 10 built-in protocols. As described earlier, protocols are distinguished between server-side and client-side. Servers can respond to client messages, and clients can respond to server messages. Each process can support any number of protocols on both the client and server side. Users can also implement their own protocols using the simulator's Protocol API (see the Protocol API section). + +The program directory contains a `saved-simulations` folder with example simulations for each protocol as serialized `.dat` files. + +### Dummy Protocol + +The Dummy Protocol serves only as a template for creating custom protocols. When using the Dummy Protocol, only log messages are output when events occur. No further actions are performed. + +### Ping-Pong Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong.png Visualization: The Ping-Pong Protocol showing two processes (P1 and P2) exchanging messages in a continuous back-and-forth pattern. Blue lines represent delivered messages bouncing between the process bars over a 15-second simulation. + +In the Ping-Pong Protocol, two processes -- Client P1 and Server P2 -- constantly send messages back and forth. The Ping-Pong client starts the first request, to which the server responds to the client. The client then responds again, and so on. Each message includes a counter that is incremented at each station and logged in the log window. + +``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +It is important that Process 1 activates its Ping-Pong client before starting a Ping-Pong client request. Before a process can start a request, it must have the corresponding protocol activated. This also applies to all other protocols. + +**Ping-Pong Storm Variant** + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong-storm.png Visualization: The Ping-Pong Storm variant with three processes. P1 is the client, P2 and P3 are both servers. The visualization shows an exponentially growing number of messages as each client message generates two server responses, creating a dense web of blue and green message lines. + +By adding a third process P3 as an additional Ping-Pong server, a Ping-Pong "Storm" can be realized. Since every client message now receives two server responses, the number of messages doubles with each round, creating an exponential message flood. + +``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Storm Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +### Broadcast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/broadcast.png Visualization: The Broadcast Protocol with 6 processes (P1-P6). Dense crossing message lines show how a broadcast from P1 propagates to all processes, with each process re-broadcasting to others. Blue lines indicate delivered messages, green lines indicate messages still in transit. + +The Broadcast Protocol behaves similarly to the Ping-Pong Protocol. The difference is that the protocol tracks -- using a unique Broadcast ID -- which messages have already been sent. Each process re-broadcasts all received messages to others, provided it has not already sent them. + +In this case, no distinction is made between client and server, so that the same action is performed when a message arrives at either side. This makes it possible, using multiple processes, to create a broadcast. P1 is the client and starts a request at 0ms and 2500ms. The simulation duration is exactly 5000ms. Since a client can only receive server messages and a server can only receive client messages, every process in this simulation is both server and client. + +``` +Programmed Broadcast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Client activate | +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +``` + +### Internal Synchronization Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/int-sync.png Visualization: Internal Synchronization with 2 processes. P1 (client, clock drift 0.1) shows a faster-running clock reaching 15976ms by simulation end. The blue message lines show P1 periodically synchronizing with P2 (server, no drift), with the time corrections visible as slight adjustments in P1's timeline. + +The Internal Synchronization Protocol is used for synchronizing the local process time, which can be applied when a process time is running incorrectly due to clock drift. When the client wants to synchronize its (incorrect) local process time t_c with a server, it sends a client request. The server responds with its own local process time t_s, allowing the client to calculate a new, more accurate time for itself. + +After receiving the server response, the client P1 calculates its new local process time as: + +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * (t'_min + t'_max) +``` + +This synchronizes P1's local time with an error of less than 1/2 * (t'_max - t'_min), where t'_min and t'_max are the assumed minimum and maximum transmission times configured in the protocol settings. + +In the example, the client process has a clock drift of 0.1 and the server has 0.0. The client starts a request at local process times 0ms, 5000ms, and 10000ms. By simulation end, P1's time is synchronized to 15976ms (an error of -976ms from the global 15000ms). + +``` +Programmed Internal Sync Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +``` + +Protocol variables (client-side): + +* Min. transmission time (Long: 500): The assumed t'_min in milliseconds +* Max. transmission time (Long: 2000): The assumed t'_max in milliseconds + +These can differ from the actual message transmission times t_min and t_max, allowing simulation of scenarios where the protocol is misconfigured and large synchronization errors occur. + +### Christian's Method (External Synchronization) + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/christians.png Visualization: Comparison of Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3) with P2 as shared server. Both P1 and P3 have clock drift 0.1. The visualization shows P1 synchronized to 14567ms (error: -433ms) while P3 synchronized to 15539ms (error: -539ms), demonstrating the different accuracy of the two methods. + +Christian's Method uses the RTT (Round Trip Time) to approximate the transmission time of individual messages. When the client wants to synchronize its local time t_c with a server, it sends a request and measures the RTT t_rtt until the server response arrives. The server response contains the local process time t_s from the moment the server sent the response. The client then calculates its new local time as: + +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * t_rtt +``` + +The accuracy is +/- (1/2 * t_rtt - u_min) where u_min is a lower bound for message transmission time. + +The visualization compares both synchronization methods side by side: P1 uses Internal Synchronization and P3 uses Christian's Method, with P2 serving both. Both P1 and P3 have clock drift 0.1. In this particular run, Internal Synchronization achieved a better result (-433ms error vs. -539ms), though results vary between runs due to random transmission times. + +``` +Programmed Comparison Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 0 | 2 | Christian's Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +``` + +### Berkeley Algorithm + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/berkeley.png Visualization: The Berkeley Algorithm with 3 processes. P2 is the server (coordinator) sending time requests to clients P1 and P3. After collecting responses, P2 calculates correction values and sends them back. Final times show P1=16823ms, P2=14434ms, P3=13892ms -- all brought closer together through averaging. + +The Berkeley Algorithm is another method for synchronizing local clocks. This is the first protocol where the server initiates the requests. The server acts as a coordinator. The client processes are passive and must wait until a server request arrives. The server must know which client processes participate in the protocol, which is configured in the server's protocol settings. + +When the server wants to synchronize its local time t_s and the process times t_i of the clients (i = 1,...,n), it sends a server request. n is the number of participating clients. The clients then send their local process times back to the server. The server measures the RTTs r_i for all client responses. + +After all responses are received, the server sets its own time to the average t_avg of all known process times (including its own). The transmission time of a client response is estimated as half the RTT: + +``` +t_avg := 1/(n+1) * (t_s + SUM(r_i/2 + t_i)) +t_s := t_avg +``` + +The server then calculates a correction value k_i := t_avg - t_i for each client and sends it back. Each client sets its new time to t'_i := t'_i + k_i. -β‘ Expert mode β Logging ``` +Programmed Berkeley Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|-----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +| 7500 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: [1,3]): The PIDs of the Berkeley client processes. The protocol will not work if a non-existent PID is specified or if the process does not support the Berkeley protocol on the client side. + +### One-Phase Commit Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/one-phase-commit.png Visualization: The One-Phase Commit Protocol with 3 processes. P1 crashes at 1000ms (shown in red) and recovers at 5000ms. P2 (server) periodically sends commit requests. The red lines show lost messages during P1's crash period, while blue lines show successful message exchanges after recovery. + +The One-Phase Commit Protocol is designed to move any number of clients to a commit. In practice, this could be creating or deleting a file that each client has a local copy of. The server is the coordinator and initiates the commit request. The server periodically resends the commit request until every client has acknowledged it. For this purpose, the PIDs of all participating client processes and a timer for resending must be configured. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. P1 crashes at 1000ms and recovers at 5000ms. The first two commit requests fail to reach P1 due to its crash. Only the third attempt succeeds. Each client acknowledges a commit request only once. + +``` +Programmed One-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server request start | +| 1000 | 1 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 1 | Process revival | +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the commit request +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): The client process PIDs that should commit + +### Two-Phase Commit Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/two-phase-commit.png Visualization: The Two-Phase Commit Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (server) orchestrates a two-phase voting process with clients P1 and P3. The complex message pattern shows the voting phase followed by the commit/abort phase, with messages crossing between all three processes over a 10-second simulation. + +The Two-Phase Commit Protocol is an extension of the One-Phase Commit Protocol. The server first sends a request to all participating clients asking whether they want to commit. Each client responds with true or false. The server periodically retries until all results are collected. After receiving all votes, the server checks whether all clients voted true. If at least one client voted false, the commit process is aborted and a global result of false is sent to all clients. If all voted true, the global result true is sent. The global result is periodically resent until each client acknowledges receipt. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. The server sends its first request at 0ms. Here both P1 and P3 vote true, so the commit proceeds. + +``` +Programmed Two-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server request start | +``` + +Example log extract showing the two-phase voting process: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: wantVote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +000905ms: PID 3: Message sent; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Integer: pid=3; Boolean: isVote=true; vote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Vote true sent +001880ms: PID 2: Message received; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001880ms: PID 2: Vote from Process 3 received! Result: true +001947ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001947ms: PID 1: Vote true sent +003137ms: PID 2: Votes from all participating processes received! + Global result: true +003137ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 99; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: isVoteResult=true; voteResult=true +004124ms: PID 1: Global vote result received. Result: true +006051ms: PID 2: All participants have acknowledged the vote +010000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Client PIDs that should vote and commit + +Protocol variables (client-side): + +* Commit probability (Integer: ackProb = 50): The probability in percent that the client votes true (for commit) + +### Basic Multicast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/basic-multicast.png Visualization: The Basic Multicast Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (client) sends periodic multicast messages to servers P1 and P3. P3 crashes at 3000ms (shown in red) and recovers at 6000ms. Red lines indicate lost messages, blue lines show delivered messages. Some messages to P1 are also lost due to the 30% message loss probability. + +The Basic Multicast Protocol is very simple. The client always initiates the request, which represents a simple multicast message. The Basic Multicast servers serve only to receive the message. No acknowledgments are sent. The client P2 sends a multicast message every 2500ms to servers P1 and P3. + +P1 can only receive multicast messages after 2500ms because it does not support the protocol before then. P3 is crashed from 3000ms to 6000ms and also cannot receive messages during that time. Each process has a 30% message loss probability, so some messages are lost in transit (shown in red). + +In this example, the 3rd multicast message to P3 and the 5th and 6th messages to P1 were lost. Only the 4th multicast message reached both destinations. + +``` +Programmed Basic Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 2500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 6000 | 3 | Process revival | +| 7500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 10000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 12500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +``` + +### Reliable Multicast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/reliable-multicast.png Visualization: The Reliable Multicast Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (client) sends multicast messages to servers P1 and P3, retrying until acknowledgments are received from all servers. P3 crashes at 3000ms and recovers at 10000ms. Red lines show lost messages, blue lines show delivered ones. Despite failures, all servers eventually receive and acknowledge the multicast. + +In the Reliable Multicast Protocol, the client periodically resends its multicast message until it has received an acknowledgment from all participating servers. After each retry, the client "forgets" which servers have already acknowledged, so each new attempt must be acknowledged again by all participants. + +In the example, P2 is the client and P1 and P3 are the servers. At 0ms, the client initiates its multicast message. The message loss probability is set to 30% on all processes. The client needs exactly 5 attempts until successful delivery: + +* Attempt 1: P1 doesn't support the protocol yet. P3 receives the message but its ACK is lost. +* Attempt 2: The message to P1 is lost. P3 receives it but is crashed and can't process it. +* Attempt 3: P1 receives the message and ACKs successfully. The message to P3 is lost. +* Attempt 4: P1 receives and ACKs again. P3 receives it but is still crashed. +* Attempt 5: Both P1 and P3 receive the message and ACK successfully. + +``` +Programmed Reliable Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------------| +| 0 | 3 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 10000 | 3 | Process revival | +``` + +Example log extract: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Reliable Multicast Client activated +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +000000ms: PID 3: Reliable Multicast Server activated +001590ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +001590ms: PID 3: ACK sent +002500ms: PID 1: Reliable Multicast Server activated +002500ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 282; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +003000ms: PID 3: Crashed +005000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 283; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +005952ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 283 +005952ms: PID 1: ACK sent +007937ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 1 received! +... +011813ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 3 received! +011813ms: PID 2: ACKs from all participating processes received! +015000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the multicast +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Server PIDs that should receive the multicast + +## Additional Examples + +### Lamport and Vector Timestamps -By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. This is due to the very slow Java implementation of the JTextArea class, which performs updates very sluggishly. +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/lamport-timestamps.png Visualization: Lamport Timestamps displayed on the Berkeley Algorithm simulation. Each event on a process bar shows its Lamport timestamp as a number in parentheses. The timestamps increase monotonically and are updated according to the Lamport clock rules when messages are sent and received between P1, P2, and P3. -## Expert Mode +> "For many purposes, it is sufficient that all machines agree on the same time. It is not necessary that this time also agrees with real time, like every hour announced on the radio... For a certain class of algorithms, only the internal consistency of clocks is important." - Andrew Tanenbaum -The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. Figure 2.11 shows the simulator in expert mode. When comparing expert mode with simple mode, several differences are noticeable: +Clocks that provide such a time are also known as logical clocks. Two implementations are realized in the simulator: Lamport timestamps and vector timestamps. -![Figure 2.11: The Simulator in Expert Mode] +After activating the Lamport time switch in expert mode, the current Lamport timestamp appears at every event of a process. Each process has its own Lamport timestamp that is incremented when a message is sent or received. Each message carries the current Lamport time t_l(i) of the sending process i. When another process j receives this message, its Lamport timestamp t_l(j) is recalculated as: -### New Functions in the Sidebar +``` +t_l(j) := 1 + max(t_l(j), t_l(i)) +``` + +The larger Lamport time of the sender and receiver process is used and then incremented by 1. After the Berkeley simulation shown here, P1 has Lamport timestamp 16, P2 has 14, and P3 has 15. -The first difference is visible in the sidebar (see Fig. 2.12). In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. As already mentioned, local events are those events that occur when a specific local time of the associated process has been reached. Global events, on the other hand, are those events that occur when a specific global time has been reached. A global event takes the global simulation time and a local event takes the local process time as the entry criterion. Global events thus only make a difference when the local process times differ from the global time. +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/vector-timestamps.png Visualization: Vector Timestamps displayed on the same Berkeley Algorithm simulation. Each event shows its vector timestamp as a tuple (v1,v2,v3) representing the known state of all three processes. The tuples grow as processes communicate and merge their knowledge of each other's progress. -Furthermore, the user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. In simple mode, the PID of the currently selected process (in the topmost ComboBox) was always used by default (here with PID 1). +With the active vector time switch, all vector timestamps are displayed. Like the Lamport timestamp, each message includes the current vector timestamp of the sending process. With n participating processes, the vector timestamp v has size n. Each participating process i has its own index, accessible via v(i). When v is the vector timestamp of the receiving process j and w is the vector timestamp of the sending process, the new local vector timestamp of process j is calculated as follows: -![Figure 2.12: The Sidebar in Expert Mode] +``` +for (i := 0; i < n; i++) { + if (i = j) { + v(i)++; + } else if (v(i) < w(i)) { + v(i) := w(i); + } +} +``` -### Lamport Time, Vector Time, and Anti-Aliasing Switches +By default, the vector timestamp is only incremented when a message is sent or received. In both cases, the sender and receiver each increment their own index in the vector timestamp by 1. Upon receiving a message, the local vector timestamp is then compared with the sender's, and the larger value is taken for all indices. -Further differences are noticeable below the log window. Among other things, there are two new switches "Lamport time" and "Vector time". If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. To maintain clarity, the user can only have one of these two switches activated at the same time. +After the simulation, P1 has vector timestamp (8,10,6), P2 has (6,10,6), and P3 has (6,10,8). -The anti-aliasing switch allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing. With anti-aliasing, all graphics in the visualization are displayed with rounded edges (see [Bra03]). For performance reasons, anti-aliasing is not active by default. +The simulation settings include boolean variables "Lamport times affect all events" and "Vector times affect all events" (both default to false). When set to true, all events (not just message send/receive) will update the timestamps. -### The Log Filter +### Simulating Slow Connections -As a simulation becomes more complex, the entries in the log window become increasingly confusing. Here it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of all events. To counteract this, expert mode includes a log filter that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/slow-connection.png Visualization: Slow connection simulation comparing Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3) with P2 as server. P3 has high transmission times (2000-8000ms) simulating a slow network connection. P1 synchronizes to 21446ms (error: -1446ms) while P3 only reaches 16557ms (error: -3443ms), showing how slow connections degrade synchronization quality. -The log filter is activated and deactivated using the associated "Filter" switch. A regular expression in Java syntax can be entered in the input line behind it. The use of regular expressions using Java is covered in [Fri06]. For example, with `"PID: (1|2)"` only log lines are displayed that contain either "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". All other lines that only contain "PID: 3", for example, are not displayed. With the log filter, only the log lines that match the specified regular expression are displayed. The log filter can also be activated retroactively, as already logged events are filtered again after each filter change. +The simulator can also simulate slow connections to a specific process. This example revisits the comparison of Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3), with P2 serving both. In this scenario, P3 has a poor network connection, so messages to and from P3 always require a longer transmission time. -The log filter can also be used during a running simulation. When the filter is deactivated, all messages are displayed again. Log messages that have never been displayed due to the filter are then displayed retroactively. +P3's minimum transmission time is set to 2000ms and maximum to 8000ms, while P1 and P2 keep the defaults (500ms/2000ms). The simulation duration is 20000ms. With the "Average transmission times" setting enabled, the effective transmission time for messages involving P3 is: -![Figure 2.13: The Process Editor in the Sidebar] +``` +1/2 * (rand(500,2000) + rand(2000,8000)) = 1/2 * rand(2500,10000) = rand(1250,5000)ms +``` + +Because P3 starts a new request before receiving the answer to its previous one, and because it always associates server responses with its most recently sent request, its RTT calculations become incorrect on each round, and its local time is poorly synchronized. P1 synchronizes to 21446ms (error: -1446ms) while P3 only reaches 16557ms (error: -3443ms). + +### Raft Consensus Failover + +> Updated Fri 27 Mar: Added a Raft consensus failover example from the modernized ds-sim version, together with a fresh screenshot and a walkthrough of the event log. + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/raft-consensus-failover.png Screenshot: A 60-second Raft simulation with three processes. P1 starts as the initial leader, crashes at 3500ms, later recovers, P2 wins the reelection and remains leader, and P3 crashes later. The blue and red message lines show the continuing heartbeat and acknowledgment traffic during and after failover. + +While modernizing ds-sim, I also added a simplified Raft Consensus example. The simulation is intentionally small: three processes, one initial leader, one crash, a clean reelection, a recovery of the old leader, and then another crash later in the run. This makes it possible to see the most important Raft transitions without being overwhelmed by cluster size. + +The event log tells a very readable story. At `0ms`, `P1` starts as the initial leader in `term 0`. It immediately sends a heartbeat and an `appendEntry` message carrying the log entry `cmd1`. `P2` joins at `100ms`, `P3` at `1700ms`, and both acknowledge the leader's traffic. At that point the cluster is healthy: one leader, two followers, successful heartbeats, and successful log replication. + +At `3500ms`, `P1` crashes. The followers still process the last in-flight messages, but once the election timeout expires, `P2` becomes a candidate and sends a `voteRequest` for `term 1`. `P3` grants that vote, and at `9395ms` the log records the decisive line: + +``` +009395ms: PID: 2; ... Leader elected by majority vote: process 2 (term 1) +``` -## Events +That transition is followed immediately by new heartbeats and a new `appendEntry`, which is exactly what you want to see in a Raft simulation: leadership is not just declared, it is exercised. -Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as the arrival of a message or the execution of an action due to an alarm (more on this later). +At `12002ms`, the old leader `P1` recovers. Importantly, it does not try to reclaim control. Instead, it receives heartbeats from `P2` and answers with `heartbeatAck` messages, rejoining the cluster as a follower. That is one of the most useful teaching moments in the log, because it makes the term-based leadership model concrete: the recovered node does not become leader again just because it used to be one. -### Key Features of Events: +At `20000ms`, `P3` crashes. The cluster continues running with `P2` as leader and `P1` as follower for the rest of the 60-second simulation. The log remains dominated by periodic heartbeats from `P2` and acknowledgments from `P1`, showing that the system stays stable even after a second failure. -* Local Eventsi: Triggered when a specific local time of the associated process is reached -* Global Eventsi: (Expert Mode only): Triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached -* Event Programmingi: Users can add events by: Right-clicking on a process bar and selecting "Insert local event", using the event editor in the sidebar or by sssssssssssthe event time and type +This single scenario demonstrates several core Raft properties in one replay: + +* Stable startup leadership +* Heartbeats and follower acknowledgments +* Log replication +* Leader failure detection +* Majority-based reelection +* Safe reintegration of a recovered former leader +* Continued service after a later follower crash + +It is also a good example of why a simulator is useful for distributed systems. In a real production system, reconstructing this sort of sequence would require stitching together logs from multiple nodes. Here, the message flow, the crashes, the recoveries, and the Lamport/vector timestamps are all visible in one place. + +## Protocol API + +The simulator was designed from the ground up to be extensible. Users can implement their own protocols in Java by extending the `VSAbstractProtocol` base class. Each protocol has its own class in the `protocols.implementations` package. + +### Class Hierarchy + +``` +VSAbstractEvent + +-- VSAbstractProtocol (base class for all protocols) + +-- VSDummyProtocol + +-- VSPingPongProtocol + +-- VSBroadcastProtocol + +-- VSInternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSExternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSBerkeleyTimeProtocol + +-- VSOnePhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSTwoPhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSBasicMulticastProtocol + +-- VSReliableMulticastProtocol +``` + +### Implementing a Custom Protocol + +Each protocol class must implement the following methods: + +* A public constructor: Must specify whether the client or the server initiates requests, using `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START` or `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_SERVER_START`. +* `onClientInit()` / `onServerInit()`: Called once before the protocol is first used. Used to initialize protocol variables and attributes via the VSPrefs methods (e.g. `initVector`, `initLong`). Variables initialized this way appear in the process editor and can be configured by the user. +* `onClientReset()` / `onServerReset()`: Called each time the simulation is reset. +* `onClientStart()` / `onServerStart()`: Called when the client/server initiates a request. Typically creates and sends a `VSMessage` object. +* `onClientRecv(VSMessage)` / `onServerRecv(VSMessage)`: Called when a message arrives. +* `onClientSchedule()` / `onServerSchedule()`: Called when a scheduled alarm fires. +* `toString()`: Optional. Customizes log output for this protocol. + +### Available API Methods + +Methods inherited from `VSAbstractProtocol`: + +* `sendMessage(VSMessage message)`: Sends a protocol message (automatically updates Lamport and Vector timestamps) +* `hasOnServerStart()`: Whether the server or client initiates requests +* `isServer()` / `isClient()`: Whether the current process has the protocol activated as server/client +* `scheduleAt(long time)`: Creates an alarm that fires at the given local process time, triggering `onClientSchedule()` or `onServerSchedule()` +* `removeSchedules()`: Cancels all pending alarms in the current context +* `getNumProcesses()`: Returns the total number of processes in the simulation + +Process methods available via the inherited `process` attribute: + +* `getTime()` / `setTime(long)`: Get/set the local process time +* `getGlobalTime()`: Get the current global simulation time +* `getClockVariance()` / `setClockVariance(float)`: Get/set the clock drift +* `getLamportTime()` / `setLamportTime(long)`: Get/set the Lamport timestamp +* `getVectorTime()` / `updateVectorTime(VSVectorTime)`: Get/update the vector timestamp +* `getProcessID()`: Get the process PID +* `isCrashed()` / `isCrashed(boolean)`: Check or set crash state +* `getRandomPercentage()`: Get a random value between 0 and 100 + +Message methods (`VSMessage`): + +* `new VSMessage()`: Create a new message +* `getMessageID()`: Get the message NID +* `setBoolean(key, value)` / `getBoolean(key)`: Set/get boolean data +* `setInteger(key, value)` / `getInteger(key)`: Set/get integer data +* `setLong(key, value)` / `getLong(key)`: Set/get long data +* `setString(key, value)` / `getString(key)`: Set/get string data +* `getSendingProcess()`: Get a reference to the sending process +* `isServerMessage()`: Whether it's a server or client message + +### Example: Reliable Multicast Implementation + +Here is a condensed example showing key parts of the Reliable Multicast Protocol implementation: + +```java +public class VSReliableMulticastProtocol extends VSAbstractProtocol { + public VSReliableMulticastProtocol() { + // The client initiates requests + super(VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START); + super.setClassname(super.getClass().toString()); + } + + private ArrayList<Integer> pids; + + // Initialize protocol variables (editable in the process editor) + public void onClientInit() { + Vector<Integer> vec = new Vector<Integer>(); + vec.add(1); vec.add(3); + super.initVector("pids", vec, "PIDs of participating processes"); + super.initLong("timeout", 2500, "Time until resend", "ms"); + } + + // Send multicast to all servers that haven't ACKed yet + public void onClientStart() { + if (pids.size() != 0) { + long timeout = super.getLong("timeout") + process.getTime(); + super.scheduleAt(timeout); + VSMessage message = new VSMessage(); + message.setBoolean("isMulticast", true); + super.sendMessage(message); + } + } + + // Handle ACK from a server + public void onClientRecv(VSMessage recvMessage) { + if (pids.size() != 0 && recvMessage.getBoolean("isAck")) { + Integer pid = recvMessage.getIntegerObj("pid"); + if (pids.contains(pid)) + pids.remove(pid); + super.log("ACK from Process " + pid + " received!"); + if (pids.size() == 0) { + super.log("ACKs from all processes received!"); + super.removeSchedules(); + } + } + } + + // Retry on timeout + public void onClientSchedule() { onClientStart(); } +} +``` + +## Installation + +The modernized ds-sim requires Java 21 or higher and Maven 3.8 or higher. + +``` +# Clone the repository +git clone https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim.git +cd ds-sim + +# Set JAVA_HOME if needed (e.g. on Fedora Linux) +export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk + +# Build the project +mvn clean package + +# Run the simulator +java -jar target/ds-sim-*.jar +``` + +For a faster development build without running tests: + +``` +mvn package -DskipTests +``` -### Event Types Available: +After building, the following artifacts are available in the `target/` directory: -* Process crash -* Process revival -* 1-Phase Commit Protocol events -* 2-Phase Commit Protocol events -* Basic Multicast Protocol events +* `ds-sim-1.0.1.jar` - Executable JAR with all dependencies bundled +* `original-ds-sim-1.0.1.jar` - JAR without dependencies -The event editor allows users to: +The project also includes 141 unit tests that can be run with `mvn test`. Example simulation files for all built-in protocols are included in the `saved-simulations/` directory. -* Copy or delete selected events (right-click functionality) -* Select multiple events using Ctrl key -* Edit time and PID values after creation -* Move events to different times or assign to different processes +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim source code on Codeberg -> **Important**: Remember to press Enter after changing event occurrence times, otherwise the changes won't take effect. +## Project Statistics -## Summary +The original VS-Sim project (August 2008) was written in Java 6 and consisted of: -The expert mode significantly extends the simulator's capabilities, providing: +* 61 source files across 12 Java packages +* Approximately 15,710 lines of code +* 2.2 MB of generated Javadoc documentation +* 142 KB compiled JAR file +* 10 built-in protocols +* 163 configurable settings -* Enhanced visualization options with Lamport and vector timestamps -* Global event programming in addition to local events -* Advanced log filtering for complex simulations -* Anti-aliasing for improved graphics -* Direct PID selection for event programming +The modernized successor ds-sim has been updated to Java 21 and translated to English. -These features make the simulator more powerful for advanced distributed systems simulation while maintaining the option to work in simple mode for basic use cases. +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim source code on Codeberg E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` diff --git a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi.tpl b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi.tpl index 701dfee3..18ea59b5 100644 --- a/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi.tpl +++ b/gemfeed/DRAFT-distributed-systems-simulator.gmi.tpl @@ -1,12 +1,18 @@ # Distributed Systems Simulator -This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Simulator program I've created specifically for simulating distributed systems protocols, offering both built-in implementations of common algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. +> DRAFT - Not yet published + +This blog explores the Java-based Distributed Systems Simulator program I created as my diploma thesis at the Aachen University of Applied Sciences (August 2008). The simulator offers both built-in implementations of common distributed systems algorithms and an extensible framework that allows researchers and practitioners to implement and test their own custom protocols within the simulation environment. + +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim on Codeberg (modernized, English-translated version) + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot.png Screenshot: The Distributed Systems Simulator running a Broadcast protocol simulation with 6 processes. The visualization shows message lines between process bars, with blue indicating delivered messages and green indicating messages still in transit. << template::inline::toc ## Motivation -Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault toleranceβall within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. +Distributed systems are notoriously complex, with intricate interactions between multiple nodes, network partitions, and failure scenarios that can be difficult to understand and debug in production environments. A distributed systems simulator provides an invaluable learning tool that allows developers and students to experiment with different architectures, observe how systems behave under various failure conditions, and gain hands-on experience with concepts like consensus algorithms, replication strategies, and fault tolerance -- all within a controlled, repeatable environment. By abstracting away the operational overhead of managing real distributed infrastructure, simulators enable focused exploration of system design principles and help bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of how distributed systems actually work in the real world. In the literature, one can find many different definitions of a distributed system. Many of these definitions differ from each other, making it difficult to find a single definition that stands alone as the correct one. Andrew Tanenbaum and Maarten van Steen chose the following loose characterization for describing a distributed system: @@ -18,6 +24,8 @@ This thesis aims to make it easier for users to view distributed systems from a To achieve this goal, a simulator was developed, particularly for teaching and learning purposes at the University of Applied Sciences Aachen. With the simulator, protocols from distributed systems with their most important influencing factors can be replicated through simulations. At the same time, there is ample room for personal experiments, with no restriction to a fixed number of protocols. It is therefore important that users are enabled to design their own protocols. +The original simulator (VS-Sim) was written in Java 6 in 2008 with a German-language UI. In 2025, I revamped and modernized it as ds-sim: The entire codebase and UI were translated from German to English. The build system was migrated from hand-rolled Ant scripts to Maven. The Java baseline was upgraded from Java 6 to Java 21, adopting modern language features such as sealed class hierarchies, record types, formatted strings, and pattern matching. A proper exception hierarchy and consistent error handling were introduced. Comprehensive Javadoc documentation was added to all public APIs. A headless testing framework was implemented, bringing the project to 141 unit tests covering core components, the event system, and all protocol implementations. The project structure was reorganized to follow standard Maven conventions, and architecture documentation was added. In total, the modernization touched 199 files with over 15,000 lines of new code. Back in 2008, I wrote every single line by hand using the Vim editor. For the 2025 modernization, I could rely on Claude Code for most of the heavy lifting -- the translation, the refactoring, the test generation, the documentation. It is insane how times have changed. + ## Fundamentals For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper exploration will follow in later chapters. @@ -25,15 +33,15 @@ For basic understanding, some fundamentals are explained below. A deeper explora ### Client/Server Model ``` -βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ -β β -β ββββββββββ ββββββββββ β -β β Client ββ-------βΊβ Server β β -β ββββββββββ ββββββββββ β -β β -β Sending of Messages β -β β -βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ ++-----------------------------------------+ +| | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | Client |<------->| Server | | +| +--------+ +--------+ | +| | +| Sending of Messages | +| | ++-----------------------------------------+ Figure 1.1: Client/Server Model ``` @@ -55,213 +63,730 @@ In a simulation, there is exactly one global clock. It represents the current an Additionally, each participating process has its own local clock. It represents the current time of the respective process. Unlike the global clock, local clocks can display an incorrect time. If the process time is not globally correct (not equal to the global time, or displays an incorrect time), then it was either reset during a simulation, or it is running incorrectly due to clock drift. The clock drift indicates by what factor the clock is running incorrectly. This will be discussed in more detail later. ``` -βββββββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β Process 1 β β Process 2 β -β β β β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β β βββββββββββββββββββ β -β βServer Protocol Aβ β β βClient Protocol Aβ β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β β βββββββββββββββββββ β -β β β β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β βClient Protocol Bβ β -β βββββββββββββββββββ β βββββββββββββββββββββββ -β β β Process 3 β -βββββββββββββββββββββββ β β - β βββββββββββββββββββ β - β βServer Protocol Bβ β - β βββββββββββββββββββ β - β β - βββββββββββββββββββββββ ++---------------------+ +---------------------+ +| Process 1 | | Process 2 | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| |Server Protocol A| | | |Client Protocol A| | +| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | +| | | | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| |Client Protocol B| | +| +-----------------+ | +---------------------+ +| | | Process 3 | ++---------------------+ | | + | +-----------------+ | + | |Server Protocol B| | + | +-----------------+ | + | | + +---------------------+ Figure 1.2: Client/Server Protocols ``` -In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in Chapter 3.11.1. +In addition to normal clocks, vector timestamps and Lamport's logical clocks are also of interest. For vector and Lamport times, there are no global equivalents here, unlike normal time. Concrete examples of Lamport and vector times will be covered later in the "Additional Examples" section. ### Events A simulation consists of the sequential execution of finitely many events. For example, there can be an event that causes a process to send a message. A process crash event would also be conceivable. Each event occurs at a specific point in time. Events with the same occurrence time are executed directly one after another by the simulator. However, this does not hinder the simulator's users, as events are executed in parallel from their perspective. +Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as: + +* Message receive events: Triggered when a message arrives at a recipient process +* Protocol schedule events (alarms): Triggered by a timer set by a protocol, e.g. for retransmission timeouts +* Random events: Such as random process crashes based on configured crash probability + ### Protocols A simulation also consists of the application of protocols. It has already been mentioned that a process can take on the roles of servers and/or clients. For each server and client role, the associated protocol must also be specified. A protocol defines how a client and a server send messages, and how they react when a message arrives. A protocol also determines what data is contained in a message. A process only processes a received message if it understands the respective protocol. In Figure 1.2, 3 processes are shown. Process 1 supports protocol "A" on the server side and protocol "B" on the client side. Process 2 supports protocol "A" on the client side and Process 3 supports protocol "B" on the server side. This means that Process 1 can communicate with Process 2 via protocol "A" and with Process 3 via protocol "B". Processes 2 and 3 are incompatible with each other and cannot process messages received from each other. -Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol in Chapter 3.3). +Clients cannot communicate with clients, and servers cannot communicate with servers. For communication, at least one client and one server are always required. However, this restriction can be circumvented by having processes support a given protocol on both the server and client sides (see Broadcast Protocol later). -# Graphical User Interface (GUI) +## Graphical User Interface (GUI) -## Simple Mode +### Simple Mode -![Figure 2.1: The simulator after first launch] +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ds-sim-screenshot2.png Screenshot: The simulator showing the settings dialog. The visualization area displays process bars with message lines between them. The settings window allows configuring simulation parameters like number of processes, simulation duration, clock drift, message loss probability, and more. The simulator requires JDK 21 and can be started with the command `java -jar target/ds-sim-VERSION.jar` -The simulator then presents itself as shown in Figure 2.1. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu (see Fig. 2.2), after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. +The simulator then presents itself with a main window. To create a new simulation, select "New Simulation" from the "File" menu, after which the settings window for the new simulation appears. The individual options will be discussed in more detail later, and for now, only the default settings will be used. By default, the simulator starts in "simple mode". There is also an "expert mode", which will be discussed later. ### The Menu Bar -In the File menu (see Fig. 2.2), you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. +In the File menu, you can create new simulations or close the currently open simulation. New simulations open by default in a new tab. However, you can also open or close new simulation windows that have their own tabs. Each tab contains a simulation that is completely independent from the others. This allows any number of simulations to be run in parallel. The menu items "Open", "Save" and "Save As" are used for loading and saving simulations. -![Figure 2.2: File Menu] - -Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. This will also be discussed in more detail later. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. +Through the Edit menu, users can access the simulation settings, which will be discussed in more detail later. This menu also lists all participating processes for editing. If the user selects a process there, the corresponding process editor opens. The Simulator menu offers the same options as the toolbar, which is described in the next section. Some menu items are only accessible when a simulation has already been created or loaded in the current window. -![Figure 2.3: A new simulation] - ### The Toolbar -The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator (see Fig. 2.4). The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. - -The toolbar offers four different functions: - -![Figure 2.4: The menu line including toolbar] +The toolbar is located at the top left of the simulator. The toolbar contains the functions most frequently needed by users. The toolbar offers four different functions: * Reset simulation: can only be activated when the simulation has been paused or has finished -* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started +* Repeat simulation: cannot be activated if the simulation has not yet been started * Pause simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is currently running * Start simulation: can only be activated when the simulation is not currently running and has not yet finished ### The Visualization -![Figure 2.5: Visualization of a simulation that has not yet been started] - -The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. Figure 2.5 shows 3 processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. - -![Figure 2.6: Right-click on a process bar] +The graphical simulation visualization is located in the center right. The X-axis shows the time in milliseconds, and all participating processes are listed on the Y-axis. The demo simulation ends after exactly 15 seconds. The visualization shows processes (with PIDs 1, 2, and 3), each with its own horizontal black bar. On these process bars, users can read the respective local process time. The vertical red line represents the global simulation time. The process bars also serve as start and end points for messages. For example, if Process 1 sends a message to Process 2, a line is drawn from one process bar to the other. Messages that a process sends to itself are not visualized but are logged in the log window (more on this later). -Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options (see Fig. 2.6). A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. +Another way to open a process editor is to left-click on the process bar belonging to the process. A right-click, on the other hand, opens a popup window with additional options. A process can only be forced to crash or be revived via the popup menu during a running simulation. In general, the number of processes can vary as desired. The simulation duration is at least 5 and at most 120 seconds. The simulation only ends when the global time reaches the specified simulation end time (here 15 seconds), not when a local process time reaches this end time. ### Color Differentiation -Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the colors listed in Table 2.1. These are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings. +Colors help to better interpret the processes of a simulation. By default, processes (process bars) and messages are displayed with the following colors (these are only the default colors, which can be changed via the settings): ``` -Table 2.1: Color differentiation of processes and messages - -| Process Color | Meaning | -|---------------|---------------------------------------------------| -| Black | The simulation is not currently running | -| Orange | The mouse is over the process bar | -| Red | The process has crashed | - -| Message Color | Meaning | -|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| Green | The message is still in transit and has not yet reached its destination | -| Blue | The message has successfully reached its destination | -| Red | The message was lost | +Process Colors: + Black - The simulation is not currently running + Green - The process is running normally + Orange - The mouse is over the process bar + Red - The process has crashed + +Message Colors: + Green - The message is still in transit + Blue - The message has successfully reached its destination + Red - The message was lost ``` ### The Sidebar -![Figure 2.7: The sidebar with empty event editor] - -The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top of Figure 2.7, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events (none present here yet) along with their occurrence times and PIDs. +The sidebar is used to program process events. At the top, the process to be managed is selected (here with PID 1). In this process selection, there is also the option to select "All Processes", which displays all programmed events of all processes simultaneously. "Local events" are those events that occur when a certain local time of the associated process has been reached. The event table below lists all programmed events along with their occurrence times and PIDs. -![Figure 2.8: The event editor with 3 programmed events] - -To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar (see Fig. 2.6) and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table (see Fig. 2.9), enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". For example, in Figure 2.8, three events were added: crash after 123ms, revival after 321ms, and another crash after 3000ms of the process with ID 1. - -![Figure 2.9: Event selection via sidebar] +To create a new event, the user can either right-click on a process bar and select "Insert local event", or select an event below the event table, enter the event occurrence time in the text field below, and click "Apply". Right-clicking on the event editor allows you to either copy or delete all selected events. Using the Ctrl key, multiple events can be selected simultaneously. The entries in the Time and PID columns can be edited afterwards. This provides a convenient way to move already programmed events to a different time or assign them to a different process. However, users should ensure that they press the Enter key after changing the event occurrence time, otherwise the change will be ineffective. -In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process (see Fig. 2.13 left). There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. +In addition to the Events tab, the sidebar has another tab called "Variables". Behind this tab is the process editor of the currently selected process. There, all variables of the process can be edited, providing another way to access a process editor. ### The Log Window -The log window (see Fig. 2.3, bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. Figure 2.10 shows the log window after creating the demo simulation with 3 participating processes. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. - -![Figure 2.10: The log window] +The log window (at the bottom) logs all occurring events in chronological order. At the beginning of each log entry, the global time in milliseconds is always logged. For each process, its local times as well as the Lamport and vector timestamps are also listed. After the time information, additional details are provided, such as which message was sent with what content and which protocol it belongs to. This will be demonstrated later with examples. ``` 000000ms: New Simulation 000000ms: New Process; PID: 1; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 2; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) 000000ms: New Process; PID: 3; Local Time: 000000ms; Lamport time: 0; Vector time: (0,0,0) +``` + +By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. + +### Expert Mode + +The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. + +In expert mode, the following additional features become available: + +* Global events: In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. Global events are triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached, rather than a local process time. This only makes a difference when local process times differ from the global time (e.g. due to clock drift). +* Direct PID selection: The user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. +* Lamport and Vector time switches: If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. Only one can be active at a time to maintain clarity. +* Anti-aliasing switch: Allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing for smoother graphics. Disabled by default for performance reasons. +* Log filter: A regular expression filter (Java syntax) that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. For example, `"PID: (1|2)"` shows only log lines containing "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". The filter can be activated retroactively and during a running simulation. + +### Configuration Settings + +The simulation settings window allows configuring many aspects of the simulation. Key settings include: + +* Processes receive own messages (default: false): Whether processes can receive messages they sent to themselves. +* Average message loss probabilities (default: true): Whether to average the loss probabilities of sender and receiver processes. +* Average transmission times (default: true): Whether to average the transmission times of sender and receiver processes. +* Show only relevant messages (default: true): Hides messages sent to processes that don't support the protocol. +* Expert mode (default: false): Enables expert mode features. +* Simulation speed (default: 0.5): The playback speed factor. A value of 1 means real-time, 0.5 means half speed. +* Number of processes (default: 3): Can also be changed during simulation via right-click. +* Simulation duration (default: 15s): Between 5 and 120 seconds. + +Each process also has individual settings: + +* Clock drift (default: 0.0): By what factor the local clock deviates. A value of 0.0 means no deviation. A value of 1.0 means double speed. Values > -1.0 are allowed. +* Random crash probability (default: 0%): Probability that the process crashes randomly during the simulation. +* Message loss probability (default: 0%): Probability that a message sent by this process is lost in transit. +* Min/Max transmission time (default: 500ms/2000ms): The range for random message delivery times. + +## Protocols and Examples + +The simulator comes with 10 built-in protocols. As described earlier, protocols are distinguished between server-side and client-side. Servers can respond to client messages, and clients can respond to server messages. Each process can support any number of protocols on both the client and server side. Users can also implement their own protocols using the simulator's Protocol API (see the Protocol API section). + +The program directory contains a `saved-simulations` folder with example simulations for each protocol as serialized `.dat` files. + +### Dummy Protocol + +The Dummy Protocol serves only as a template for creating custom protocols. When using the Dummy Protocol, only log messages are output when events occur. No further actions are performed. + +### Ping-Pong Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong.png Visualization: The Ping-Pong Protocol showing two processes (P1 and P2) exchanging messages in a continuous back-and-forth pattern. Blue lines represent delivered messages bouncing between the process bars over a 15-second simulation. + +In the Ping-Pong Protocol, two processes -- Client P1 and Server P2 -- constantly send messages back and forth. The Ping-Pong client starts the first request, to which the server responds to the client. The client then responds again, and so on. Each message includes a counter that is incremented at each station and logged in the log window. + +``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +It is important that Process 1 activates its Ping-Pong client before starting a Ping-Pong client request. Before a process can start a request, it must have the corresponding protocol activated. This also applies to all other protocols. + +**Ping-Pong Storm Variant** + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/ping-pong-storm.png Visualization: The Ping-Pong Storm variant with three processes. P1 is the client, P2 and P3 are both servers. The visualization shows an exponentially growing number of messages as each client message generates two server responses, creating a dense web of blue and green message lines. + +By adding a third process P3 as an additional Ping-Pong server, a Ping-Pong "Storm" can be realized. Since every client message now receives two server responses, the number of messages doubles with each round, creating an exponential message flood. -β‘ Expert mode β Logging ``` +Programmed Ping-Pong Storm Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Ping-Pong Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Ping-Pong Client request start | +``` + +### Broadcast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/broadcast.png Visualization: The Broadcast Protocol with 6 processes (P1-P6). Dense crossing message lines show how a broadcast from P1 propagates to all processes, with each process re-broadcasting to others. Blue lines indicate delivered messages, green lines indicate messages still in transit. -By deactivating the logging switch, message logging can be temporarily disabled. With logging deactivated, no new messages are written to the log window. After reactivating the switch, all omitted messages are subsequently written to the window. Deactivated logging can lead to improved simulator performance. This is due to the very slow Java implementation of the JTextArea class, which performs updates very sluggishly. +The Broadcast Protocol behaves similarly to the Ping-Pong Protocol. The difference is that the protocol tracks -- using a unique Broadcast ID -- which messages have already been sent. Each process re-broadcasts all received messages to others, provided it has not already sent them. -## Expert Mode +In this case, no distinction is made between client and server, so that the same action is performed when a message arrives at either side. This makes it possible, using multiple processes, to create a broadcast. P1 is the client and starts a request at 0ms and 2500ms. The simulation duration is exactly 5000ms. Since a client can only receive server messages and a server can only receive client messages, every process in this simulation is both server and client. + +``` +Programmed Broadcast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Client activate | +| 0 | 1-6 | Broadcast Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Broadcast Client request start | +``` -The simulator can be operated in two different modes: simple mode and expert mode. The simulator starts in simple mode by default, so users don't have to deal with the simulator's full functionality all at once. Simple mode is clearer but offers fewer functions. Expert mode is more suitable for experienced users and accordingly offers more flexibility. Expert mode can be activated or deactivated via the switch of the same name below the log window or via the simulation settings. Figure 2.11 shows the simulator in expert mode. When comparing expert mode with simple mode, several differences are noticeable: +### Internal Synchronization Protocol -![Figure 2.11: The Simulator in Expert Mode] +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/int-sync.png Visualization: Internal Synchronization with 2 processes. P1 (client, clock drift 0.1) shows a faster-running clock reaching 15976ms by simulation end. The blue message lines show P1 periodically synchronizing with P2 (server, no drift), with the time corrections visible as slight adjustments in P1's timeline. -### New Functions in the Sidebar +The Internal Synchronization Protocol is used for synchronizing the local process time, which can be applied when a process time is running incorrectly due to clock drift. When the client wants to synchronize its (incorrect) local process time t_c with a server, it sends a client request. The server responds with its own local process time t_s, allowing the client to calculate a new, more accurate time for itself. -The first difference is visible in the sidebar (see Fig. 2.12). In addition to local events, global events can now also be edited. As already mentioned, local events are those events that occur when a specific local time of the associated process has been reached. Global events, on the other hand, are those events that occur when a specific global time has been reached. A global event takes the global simulation time and a local event takes the local process time as the entry criterion. Global events thus only make a difference when the local process times differ from the global time. +After receiving the server response, the client P1 calculates its new local process time as: -Furthermore, the user can directly select the associated PID when programming a new event. In simple mode, the PID of the currently selected process (in the topmost ComboBox) was always used by default (here with PID 1). +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * (t'_min + t'_max) +``` -![Figure 2.12: The Sidebar in Expert Mode] +This synchronizes P1's local time with an error of less than 1/2 * (t'_max - t'_min), where t'_min and t'_max are the assumed minimum and maximum transmission times configured in the protocol settings. -### Lamport Time, Vector Time, and Anti-Aliasing Switches +In the example, the client process has a clock drift of 0.1 and the server has 0.0. The client starts a request at local process times 0ms, 5000ms, and 10000ms. By simulation end, P1's time is synchronized to 15976ms (an error of -976ms from the global 15000ms). -Further differences are noticeable below the log window. Among other things, there are two new switches "Lamport time" and "Vector time". If the user activates one of these two switches, the Lamport or vector timestamps are displayed in the visualization. To maintain clarity, the user can only have one of these two switches activated at the same time. +``` +Programmed Internal Sync Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +``` -The anti-aliasing switch allows the user to activate or deactivate anti-aliasing. With anti-aliasing, all graphics in the visualization are displayed with rounded edges (see [Bra03]). For performance reasons, anti-aliasing is not active by default. +Protocol variables (client-side): -### The Log Filter +* Min. transmission time (Long: 500): The assumed t'_min in milliseconds +* Max. transmission time (Long: 2000): The assumed t'_max in milliseconds -As a simulation becomes more complex, the entries in the log window become increasingly confusing. Here it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of all events. To counteract this, expert mode includes a log filter that makes it possible to filter only the essential data from the logs. +These can differ from the actual message transmission times t_min and t_max, allowing simulation of scenarios where the protocol is misconfigured and large synchronization errors occur. -The log filter is activated and deactivated using the associated "Filter" switch. A regular expression in Java syntax can be entered in the input line behind it. The use of regular expressions using Java is covered in [Fri06]. For example, with `"PID: (1|2)"` only log lines are displayed that contain either "PID: 1" or "PID: 2". All other lines that only contain "PID: 3", for example, are not displayed. With the log filter, only the log lines that match the specified regular expression are displayed. The log filter can also be activated retroactively, as already logged events are filtered again after each filter change. +### Christian's Method (External Synchronization) -The log filter can also be used during a running simulation. When the filter is deactivated, all messages are displayed again. Log messages that have never been displayed due to the filter are then displayed retroactively. +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/christians.png Visualization: Comparison of Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3) with P2 as shared server. Both P1 and P3 have clock drift 0.1. The visualization shows P1 synchronized to 14567ms (error: -433ms) while P3 synchronized to 15539ms (error: -539ms), demonstrating the different accuracy of the two methods. -![Figure 2.13: The Process Editor in the Sidebar] +Christian's Method uses the RTT (Round Trip Time) to approximate the transmission time of individual messages. When the client wants to synchronize its local time t_c with a server, it sends a request and measures the RTT t_rtt until the server response arrives. The server response contains the local process time t_s from the moment the server sent the response. The client then calculates its new local time as: -## Events +``` +t_c := t_s + 1/2 * t_rtt +``` -Two main types of events are distinguished: programmable events and non-programmable events. Programmable events can be programmed and edited in the event editor, and their occurrence times depend on the local process clocks or the global clock. Non-programmable events, on the other hand, cannot be programmed in the event editor and do not occur because of a specific time, but due to other circumstances such as the arrival of a message or the execution of an action due to an alarm (more on this later). +The accuracy is +/- (1/2 * t_rtt - u_min) where u_min is a lower bound for message transmission time. -### Key Features of Events: +The visualization compares both synchronization methods side by side: P1 uses Internal Synchronization and P3 uses Christian's Method, with P2 serving both. Both P1 and P3 have clock drift 0.1. In this particular run, Internal Synchronization achieved a better result (-433ms error vs. -539ms), though results vary between runs due to random transmission times. + +``` +Programmed Comparison Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|--------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client activate | +| 0 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 0 | 2 | Christian's Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Internal Sync Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 5000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 5000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +| 10000 | 1 | Internal Sync Client request start | +| 10000 | 3 | Christian's Client request start | +``` + +### Berkeley Algorithm + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/berkeley.png Visualization: The Berkeley Algorithm with 3 processes. P2 is the server (coordinator) sending time requests to clients P1 and P3. After collecting responses, P2 calculates correction values and sends them back. Final times show P1=16823ms, P2=14434ms, P3=13892ms -- all brought closer together through averaging. + +The Berkeley Algorithm is another method for synchronizing local clocks. This is the first protocol where the server initiates the requests. The server acts as a coordinator. The client processes are passive and must wait until a server request arrives. The server must know which client processes participate in the protocol, which is configured in the server's protocol settings. + +When the server wants to synchronize its local time t_s and the process times t_i of the clients (i = 1,...,n), it sends a server request. n is the number of participating clients. The clients then send their local process times back to the server. The server measures the RTTs r_i for all client responses. + +After all responses are received, the server sets its own time to the average t_avg of all known process times (including its own). The transmission time of a client response is estimated as half the RTT: + +``` +t_avg := 1/(n+1) * (t_s + SUM(r_i/2 + t_i)) +t_s := t_avg +``` + +The server then calculates a correction value k_i := t_avg - t_i for each client and sends it back. Each client sets its new time to t'_i := t'_i + k_i. + +``` +Programmed Berkeley Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|-----------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | Berkeley Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +| 7500 | 2 | Berkeley Server request start | +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: [1,3]): The PIDs of the Berkeley client processes. The protocol will not work if a non-existent PID is specified or if the process does not support the Berkeley protocol on the client side. + +### One-Phase Commit Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/one-phase-commit.png Visualization: The One-Phase Commit Protocol with 3 processes. P1 crashes at 1000ms (shown in red) and recovers at 5000ms. P2 (server) periodically sends commit requests. The red lines show lost messages during P1's crash period, while blue lines show successful message exchanges after recovery. + +The One-Phase Commit Protocol is designed to move any number of clients to a commit. In practice, this could be creating or deleting a file that each client has a local copy of. The server is the coordinator and initiates the commit request. The server periodically resends the commit request until every client has acknowledged it. For this purpose, the PIDs of all participating client processes and a timer for resending must be configured. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. P1 crashes at 1000ms and recovers at 5000ms. The first two commit requests fail to reach P1 due to its crash. Only the third attempt succeeds. Each client acknowledges a commit request only once. + +``` +Programmed One-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 1-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 1-Phase Commit Server request start | +| 1000 | 1 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 1 | Process revival | +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the commit request +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): The client process PIDs that should commit + +### Two-Phase Commit Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/two-phase-commit.png Visualization: The Two-Phase Commit Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (server) orchestrates a two-phase voting process with clients P1 and P3. The complex message pattern shows the voting phase followed by the commit/abort phase, with messages crossing between all three processes over a 10-second simulation. + +The Two-Phase Commit Protocol is an extension of the One-Phase Commit Protocol. The server first sends a request to all participating clients asking whether they want to commit. Each client responds with true or false. The server periodically retries until all results are collected. After receiving all votes, the server checks whether all clients voted true. If at least one client voted false, the commit process is aborted and a global result of false is sent to all clients. If all voted true, the global result true is sent. The global result is periodically resent until each client acknowledges receipt. + +In the example, P1 and P3 are clients and P2 is the server. The server sends its first request at 0ms. Here both P1 and P3 vote true, so the commit proceeds. + +``` +Programmed Two-Phase Commit Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 1 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server activate | +| 0 | 3 | 2-Phase Commit Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | 2-Phase Commit Server request start | +``` -* Local Eventsi: Triggered when a specific local time of the associated process is reached -* Global Eventsi: (Expert Mode only): Triggered when a specific global simulation time is reached -* Event Programmingi: Users can add events by: Right-clicking on a process bar and selecting "Insert local event", using the event editor in the sidebar or by sssssssssssthe event time and type +Example log extract showing the two-phase voting process: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: wantVote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +000905ms: PID 3: Message sent; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Integer: pid=3; Boolean: isVote=true; vote=true +000905ms: PID 3: Vote true sent +001880ms: PID 2: Message received; ID: 95; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001880ms: PID 2: Vote from Process 3 received! Result: true +001947ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 94; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit +001947ms: PID 1: Vote true sent +003137ms: PID 2: Votes from all participating processes received! + Global result: true +003137ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 99; Protocol: 2-Phase Commit + Boolean: isVoteResult=true; voteResult=true +004124ms: PID 1: Global vote result received. Result: true +006051ms: PID 2: All participants have acknowledged the vote +010000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Client PIDs that should vote and commit + +Protocol variables (client-side): + +* Commit probability (Integer: ackProb = 50): The probability in percent that the client votes true (for commit) + +### Basic Multicast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/basic-multicast.png Visualization: The Basic Multicast Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (client) sends periodic multicast messages to servers P1 and P3. P3 crashes at 3000ms (shown in red) and recovers at 6000ms. Red lines indicate lost messages, blue lines show delivered messages. Some messages to P1 are also lost due to the 30% message loss probability. + +The Basic Multicast Protocol is very simple. The client always initiates the request, which represents a simple multicast message. The Basic Multicast servers serve only to receive the message. No acknowledgments are sent. The client P2 sends a multicast message every 2500ms to servers P1 and P3. + +P1 can only receive multicast messages after 2500ms because it does not support the protocol before then. P3 is crashed from 3000ms to 6000ms and also cannot receive messages during that time. Each process has a 30% message loss probability, so some messages are lost in transit (shown in red). + +In this example, the 3rd multicast message to P3 and the 5th and 6th messages to P1 were lost. Only the 4th multicast message reached both destinations. + +``` +Programmed Basic Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|----------------------------------------| +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 3 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Basic Multicast Server activate | +| 2500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 5000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 6000 | 3 | Process revival | +| 7500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 10000 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +| 12500 | 2 | Basic Multicast Client request start | +``` + +### Reliable Multicast Protocol + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/reliable-multicast.png Visualization: The Reliable Multicast Protocol with 3 processes. P2 (client) sends multicast messages to servers P1 and P3, retrying until acknowledgments are received from all servers. P3 crashes at 3000ms and recovers at 10000ms. Red lines show lost messages, blue lines show delivered ones. Despite failures, all servers eventually receive and acknowledge the multicast. + +In the Reliable Multicast Protocol, the client periodically resends its multicast message until it has received an acknowledgment from all participating servers. After each retry, the client "forgets" which servers have already acknowledged, so each new attempt must be acknowledged again by all participants. + +In the example, P2 is the client and P1 and P3 are the servers. At 0ms, the client initiates its multicast message. The message loss probability is set to 30% on all processes. The client needs exactly 5 attempts until successful delivery: + +* Attempt 1: P1 doesn't support the protocol yet. P3 receives the message but its ACK is lost. +* Attempt 2: The message to P1 is lost. P3 receives it but is crashed and can't process it. +* Attempt 3: P1 receives the message and ACKs successfully. The message to P3 is lost. +* Attempt 4: P1 receives and ACKs again. P3 receives it but is still crashed. +* Attempt 5: Both P1 and P3 receive the message and ACK successfully. + +``` +Programmed Reliable Multicast Events: + +| Time (ms) | PID | Event | +|-----------|-----|------------------------------------------| +| 0 | 3 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client activate | +| 0 | 2 | Reliable Multicast Client request start | +| 2500 | 1 | Reliable Multicast Server activate | +| 3000 | 3 | Process crash | +| 10000 | 3 | Process revival | +``` + +Example log extract: + +``` +000000ms: PID 2: Reliable Multicast Client activated +000000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +000000ms: PID 3: Reliable Multicast Server activated +001590ms: PID 3: Message received; ID: 280; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +001590ms: PID 3: ACK sent +002500ms: PID 1: Reliable Multicast Server activated +002500ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 282; Protocol: Reliable Multicast + Boolean: isMulticast=true +003000ms: PID 3: Crashed +005000ms: PID 2: Message sent; ID: 283; Protocol: Reliable Multicast +005952ms: PID 1: Message received; ID: 283 +005952ms: PID 1: ACK sent +007937ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 1 received! +... +011813ms: PID 2: ACK from Process 3 received! +011813ms: PID 2: ACKs from all participating processes received! +015000ms: Simulation ended +``` + +Protocol variables (server-side): + +* Time until resend (Long: timeout = 2500): Milliseconds to wait before resending the multicast +* PIDs of participating processes (Integer[]: pids = [1,3]): Server PIDs that should receive the multicast + +## Additional Examples + +### Lamport and Vector Timestamps + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/lamport-timestamps.png Visualization: Lamport Timestamps displayed on the Berkeley Algorithm simulation. Each event on a process bar shows its Lamport timestamp as a number in parentheses. The timestamps increase monotonically and are updated according to the Lamport clock rules when messages are sent and received between P1, P2, and P3. + +> "For many purposes, it is sufficient that all machines agree on the same time. It is not necessary that this time also agrees with real time, like every hour announced on the radio... For a certain class of algorithms, only the internal consistency of clocks is important." - Andrew Tanenbaum + +Clocks that provide such a time are also known as logical clocks. Two implementations are realized in the simulator: Lamport timestamps and vector timestamps. + +After activating the Lamport time switch in expert mode, the current Lamport timestamp appears at every event of a process. Each process has its own Lamport timestamp that is incremented when a message is sent or received. Each message carries the current Lamport time t_l(i) of the sending process i. When another process j receives this message, its Lamport timestamp t_l(j) is recalculated as: + +``` +t_l(j) := 1 + max(t_l(j), t_l(i)) +``` + +The larger Lamport time of the sender and receiver process is used and then incremented by 1. After the Berkeley simulation shown here, P1 has Lamport timestamp 16, P2 has 14, and P3 has 15. + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/vector-timestamps.png Visualization: Vector Timestamps displayed on the same Berkeley Algorithm simulation. Each event shows its vector timestamp as a tuple (v1,v2,v3) representing the known state of all three processes. The tuples grow as processes communicate and merge their knowledge of each other's progress. + +With the active vector time switch, all vector timestamps are displayed. Like the Lamport timestamp, each message includes the current vector timestamp of the sending process. With n participating processes, the vector timestamp v has size n. Each participating process i has its own index, accessible via v(i). When v is the vector timestamp of the receiving process j and w is the vector timestamp of the sending process, the new local vector timestamp of process j is calculated as follows: + +``` +for (i := 0; i < n; i++) { + if (i = j) { + v(i)++; + } else if (v(i) < w(i)) { + v(i) := w(i); + } +} +``` + +By default, the vector timestamp is only incremented when a message is sent or received. In both cases, the sender and receiver each increment their own index in the vector timestamp by 1. Upon receiving a message, the local vector timestamp is then compared with the sender's, and the larger value is taken for all indices. + +After the simulation, P1 has vector timestamp (8,10,6), P2 has (6,10,6), and P3 has (6,10,8). + +The simulation settings include boolean variables "Lamport times affect all events" and "Vector times affect all events" (both default to false). When set to true, all events (not just message send/receive) will update the timestamps. + +### Simulating Slow Connections + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/slow-connection.png Visualization: Slow connection simulation comparing Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3) with P2 as server. P3 has high transmission times (2000-8000ms) simulating a slow network connection. P1 synchronizes to 21446ms (error: -1446ms) while P3 only reaches 16557ms (error: -3443ms), showing how slow connections degrade synchronization quality. + +The simulator can also simulate slow connections to a specific process. This example revisits the comparison of Internal Synchronization (P1) and Christian's Method (P3), with P2 serving both. In this scenario, P3 has a poor network connection, so messages to and from P3 always require a longer transmission time. + +P3's minimum transmission time is set to 2000ms and maximum to 8000ms, while P1 and P2 keep the defaults (500ms/2000ms). The simulation duration is 20000ms. With the "Average transmission times" setting enabled, the effective transmission time for messages involving P3 is: + +``` +1/2 * (rand(500,2000) + rand(2000,8000)) = 1/2 * rand(2500,10000) = rand(1250,5000)ms +``` + +Because P3 starts a new request before receiving the answer to its previous one, and because it always associates server responses with its most recently sent request, its RTT calculations become incorrect on each round, and its local time is poorly synchronized. P1 synchronizes to 21446ms (error: -1446ms) while P3 only reaches 16557ms (error: -3443ms). + +### Raft Consensus Failover + +=> ./distributed-systems-simulator/raft-consensus-failover.png Screenshot: A 60-second Raft simulation with three processes. P1 starts as the initial leader, crashes at 3500ms, later recovers, P2 wins the reelection and remains leader, and P3 crashes later. The blue and red message lines show the continuing heartbeat and acknowledgment traffic during and after failover. + +While modernizing ds-sim, I also added a simplified Raft Consensus example. The simulation is intentionally small: three processes, one initial leader, one crash, a clean reelection, a recovery of the old leader, and then another crash later in the run. This makes it possible to see the most important Raft transitions without being overwhelmed by cluster size. + +The event log tells a very readable story. At `0ms`, `P1` starts as the initial leader in `term 0`. It immediately sends a heartbeat and an `appendEntry` message carrying the log entry `cmd1`. `P2` joins at `100ms`, `P3` at `1700ms`, and both acknowledge the leader's traffic. At that point the cluster is healthy: one leader, two followers, successful heartbeats, and successful log replication. + +At `3500ms`, `P1` crashes. The followers still process the last in-flight messages, but once the election timeout expires, `P2` becomes a candidate and sends a `voteRequest` for `term 1`. `P3` grants that vote, and at `9395ms` the log records the decisive line: + +``` +009395ms: PID: 2; ... Leader elected by majority vote: process 2 (term 1) +``` + +That transition is followed immediately by new heartbeats and a new `appendEntry`, which is exactly what you want to see in a Raft simulation: leadership is not just declared, it is exercised. + +At `12002ms`, the old leader `P1` recovers. Importantly, it does not try to reclaim control. Instead, it receives heartbeats from `P2` and answers with `heartbeatAck` messages, rejoining the cluster as a follower. That is one of the most useful teaching moments in the log, because it makes the term-based leadership model concrete: the recovered node does not become leader again just because it used to be one. + +At `20000ms`, `P3` crashes. The cluster continues running with `P2` as leader and `P1` as follower for the rest of the 60-second simulation. The log remains dominated by periodic heartbeats from `P2` and acknowledgments from `P1`, showing that the system stays stable even after a second failure. + +This single scenario demonstrates several core Raft properties in one replay: + +* Stable startup leadership +* Heartbeats and follower acknowledgments +* Log replication +* Leader failure detection +* Majority-based reelection +* Safe reintegration of a recovered former leader +* Continued service after a later follower crash + +It is also a good example of why a simulator is useful for distributed systems. In a real production system, reconstructing this sort of sequence would require stitching together logs from multiple nodes. Here, the message flow, the crashes, the recoveries, and the Lamport/vector timestamps are all visible in one place. + +## Protocol API + +The simulator was designed from the ground up to be extensible. Users can implement their own protocols in Java by extending the `VSAbstractProtocol` base class. Each protocol has its own class in the `protocols.implementations` package. + +### Class Hierarchy + +``` +VSAbstractEvent + +-- VSAbstractProtocol (base class for all protocols) + +-- VSDummyProtocol + +-- VSPingPongProtocol + +-- VSBroadcastProtocol + +-- VSInternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSExternalTimeSyncProtocol + +-- VSBerkeleyTimeProtocol + +-- VSOnePhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSTwoPhaseCommitProtocol + +-- VSBasicMulticastProtocol + +-- VSReliableMulticastProtocol +``` + +### Implementing a Custom Protocol + +Each protocol class must implement the following methods: + +* A public constructor: Must specify whether the client or the server initiates requests, using `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START` or `VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_SERVER_START`. +* `onClientInit()` / `onServerInit()`: Called once before the protocol is first used. Used to initialize protocol variables and attributes via the VSPrefs methods (e.g. `initVector`, `initLong`). Variables initialized this way appear in the process editor and can be configured by the user. +* `onClientReset()` / `onServerReset()`: Called each time the simulation is reset. +* `onClientStart()` / `onServerStart()`: Called when the client/server initiates a request. Typically creates and sends a `VSMessage` object. +* `onClientRecv(VSMessage)` / `onServerRecv(VSMessage)`: Called when a message arrives. +* `onClientSchedule()` / `onServerSchedule()`: Called when a scheduled alarm fires. +* `toString()`: Optional. Customizes log output for this protocol. + +### Available API Methods + +Methods inherited from `VSAbstractProtocol`: + +* `sendMessage(VSMessage message)`: Sends a protocol message (automatically updates Lamport and Vector timestamps) +* `hasOnServerStart()`: Whether the server or client initiates requests +* `isServer()` / `isClient()`: Whether the current process has the protocol activated as server/client +* `scheduleAt(long time)`: Creates an alarm that fires at the given local process time, triggering `onClientSchedule()` or `onServerSchedule()` +* `removeSchedules()`: Cancels all pending alarms in the current context +* `getNumProcesses()`: Returns the total number of processes in the simulation + +Process methods available via the inherited `process` attribute: + +* `getTime()` / `setTime(long)`: Get/set the local process time +* `getGlobalTime()`: Get the current global simulation time +* `getClockVariance()` / `setClockVariance(float)`: Get/set the clock drift +* `getLamportTime()` / `setLamportTime(long)`: Get/set the Lamport timestamp +* `getVectorTime()` / `updateVectorTime(VSVectorTime)`: Get/update the vector timestamp +* `getProcessID()`: Get the process PID +* `isCrashed()` / `isCrashed(boolean)`: Check or set crash state +* `getRandomPercentage()`: Get a random value between 0 and 100 + +Message methods (`VSMessage`): + +* `new VSMessage()`: Create a new message +* `getMessageID()`: Get the message NID +* `setBoolean(key, value)` / `getBoolean(key)`: Set/get boolean data +* `setInteger(key, value)` / `getInteger(key)`: Set/get integer data +* `setLong(key, value)` / `getLong(key)`: Set/get long data +* `setString(key, value)` / `getString(key)`: Set/get string data +* `getSendingProcess()`: Get a reference to the sending process +* `isServerMessage()`: Whether it's a server or client message + +### Example: Reliable Multicast Implementation + +Here is a condensed example showing key parts of the Reliable Multicast Protocol implementation: + +```java +public class VSReliableMulticastProtocol extends VSAbstractProtocol { + public VSReliableMulticastProtocol() { + // The client initiates requests + super(VSAbstractProtocol.HAS_ON_CLIENT_START); + super.setClassname(super.getClass().toString()); + } + + private ArrayList<Integer> pids; + + // Initialize protocol variables (editable in the process editor) + public void onClientInit() { + Vector<Integer> vec = new Vector<Integer>(); + vec.add(1); vec.add(3); + super.initVector("pids", vec, "PIDs of participating processes"); + super.initLong("timeout", 2500, "Time until resend", "ms"); + } + + // Send multicast to all servers that haven't ACKed yet + public void onClientStart() { + if (pids.size() != 0) { + long timeout = super.getLong("timeout") + process.getTime(); + super.scheduleAt(timeout); + VSMessage message = new VSMessage(); + message.setBoolean("isMulticast", true); + super.sendMessage(message); + } + } + + // Handle ACK from a server + public void onClientRecv(VSMessage recvMessage) { + if (pids.size() != 0 && recvMessage.getBoolean("isAck")) { + Integer pid = recvMessage.getIntegerObj("pid"); + if (pids.contains(pid)) + pids.remove(pid); + super.log("ACK from Process " + pid + " received!"); + if (pids.size() == 0) { + super.log("ACKs from all processes received!"); + super.removeSchedules(); + } + } + } + + // Retry on timeout + public void onClientSchedule() { onClientStart(); } +} +``` + +## Installation + +The modernized ds-sim requires Java 21 or higher and Maven 3.8 or higher. + +``` +# Clone the repository +git clone https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim.git +cd ds-sim + +# Set JAVA_HOME if needed (e.g. on Fedora Linux) +export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk + +# Build the project +mvn clean package + +# Run the simulator +java -jar target/ds-sim-*.jar +``` + +For a faster development build without running tests: + +``` +mvn package -DskipTests +``` -### Event Types Available: +After building, the following artifacts are available in the `target/` directory: -* Process crash -* Process revival -* 1-Phase Commit Protocol events -* 2-Phase Commit Protocol events -* Basic Multicast Protocol events +* `ds-sim-1.0.1.jar` - Executable JAR with all dependencies bundled +* `original-ds-sim-1.0.1.jar` - JAR without dependencies -The event editor allows users to: +The project also includes 141 unit tests that can be run with `mvn test`. Example simulation files for all built-in protocols are included in the `saved-simulations/` directory. -* Copy or delete selected events (right-click functionality) -* Select multiple events using Ctrl key -* Edit time and PID values after creation -* Move events to different times or assign to different processes +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim source code on Codeberg -> **Important**: Remember to press Enter after changing event occurrence times, otherwise the changes won't take effect. +## Project Statistics -## Summary +The original VS-Sim project (August 2008) was written in Java 6 and consisted of: -The expert mode significantly extends the simulator's capabilities, providing: +* 61 source files across 12 Java packages +* Approximately 15,710 lines of code +* 2.2 MB of generated Javadoc documentation +* 142 KB compiled JAR file +* 10 built-in protocols +* 163 configurable settings -* Enhanced visualization options with Lamport and vector timestamps -* Global event programming in addition to local events -* Advanced log filtering for complex simulations -* Anti-aliasing for improved graphics -* Direct PID selection for event programming +The modernized successor ds-sim has been updated to Java 21 and translated to English. -These features make the simulator more powerful for advanced distributed systems simulation while maintaining the option to work in simple mode for basic use cases. +=> https://codeberg.org/snonux/ds-sim ds-sim source code on Codeberg E-Mail your comments to `paul@nospam.buetow.org` diff --git a/gemfeed/atom.xml b/gemfeed/atom.xml index 7ce70162..8047ac62 100644 --- a/gemfeed/atom.xml +++ b/gemfeed/atom.xml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"> - <updated>2026-03-09T09:06:40+02:00</updated> + <updated>2026-03-19T08:39:53+02:00</updated> <title>foo.zone feed</title> <subtitle>To be in the .zone!</subtitle> <link href="gemini://foo.zone/gemfeed/atom.xml" rel="self" /> @@ -8989,7 +8989,7 @@ content = "{CODE}" <title>f3s: Kubernetes with FreeBSD - Part 6: Storage</title> <link href="gemini://foo.zone/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi" /> <id>gemini://foo.zone/gemfeed/2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi</id> - <updated>2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Tue 27 Jan 10:09:08 EET 2026</updated> + <updated>2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Wed 19 Mar 2026</updated> <author> <name>Paul Buetow aka snonux</name> <email>paul@dev.buetow.org</email> @@ -8999,7 +8999,7 @@ content = "{CODE}" <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <h1 style='display: inline' id='f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd---part-6-storage'>f3s: Kubernetes with FreeBSD - Part 6: Storage</h1><br /> <br /> -<span class='quote'>Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Tue 27 Jan 10:09:08 EET 2026</span><br /> +<span class='quote'>Published at 2025-07-13T16:44:29+03:00, last updated Wed 19 Mar 2026</span><br /> <br /> <span>This is the sixth blog post about the f3s series for self-hosting demands in a home lab. f3s? The "f" stands for FreeBSD, and the "3s" stands for k3s, the Kubernetes distribution used on FreeBSD-based physical machines.</span><br /> <br /> @@ -10843,6 +10843,8 @@ LOCK_FILE=<font color="#808080">"/var/run/nfs-mount-check.lock"</font> touch <font color="#808080">"$LOCK_FILE"</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">trap</font></u></b> <font color="#808080">"rm -f $LOCK_FILE"</font> EXIT +MOUNT_FIXED=<font color="#000000">0</font> + fix_mount () { echo <font color="#808080">"Attempting to remount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT"</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> mount -o remount -f <font color="#808080">"$MOUNT_POINT"</font> <font color="#000000">2</font>>/dev/null; <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> @@ -10858,6 +10860,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo <font color="#808080">"$MOUNT_POINT is not a valid mountpoint, attempting mount"</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> mount <font color="#808080">"$MOUNT_POINT"</font>; <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> echo <font color="#808080">"Successfully mounted $MOUNT_POINT"</font> + MOUNT_FIXED=<font color="#000000">1</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">return</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> echo <font color="#808080">"Failed to mount $MOUNT_POINT"</font> @@ -10874,6 +10877,7 @@ fix_mount () { echo <font color="#808080">"Attempting to mount $MOUNT_POINT"</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> mount <font color="#808080">"$MOUNT_POINT"</font>; <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> echo <font color="#808080">"NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT mounted successfully"</font> + MOUNT_FIXED=<font color="#000000">1</font> <b><u><font color="#000000">return</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">else</font></u></b> echo <font color="#808080">"Failed to mount NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT"</font> @@ -10892,6 +10896,30 @@ fix_mount () { echo <font color="#808080">"NFS mount $MOUNT_POINT appears to be unresponsive"</font> fix_mount <b><u><font color="#000000">fi</font></u></b> + +<i><font color="silver"># After a successful remount, delete pods stuck on this node</font></i> +<b><u><font color="#000000">if</font></u></b> [ <font color="#808080">"$MOUNT_FIXED"</font> -eq <font color="#000000">1</font> ]; <b><u><font color="#000000">then</font></u></b> + echo <font color="#808080">"Mount was fixed, checking for stuck pods on this node..."</font> + NODE=$(hostname) + <b><u><font color="#000000">export</font></u></b> KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml + kubectl get pods --all-namespaces \ + --field-selector=<font color="#808080">"spec.nodeName=$NODE"</font> \ + -o json <font color="#000000">2</font>>/dev/null | jq -r <font color="#808080">'</font> +<font color="#808080"> .items[] |</font> +<font color="#808080"> select(</font> +<font color="#808080"> .status.phase == "Unknown" or</font> +<font color="#808080"> .status.phase == "Pending" or</font> +<font color="#808080"> (.status.conditions // [] |</font> +<font color="#808080"> any(.type == "Ready" and .status == "False")) or</font> +<font color="#808080"> (.status.containerStatuses // [] |</font> +<font color="#808080"> any(.state.waiting.reason == "ContainerCreating"))</font> +<font color="#808080"> ) | "</font>\(<font color="#808080">.metadata.namespace) </font>\(<font color="#808080">.metadata.name)"'</font> | \ + <b><u><font color="#000000">while</font></u></b> <b><u><font color="#000000">read</font></u></b> ns pod; <b><u><font color="#000000">do</font></u></b> + echo <font color="#808080">"Deleting stuck pod $ns/$pod"</font> + kubectl delete pod -n <font color="#808080">"$ns"</font> <font color="#808080">"$pod"</font> \ + --grace-period=<font color="#000000">0</font> --force <font color="#000000">2</font>>&<font color="#000000">1</font> + <b><u><font color="#000000">done</font></u></b> +<b><u><font color="#000000">fi</font></u></b> EOF [root@r0 ~]<i><font color="silver"># chmod +x /usr/local/bin/check-nfs-mount.sh</font></i> @@ -10960,6 +10988,10 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <br /> <span>Note: Stale file handles are inherent to NFS failover because file handles are server-specific. The best approach depends on your application's tolerance for brief disruptions. Of course, all the changes made to <span class='inlinecode'>r0</span> above must also be applied to <span class='inlinecode'>r1</span> and <span class='inlinecode'>r2</span>.</span><br /> <br /> +<span class='quote'>Updated Wed 19 Mar 2026: Added automatic pod restart after NFS remount</span><br /> +<br /> +<span>The script now also tracks whether a mount was fixed via the <span class='inlinecode'>MOUNT_FIXED</span> variable. After a successful remount, it queries kubectl for pods on the local node that are stuck in <span class='inlinecode'>Unknown</span>, <span class='inlinecode'>Pending</span>, or <span class='inlinecode'>ContainerCreating</span> state and force-deletes them. Kubernetes then automatically reschedules these pods, which will now succeed because the NFS mount is healthy again. Without this, pods that hit a stale mount would remain broken until manually deleted, even after the underlying NFS issue was resolved.</span><br /> +<br /> <h3 style='display: inline' id='complete-failover-test'>Complete Failover Test</h3><br /> <br /> <span>Here's a comprehensive test of the failover behaviour with all optimisations in place:</span><br /> diff --git a/gemfeed/f3-sync-plan.md b/gemfeed/f3-sync-plan.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ebc48bd..00000000 --- a/gemfeed/f3-sync-plan.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,389 +0,0 @@ -# f3 Host Expansion Plan - -## Goal - -Bring `f3.lan.buetow.org` into the `f3s` environment so it is aligned with the real role of `f2`: a non-`zrepl`, non-CARP, non-NFS-HA FreeBSD node that participates in the common host baseline, WireGuard mesh, UPS shutdown coordination, local virtualization pattern, and monitoring. - -This plan intentionally excludes: - -- `zrepl` -- CARP -- NFS server HA failover -- `stunnel` NFS server role -- `carpcontrol.sh` and related failover automation - -## Addressing Plan - -Use the next free numbers in the existing address sequences. - -- LAN IPv4: `192.168.1.133/24` -- Host short name: `f3` -- Host FQDN: `f3.lan.buetow.org` -- WireGuard IPv4: `192.168.2.133/24` -- WireGuard IPv6: `fd42:beef:cafe:2::133` - -Expected host entries: - -```txt -192.168.1.133 f3 f3.lan f3.lan.buetow.org -192.168.2.133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -fd42:beef:cafe:2::133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -``` - -## Scope - -### Systems that need direct changes - -- `f3` -- `f0` -- `f1` -- `f2` -- `r0` -- `r1` -- `r2` -- OpenBSD edge hosts that carry the static WireGuard host list -- Any admin machine with the same hand-maintained `/etc/hosts` map -- Prometheus scrape configuration - -### Assumptions - -- The FreeBSD ethernet interface on `f3` is `re0`, matching the earlier nodes. Verify with `ifconfig` before writing `rc.conf`. -- The home router/default gateway remains `192.168.1.1`. -- `f0` remains the UPS master node with the USB-connected APC. -- `f2` does not run `zrepl`, and `f3` should mirror that fact. -- If `f2` runs a local Rocky VM via `vm-bhyve`, `f3` should do the same. If `f2` does not, skip the VM provisioning section. -- If `f2` carries the extra SSD, USB key store, and encrypted datasets in practice, mirror that layout on `f3`; otherwise align with the real host, not the generalized blog wording. - -## Global References - -Primary local references from the blog series: - -- `2024-12-03-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-2.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-02-01-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-3.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-04-05-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-4.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-05-11-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-5.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-07-14-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-6.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-10-02-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-7.gmi.tpl` -- `2025-12-07-f3s-kubernetes-with-freebsd-part-8.gmi.tpl` - -This file is the authoritative execution plan for the rollout. - -## Step 1: Install FreeBSD on f3 and Obtain Initial Access - -Install FreeBSD on `f3` with the same baseline choices used on the original hosts: - -- Guided ZFS on root with pool `zroot` -- Unencrypted root -- Enable SSH daemon -- Enable NTP service and time sync -- Enable `powerd` -- Create user `paul` -- Add `paul` to group `wheel` - -Initial access can be via: - -- the console, or -- a temporary DHCP address assigned by the router - -Before making persistent network changes, confirm: - -- detected interface name via `ifconfig` -- temporary DHCP lease currently in use -- outbound connectivity and SSH reachability - -## Step 2: Convert f3 from DHCP to Static LAN Networking - -After logging in over the temporary DHCP address, configure `rc.conf` to match the static pattern used by the other nodes. - -First verify the interface name: - -```sh -ifconfig -``` - -Then configure: - -```sh -doas sysrc hostname="f3.lan.buetow.org" -doas sysrc ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.1.133 netmask 255.255.255.0" -doas sysrc defaultrouter="192.168.1.1" -``` - -Apply the change: - -```sh -doas service netif restart -doas service routing restart -``` - -Reconnect over: - -```sh -ssh paul@192.168.1.133 -``` - -Validation: - -- `hostname` returns `f3.lan.buetow.org` -- `ifconfig re0` shows `192.168.1.133` -- default route points to `192.168.1.1` -- host is reachable by SSH on the static address - -## Step 3: Apply the Common FreeBSD Baseline on f3 - -Install the common package baseline: - -```sh -doas pkg install helix doas zfs-periodic uptimed -``` - -Apply the baseline settings: - -- copy `/usr/local/etc/doas.conf.sample` to `/usr/local/etc/doas.conf` -- add the same `zfs-periodic` retention policy for `zroot` -- configure `uptimed` -- fully patch the host using `freebsd-update`, `pkg update`, and `pkg upgrade` - -Validation: - -- `doas` works for `paul` -- `uprecords` works -- periodic ZFS snapshot settings are present in `/etc/periodic.conf` - -## Step 4: Update /etc/hosts Everywhere - -Update `/etc/hosts` on all involved systems so `f3` is resolvable consistently. - -### Add on FreeBSD hosts - -- `f0` -- `f1` -- `f2` -- `f3` - -Add: - -```txt -192.168.1.133 f3 f3.lan f3.lan.buetow.org -192.168.2.133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -fd42:beef:cafe:2::133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -``` - -### Add on Rocky nodes - -- `r0` -- `r1` -- `r2` - -Add the same three lines above. - -### Add on OpenBSD edge hosts - -Any edge node with the mesh host list should get the WireGuard entries: - -```txt -192.168.2.133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -fd42:beef:cafe:2::133 f3.wg0 f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org -``` - -If those systems also maintain LAN-side entries for FreeBSD hosts, add the LAN line as well. - -### Add on admin machines - -Any laptop or workstation with the same static map should be updated. - -Validation: - -- `ping f3.lan.buetow.org` works from LAN systems -- `ping f3.wg0.wan.buetow.org` works once WireGuard is configured -- no duplicate or conflicting host entries are introduced - -## Step 5: Configure UPS Partner Behavior on f3 - -Install `apcupsd` on `f3` and configure it like `f2`, consuming UPS state remotely from `f0`. - -Required intent: - -- `UPSCABLE ether` -- `UPSTYPE net` -- `DEVICE f0.lan.buetow.org:3551` -- `BATTERYLEVEL 10` -- `MINUTES 6` - -Enable and start the service: - -```sh -doas sysrc apcupsd_enable=YES -doas service apcupsd start -``` - -Validation: - -- `apcaccess` on `f3` returns data -- `apcaccess -h f0.lan.buetow.org` works from `f3` -- service is enabled for boot - -## Step 6: Add f3 to the WireGuard Mesh - -Install and enable WireGuard on `f3`: - -```sh -doas pkg install wireguard-tools -doas sysrc wireguard_interfaces=wg0 -doas sysrc wireguard_enable=YES -doas mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/wireguard -doas touch /usr/local/etc/wireguard/wg0.conf -``` - -Configure `wg0` with: - -- IPv4 `192.168.2.133/24` -- IPv6 `fd42:beef:cafe:2::133` - -Then update all existing mesh peers to include `f3`: - -- `f0` -- `f1` -- `f2` -- `r0` -- `r1` -- `r2` -- OpenBSD edge hosts - -Because the topology is full mesh, this is a cluster-wide change, not a host-local change. - -Validation: - -- `wg show` on `f3` shows all intended peers -- existing nodes show `f3` as a peer -- `ping 192.168.2.130`, `.131`, `.132` from `f3` works -- `ping fd42:beef:cafe:2::130` etc. works if IPv6 WG is enabled end-to-end - -## Step 7: Mirror the Real Local Storage Layout of f2 on f3 - -This step depends on what `f2` actually runs today. - -If `f2` has the extra SSD, USB key filesystem, and encrypted datasets, do the same on `f3`: - -- install the second SSD -- create `zdata` -- create and mount `/keys` -- generate `f3.lan.buetow.org:bhyve.key` -- generate `f3.lan.buetow.org:zdata.key` -- replicate the shared key distribution model used on the existing storage-capable hosts -- create encrypted datasets and enable automatic key loading - -If `f2` does not use this storage path in practice, skip it and keep `f3` aligned with the actual host. - -Validation: - -- `zpool list` shows the expected pools -- `/keys` is mounted at boot if used -- encrypted datasets load keys correctly after reboot if used - -## Step 8: Configure vm-bhyve and the Host-Local Rocky VM on f3 - -Only do this if `f2` has the normal host-local VM pattern. - -On `f3`: - -- install `vm-bhyve` and `bhyve-firmware` -- enable `vm_enable` -- set `vm_dir=zfs:zroot/bhyve` -- create the `public` switch on `re0` -- configure autostart with `vm_list="rocky"` -- provision the Rocky VM analogous to the existing `r2` pattern - -If this expands the cluster with a new Rocky guest, define the next matching addresses: - -- LAN IPv4 for VM: `192.168.1.123/24` -- WG IPv4 for VM: `192.168.2.123/24` -- WG IPv6 for VM: `fd42:beef:cafe:2::123` -- Hostname: `r3.lan.buetow.org` - -If no new VM should exist on `f3`, explicitly skip this step. - -Validation: - -- `vm list` shows the expected guest -- guest boots cleanly -- guest has static network config if created -- `/etc/hosts` updates are extended for `r3` if `r3` is created - -## Step 9: Install and Integrate Monitoring for f3 - -Install `node_exporter` on `f3`: - -```sh -doas pkg install -y node_exporter -doas sysrc node_exporter_enable=YES -doas sysrc node_exporter_args='--web.listen-address=192.168.2.133:9100' -doas service node_exporter start -``` - -Update Prometheus additional scrape config to include: - -```yaml -- '192.168.2.133:9100' # f3 via WireGuard -``` - -If you use the ZFS textfile collector script on the FreeBSD hosts, deploy the same script and cron entry to `f3` if and only if `f3` has the same relevant ZFS layout. - -Validation: - -- `curl -s http://192.168.2.133:9100/metrics | head -3` -- Prometheus target becomes healthy -- Grafana Node Exporter dashboards show `f3` - -## Step 10: Mirror Required Local FreeBSD Service Users on f3 - -If `f2` carries local UID/GID mappings required for shared storage ownership, reproduce them on `f3`. - -Known example from the blog: - -```sh -doas pw groupadd postgres -g 999 -doas pw useradd postgres -u 999 -g postgres -d /var/db/postgres -s /usr/sbin/nologin -``` - -Only add the accounts that actually exist on `f2` today. - -Validation: - -- `id postgres` matches expected UID/GID if created -- user list on `f3` matches `f2` for the intended service accounts - -## Step 11: End-to-End Validation - -Perform a final verification pass: - -- `f3` is reachable on `192.168.1.133` -- hostname and `/etc/hosts` are correct everywhere -- `apcupsd` on `f3` reads from `f0` -- WireGuard connectivity is established across the mesh -- monitoring is scraping `f3` -- optional local storage layout matches `f2` -- optional VM layout matches `f2` -- no accidental `zrepl`, CARP, NFS HA, or server-side `stunnel` config was added - -Document any intentional deviations from `f2`. - -## Task Breakdown - -The implementation should be tracked as one task per major step: - -1. Install FreeBSD and obtain initial access on `f3` -2. Convert `f3` from DHCP to static LAN networking -3. Apply the common FreeBSD baseline on `f3` -4. Update `/etc/hosts` on all involved systems -5. Configure `apcupsd` on `f3` -6. Add `f3` to the WireGuard mesh -7. Mirror the real local storage layout of `f2` on `f3` -8. Configure `vm-bhyve` and optional host-local Rocky VM on `f3` -9. Install and integrate monitoring for `f3` -10. Mirror required local service users on `f3` -11. Run final end-to-end validation - -All implementation tasks should reference this file directly: - -- `/home/paul/git/foo.zone-content/gemtext/gemfeed/f3-sync-plan.md` diff --git a/gemfeed/index.gmi b/gemfeed/index.gmi index ed3ee059..c1a8c5ac 100644 --- a/gemfeed/index.gmi +++ b/gemfeed/index.gmi @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ => ./2022-02-04-computer-operating-systems-i-use.gmi 2022-02-04 - Computer operating systems I use(d) => ./2022-01-23-welcome-to-the-foo.zone.gmi 2022-01-23 - Welcome to the foo.zone => ./2022-01-01-bash-golf-part-2.gmi 2022-01-01 - Bash Golf Part 2 -=> ./2021-12-26-how-to-stay-sane-as-a-devops-person.gmi 2021-12-26 - How to stay sane as a DevOps person +=> ./2021-12-26-how-to-stay-sane-as-a-devops-person.gmi 2021-12-26 - How to stay sane as a DevOps person => ./2021-11-29-bash-golf-part-1.gmi 2021-11-29 - Bash Golf Part 1 => ./2021-10-22-defensive-devops.gmi 2021-10-22 - Defensive DevOps => ./2021-09-12-keep-it-simple-and-stupid.gmi 2021-09-12 - Keep it simple and stupid |
